Adjustment and maladjustment - Education Psychology (BEd)- its meaning,definition, process,students and teachers behavior, Maladjustment , symptoms and treatments
2. Adjustment – Meaning
Definition – Adjustment
Nature of Adjustment
Need and importance of Adjustment
Characteristics of a well adjusted person
Characteristics of a well adjusted students in class
Adjustment Process
Role of teacher in pupils adjustment
Maladjustment
Causes of Maladjustment
School factors contributing to maladjustment of students
Diagnosis and Treatment of Maladjusted Children
3. Adjustment is the process of getting along with
one’s own self and with others . It is a process by
which a person varies his behavior to produce a
more harmonious relationship between himself
and his environment
4. According to Shaffer , adjustment is a process by
which an individual maintains a balance between his
needs and circumstances that influence the
satisfaction of those needs.
Webster considers adjustment as the establishment of
a satisfactory relationship as representing harmony ,
conformance , adaptation or the like.
Good defines adjustment as the process of finding and
adopting modes of behavior suitable to the
environment or the change in the environment.
5. It is an achievement
It is the process need reduction
States relationship between
person and his environment
It brings happiness , efficiency and some
degree of social feelings
It depends on external and internal demands
It refers both to a process and to a state
It involves psychological and physiological
adaptation
6. To reducing frustrations and tensions to the lowest
minimum
Helps to lead a happy and well contented life
Helps in balance between our needs and capacity
Leads way of life according to the demands of the
situations
Gives strength and ability to
bring desirable changes in
the conditions of our
environment
7. He knows his strength and limitations
Has an adequate level of aspiration
His basic needs like organic , emotional and social
needs are fully satisfied
He does not possess critical or fault finding
attitude
His behavior is flexible
He is capable of struggling with odd
circumstances
He has got a realistic perception of world
He has his own philosophy of life
8. Has good physical health
Psychologically comfort
Has work efficiency
Social acceptance
9. The adjustment process occurs when conflict
occurs . Conflicts occurs between internal needs
and external demand , in such condition , there
are three alternatives
1. The individual may inhibits or modify his internal
need or demand
2. He can alter the environment and can satisfy his
demands
3. He can use some mental mechanism to escape
from conflicting situation and may able to
maintain the balance of personality
10. Piaget (1952) has studied the adjustment
process from different angle . He used the
term
A. Assimilation
B. Accommodation
C. Equilibration
11. Provide free environment in school
Develop pupils self-respect and self esteem
Provide a good atmosphere for physical, mental
and social development
Help for balanced emotional development
Help for set proper level of aspiration
Help maladjusted children
Help the pupils to develop proper
patience and power of tolerance
Accept that every pupil is different
12.
13. Maladjustment literally means faulty or
unsatisfactory adjustment.
In psychology, the term is used to mention the
inability to adjust to the demand of interpersonal
relationships and the stresses of daily living.
It refers to the degree of disharmony between the
person and his environment.
It result in frustration and conflicts.
14. Frustration
It means emotional tension resulting from the
blocking of a desire. It is an individual’s goal-seeking
activity is obstructed. It result in mental tension.
Conflicts
It means a state of tension brought by the presence
of two or more opposing desire in the individual.
Lewin considers conflicts as a clash of motives. They
are
Approach-approach conflict,
Approach-avoidance conflict,
Avoidance-avoidance conflict.
15. Physique and appearance
Poverty
Broken home
Parental attitude
Emotional shock
Lack of co-ordination between a person
16. Maladjusted teachers
Attitude of teachers
Inadequate curriculum
Lack of co-curricular activities
Defective examination system
17. 1. Diagnosis of Maladjustment
Physical symptoms – stuttering, stammering,
scratching head, facial twitching, biting nails,
rocking feet, restlessness, drumming with fingers
and vomiting
Behavioral Symptoms – Aggression, lying, bullying,
stealing, truancy, wandering, poor school
achievement, frequent absence, hyperactivity,
withdrawal tendencies, negativism, and sex
disturbances
18. Emotional symptoms – Excessive worry, fear,
inferiority, hatred, extreme timidity, temper
tantrum, persistent anxiety, conflicts and tension.
2. Detection of Maladjusted Children
Observation and interview
Use of test : Number of Psychological tests,
inventories, and rating scale can be used Eg:
The Bell Adjustment Inventory, The Moony
Checklist, Taylor Anxiety Scale etc
19. 3. Treatment of Maladjusted Children
Some of the specific measures teacher can take are
The teacher should understand the deviant
behavior of children
Give awareness to make healthy parent-child
relationship
Arrange proper School environment
Serious cases should be referred to hospital
Can use psychotherapeutic
technique like group therapy,
play therapy, and psycho-drama
depending upon the requirement.