1. The document discusses several major community nutrition programs in India that aim to address nutritional deficiencies and improve health outcomes. 2. Key programs described include the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program, mid-day meal programs, and special nutrition programs that provide supplementary food. 3. The programs target vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and mothers, and seek to improve nutrition, increase education access, and ultimately strengthen public health.

1. COMMUNITY
NUTRITIONAL
PROGRAMMES
Dr. Jasminkumar Viramgami
Reader & H.O.D.,
Dept. of Swasthavritta,
Govt. Akhandanand Ayurved College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

2. Introduction
• India is the 2nd most populated country in
the World next to China.
majority of the people
• belongs to rural community
• from low socio economic status,
• illiteracy and lack of basic human needs.
• From the nutritional point of view majority are
undernourished.
• The high income groups are suffering from the
diseases of over nourishment.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

3. Nutritional deficiency
• Nutritional deficiency is any deficiency of the
nutrients that are required to sustain human
life.
• Nutritional deficiencies occur when a person's
nutrient intake consistently falls below the
recommended requirement.
• Children between 10-19 years of age face
serious nutritional deficiency worldwide
according to WHO.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

4. Major nutritional problems in India
• Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
• Nutritional Anaemia
• Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD)
• Vitamin-A deficiency
• Low birth weight (LBW)
• Endemic Fluorosis
• Lathyrism
• Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD)
• Cancer etc. Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

5. Causes For Nutritional Deficiency
• Low socio economic status
• Illiteracy
• Over population
• Lack of health care facilities
• Large families
• Infections
• Cultural influences, Superstitious beliefs,
misconceptions,
• Dietary practices etc.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

6. …..Causes For Nutritional Deficiency
• Lack of awareness regarding nutrients and
their requirement
• Decreased food production
• Limited availability/ inadequacy of food
products
• Over nourishment among the high socio
economic status
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

7. Major Nutritional Programmes In India
The govt of India has launched many
nationwide health programs
to improve and restore the health status of the
vulnerable population…
• …such as infants, preschoolers, school
children, antenatal and postnatal mothers etc.
Currently major nutrition supplementation
programmes in India are:
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

8. Nutritional programmes in india
Ministry of Rural Development
• Applied nutrition programme
Ministry of Social Welfare
• Integrated child development services scheme (ICDS)
• Balwadi nutrition programme (BNP)
• Special nutrition programme (SNP)
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• National nutritional anemia prophylaxis programme
• National prophylaxis programme for prevention of blindness
due to vitamin A deficiency
• National iodine deficiency disorder control programme
Ministry of Education
• Mid-day meal programme
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

9. • Integrated Child Development Services Scheme
(ICDS)
• Mid-day meal Programs (MDM)
• Special Nutrition Programs (SNP)
• Wheat Based Nutrition Programs (WNP)
• Applied Nutrition Programs (ANP)
• Balwadi Nutrition Programs (BNP)
• National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Program
(NNAPP)
• National Program for Prevention of Blindness due to
Vitamin A Deficiency
• National Goitre Control Program (NGCP)
• Antyodaya Anna Yojana
• Other ProgrammesDr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

10. Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

11. Integrated Child Development Service
• launched on 2nd October, 1975 (5th Five year
Plan)
• in pursuance of the National Policy for Children
• Dept of Women and Child Development,
Ministry of Human Resources Development
• strong nutrition component in the form of
supplementary nutrition, Vit-A prophylaxis and
iron and folic acid distribution
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

12. Beneficiaries-
• preschool children below 6 yrs,
• adolescent girls 11-18 yrs,
• pregnant and lactating mothers
• Women in the age group of 15-44 years
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

13. Objectives
• Improve the nutrition and health status of
children in the age group of 0-6 years
• Lay the foundation for proper psychological
physical and social development of the child
• Effective coordination and implementation of
policy among the various departments
• Enhance the capability of the mother to look
after the normal health and nutrition needs
through proper nutrition and health
education.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

14. The Package of services provided by ICDS are:
• Supplementary nutrition,
• Vit-A, Iron and Folic Acid
• Immunization
• Health check-ups
• Referral services
• Treatment of minor illnesses
• Nutrition and health education to women
• Pre-school education of children in the age
group of 3-6 years, and
• Convergence of other supportive services like
water supply, sanitation, etc.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

15. Implemented and supervised by:
• Anganwadi workers at village level
• Mahila mandal networks in ICDS to help
anganwadi workers
• Work of anganwadis is supervised by mukhya
sevika
• Field supervision by Child Development
Project Officer(CDPO)
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

16. Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme
National Program for Prevention of
Blindness due to Vitamin A Deficiency
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

17. • Component of national programme for control
of blindness
• National Blindness Control Programme started
in 1976 as 100 percent centrally sponsored
programme.
• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• implemented through PHCs and SCs.
• Services to all pre school children in the
community every 6 months through peripheral
health workers
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

18. • administering Vitamin ‘A’ concentrates to
children less than 5 years every six months.
• A child must receive a total of 9 oral doses of
Vitamin ‘A’ by his 5th birthday.
• Priority should be given to children in-
between 6 months and 3 years since they
have the highest prevalence of clinical sign of
Vitamin ‘A’ deficiency.
• 2,00,000 IU Orally
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

19. Beneficiaries
• Children below 5 years of age.
Objectives
• Prevention of blindness due to Vitamin ‘A’
deficiency.
• Supplementation of Vitamin ‘A’ to all the children
below 5 years of age.
• Providing comprehensive eye care services at
primary, secondary and tertiary health care level
• Achieving substantial reduction in the prevalence
of eye disease in general and blindness in
particular.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

20. Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

21. Prophylaxis against nutritional anaemia
• Launched during 4TH five year plan in 1970
• to prevent nutritional anaemia in mothers and
children.
• taken up by MCH, Division of M of H and FW.
• Now it is part of RCH programme.
• Distribution of iron and folic acid tablets
• Control of anaemia through iron fortification of
common salt has also been developed.
• Implemented by MCH Centres in urban areas, PHC’s
in rural areas and ICDS projects
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

22. Beneficiaries
• Children in the age group of 1 -5 years
• Pregnant and nursing mothers.
• Female acceptors of lUDs and terminal
methods of family planning.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

23. Under this programme,
• the expected and nursing mothers as well as
acceptors of family planning are given one tablet
of iron - folic acid containing 100 mg elementary
iron, 0.5 mg of folic acid)
• Children of 1-5 years given one tab of iron
containing 20 mg elementary iron (60 mg of
ferrous sulphate and 0.1 mg of folic acid) daily for
a period of 100 days.
• For children (6-60 months), ferrous sulphate and
folic acid should be provided in a liquid
formulation Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

24. National Iodine deficiency disorder
control programme (NIDDCP)
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

25. • formerly known as National Goitre Control
Programme (NGCP) since 1962
• renamed by Govt. of India in 1992 as NIDDCP.
• 100% centrally assisted programme
• with a focus on the provision of iodized salt,
IDD survey, laboratory monitoring of iodized
salt, health education and publicity.
• Conventional goitre belt in Himalayan region
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

26. Objectives
• Surveillance of Goitre cases
• identification of goitre endemic areas
• Supply of iodized salt in place of common
salt.
• Monitoring through analysis of salt and urine
samples.
• Assessment of impact of control measures
over a period of time.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

27. Special Nutrition Programme (SNP)
• 1970
• For benefit of children below 6 yrs, pregnant mothers
• Operated in urban slums, tribal areas and backward
rural areas
• Supplementary food supplies 300 kcal and 10-12 gms
of protein/child/day
• Mothers receive daily 500 kcal and 25 gms of protein
• Supplement given for 300 days in a year
Objective-
• improve nutritional status of target areas
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

28. Balwadi nutrition programme
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

29. • Introduced in 1970 under the control of the
Department of Social Welfare.
• The program is implemented through Balwadi
• Phased out in favour of the Integrated Child
Development Services (ICDS)
• to provide nutritional support to children.
• they provide education and nutritional
support.
• Supplement food provides 300 kcal and 10 gm
protein/child/day
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

30. Objectives
• Supply one-third of the calorie and half
of the protein requirements of pre-school
children between the age of 3-5 years
• Improve the nutritional status.
Beneficiaries
• Children of 3-6 years of age in rural areas
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

31. Mid-day Meal Programme
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

32. • started in the 1960s.
• It involves provision of lunch free of cost to
school children on all working days.
• Minimum feeding days – 250
• The Scheme covers students (Class l-V) in the
Government Primary Schools / Primary Schools
aided by Govt, and the Primary Schools run by
local bodies.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

33. Objectives
• Protecting children from classroom hunger,
• Increasing school enrolment and attendance,
• Strengthening child nutrition and literacy
• Improved socialisation among children belonging to
all castes.
• Addressing malnutrition, and Social empowerment.
Beneficiaries
• Children attending the primary school.
• Children belonging to backward classes, SC, and ST
families are given priority.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

34. • Food grains (wheat and rice) are supplied free
of cost @ 100 gm /child /school day
• cooked/processed hot meal is served with a min
content of 300 calories and 8-12 gm of protein
each day of school for a minimum of 200 days
and
• where food grains are distributed in raw
form- 3 kg per student per month for 9-11
months in a year,
• In drought affected areas the mid day meal is
distributed in summer vacations also.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

35. Principles-
• Meal should be a supplement and not a substitute to
home diet
• Meal should supply at least 1/3rd of total energy
requirement and half of protein need.
• Cost of meal should be reasonably low.
• Prepared easily in schools; no complicated cooking
process should be involved.
• As far as possible, locally available food should be
used.
• Menu should be frequently changed to avoid
monotony.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

36. Menu-
Foodstuffs gm/day/child
Cereals and millets 75
Pulses 30
Oils and fats 8
Leafy vegetables 30
Non leafy vegetables 30
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

37. Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

38. Mid-day meal scheme
• Also known as national programme of nutritional
support to primary education
• Launched as centrally sponsored scheme on 15th
august 1995 and revised in 2004
• Cooked meal with minimum 300 calories and 8-12 gms
of protein will be provided
Objective-
• universalization of primary education by enrolment,
retention and attendance and
• simultaneously impacting on nutrition of students in
primary classes
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

39. Special Nutrition Program (SNP)
• launched in the country in 1970-71
• to improve the nutritional status of specific
target group
• provides supplementary feeding of about 300
calories and 10 grams of protein to preschool
children and
• about 500 calories and 25 grams of protein to
expected and nursing mothers for six days a
week.
• Now integrated with the ICDS (Integrated Child
Development Services)Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

40. Objectives
• Improve the nutritional status of specific target
groups.
• Provides supplementary nutrition and health care
services.
• Supplementary nutrition for 300 days every year.
• Supply of Vitamin ‘A’ solution, iron and folic acid
tablets.
Beneficiaries
• Children under 6 years and
• Pregnant and Lactating mothers.
• operated in the urban slums, tribal areas, backward
rural areas. Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

41. Antyodaya Anna Yojana
• launched in December, 2000
• for 1 crore poorest of the poor families amongst
the BPL families
• providing them food grains at a highly subsidized
rate of Rs.2/kg for wheat and Rs. 3/kg for rice.
• 35 kg /family /month with effect from 1 st April,
2002.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

42. Other Programmes
Other programmes include:
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

43. Emergency feeding programme
• introduced in May, 2001 in selected states
(Orissa)
• a food based intervention targeted for old, infirm
and destitute persons belonging to BPL
households to provide them food security in
their distress conditions.
• Cooked food containing, rice- 200gms, Dal
(pulse)- 40 gms, vegetables- 30 gms is provided in
the diet of each EFP beneficiary daily by the
Government. Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

44. Village grain banks scheme
• implemented by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs
• to provide safeguard against starvation during
the period of natural calamity or during lean
season
• when the marginalized food insecure
households do not have sufficient resources to
purchase rations.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

45. National food for work programme
• to provide supplementary wage employment
and food security
• Implemented in tribal belts.
• The scheme will provide 100 days of
employment
at minimum wages for at least one able bodied
person from each household in the country.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

46. Pulse mission
• (India’s Food Security Mission) aimed at
increasing pulse production.
• Aimed to improve pulse production by 2
million tones by 2011-12
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

47. National water supply and
sanitation programme
• Launched in 1954
• Provide safe water supply and adequate
drainage facilities for the entire urban and rural
population of the country.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

48. Minimum needs programme:
• Launched on 1974
• To provide basic minimum needs and thereby
improve the living standards of people
It Includes
• Rural Health
• Rural water Supply
• Rural electrification
• Elementary education
• Adult education
• Nutrition
• Environmental improvement of urban slums
• House for landless labourers.
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

49. 20 Point programme 1975 :
Objectives:
• Eradication of poverty,
• raising productivity,
• reducing inequality,
• improving quality of life.
National Children's Fund 1979
• This Fund Provides support to the voluntary
organizations that help the welfare of children.
National Plan of Action for Children 1990
United Nations Children's Fund
National Rural Health Mission
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

50. Indirect programmes
• National Cancer Control Programme
• National Diabetes Control Programme
• Poverty alleviation Programmes
• Environmental Sanitation Programmes
• Protected water supply programme
• Literacy programme
Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC

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Dr. J M Viramgami, Reader Swasthavritta,
GAAC