Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Organizational BehaviorOrganizational Behavior
Values, Attitudes and Job SatisfactionValues, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Topics CoveredTopics Covered
●●Meaning of Value andMeaning of Value and
Value SystemsValue Systems
●●Types of ValuesTypes of Values
●●A Framework forA Framework for
Assessing CultureAssessing Culture
●Meaning of Attitude●Meaning of Attitude
●Types of Attitude●Types of Attitude
●Determiners of Job●Determiners of Job
SatisfactionSatisfaction Syed Md. Sajjad KabirSyed Md. Sajjad Kabir
Lecturer, CULecturer, CU
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.com 1

VALUESVALUES
Basic convictions (firm belief) ofBasic convictions (firm belief) of
existence is personally or sociallyexistence is personally or socially
preferable to an opposite orpreferable to an opposite or
converse mode of conduct orconverse mode of conduct or
end state of existence. An‑end state of existence. An‑
individual's ideas as to what isindividual's ideas as to what is
right, good or desirable.right, good or desirable.
SMS Kabir,

A hierarchy based on aA hierarchy based on a
ranking of an individual'sranking of an individual's
values in terms of theirvalues in terms of their
intensity(honesty, obedience,intensity(honesty, obedience,
equality etc.).equality etc.).
VALUE SYSTEMVALUE SYSTEM
SMS Kabir,

TYPES OF VALUESTYPES OF VALUES
1.1. Terminal values:Terminal values: DesirableDesirable
end states of existence. These are‑end states of existence. These are‑
the goals that a person would likethe goals that a person would like
to achieve during his or herto achieve during his or her
lifetime (self respect, familylifetime (self respect, family
security).security).
SMS Kabir,

 2.2. Instrumental values:Instrumental values: Preferable modesPreferable modes
of behavior or means of achieving theof behavior or means of achieving the
terminal values. (Honest, responsible).terminal values. (Honest, responsible).
►►ExampleExample
Terminal ValuesTerminal Values Instrumental ValuesInstrumental Values
Self respectSelf respect HonestHonest
Family securityFamily security ResponsibleResponsible
FreedomFreedom CapableCapable
A sense of accomplishmentA sense of accomplishment AmbitionsAmbitions
HappinessHappiness IndependentIndependent
TYPES OF VALUESTYPES OF VALUES
SMS Kabir,

FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING CULTURESFRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING CULTURES
Managers and employees vary on fiveManagers and employees vary on five
value dimensions of national culture.value dimensions of national culture.
••Power distance:Power distance: The degree to whichThe degree to which
people in a country accept that powerpeople in a country accept that power
in institutions and organizations isin institutions and organizations is
distributed unequally.distributed unequally.
SMS Kabir,

•• Individualism vs. Collectivism:Individualism vs. Collectivism:
Individualism is the degree toIndividualism is the degree to
which people in a country preferwhich people in a country prefer
to act as individuals rather than ato act as individuals rather than a
member of groups. Collectivism ismember of groups. Collectivism is
the equivalent of lowthe equivalent of low
individualism.individualism.
SMS Kabir,

•• Quantity of life vs. quality of life:Quantity of life vs. quality of life: QuantityQuantity
of lifeof life is the degree to which values likeis the degree to which values like
assertiveness, the acquisition of moneyassertiveness, the acquisition of money
and material goods & competition prevail.and material goods & competition prevail.
Quality of lifeQuality of life is the degree to whichis the degree to which
people value relationships and showpeople value relationships and show
sensitivity and concern for the welfare ofsensitivity and concern for the welfare of
others.others. SMS Kabir,

•• Uncertainty avoidance:Uncertainty avoidance: AA
national culture attributenational culture attribute
describing the extent to which adescribing the extent to which a
society feels threatened bysociety feels threatened by
uncertain and ambiguousuncertain and ambiguous
situations and tries to avoidsituations and tries to avoid
them.them.
SMS Kabir,

•• Long tem orientation vs. short termLong tem orientation vs. short term
orientation:orientation: People in cultures withPeople in cultures with
long term orientationslong term orientations look to thelook to the
future and value thrift andfuture and value thrift and
persistence.persistence.
A short term orientationA short term orientation values the postvalues the post
and present, and emphasizes respectand present, and emphasizes respect
for tradition and fulfilling socialfor tradition and fulfilling social
obligations.obligations.
SMS Kabir,

MEANING OF ATTITUDEMEANING OF ATTITUDE
 Attitudes are evaluative statements either‑Attitudes are evaluative statements either‑
favorable or unfavorable concerning objects,‑favorable or unfavorable concerning objects,‑
people or events.people or events.
 They reflect how one feels about something.They reflect how one feels about something.
 Ex: I like my job.Ex: I like my job.
Here, I am expressing my attitude about work.Here, I am expressing my attitude about work.
SMS Kabir,

 1.1. Job Satisfaction:Job Satisfaction: An individual’sAn individual’s
general attitude toward his or her job.general attitude toward his or her job.
A person with a high level of jobA person with a high level of job
satisfaction holds positive attitudessatisfaction holds positive attitudes
toward the job, while a person who istoward the job, while a person who is
dissatisfied with his or her job holdsdissatisfied with his or her job holds
negative attitudes about the job.negative attitudes about the job.
TYPES OF ATTITUDESTYPES OF ATTITUDES
SMS Kabir,

2.2. Job Involvement:Job Involvement: MeasuresMeasures
the degree to which a personthe degree to which a person
identifies with his or her job,identifies with his or her job,
actively participates in it andactively participates in it and
considers his or herconsiders his or her
performance important to self-performance important to self-
worth.worth.
SMS Kabir,

3.3. Organizational Commitment:Organizational Commitment:
Measures the degree to which anMeasures the degree to which an
employee identifies with aemployee identifies with a
particular organization and itsparticular organization and its
goal and wishes to maintaingoal and wishes to maintain
membership in the organization.membership in the organization.
SMS Kabir,

WHAT DETERMINES JOB SATISFACTIONWHAT DETERMINES JOB SATISFACTION
Mentally challenging work:Mentally challenging work:
Employees tend to prefer jobsEmployees tend to prefer jobs
that give them opportunities tothat give them opportunities to
use their skills and abilities anduse their skills and abilities and
offer a variety of tasks, freedomoffer a variety of tasks, freedom
and feedback on how well theyand feedback on how well they
are doing.are doing. SMS Kabir,

 Equitable rewards:Equitable rewards: Employees wantEmployees want
pay systems and promotion policiespay systems and promotion policies
that they perceive as being just,that they perceive as being just,
unambiguous and in line with theirunambiguous and in line with their
expectations.expectations.
When pay is seen as fair based on jobWhen pay is seen as fair based on job
demands, individual skill level anddemands, individual skill level and
community pay standards, satisfactioncommunity pay standards, satisfaction
is likely to result.is likely to result.
SMS Kabir,

 Supportive working conditions:Supportive working conditions:
Employees are concerned with theirEmployees are concerned with their
work environment for both personalwork environment for both personal
comfort and facilitating doing a goodcomfort and facilitating doing a good
job. Employees prefer physicaljob. Employees prefer physical
surroundings that are not dangeroussurroundings that are not dangerous
or uncomfortable.or uncomfortable.
SMS Kabir,

 Supportive colleagues:Supportive colleagues: People getPeople get
more out of work than merelymore out of work than merely
money or tangible achievement.money or tangible achievement.
For most employees, work also fillsFor most employees, work also fills
the need for social interaction.the need for social interaction.
Having friendly and supportive co-Having friendly and supportive co-
workers leads to increased jobworkers leads to increased job
satisfaction.satisfaction.
SMS Kabir,

SMS Kabir,

Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

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