12 tenses.

1. Present Simple Tense
• 1 everyday action, regular or habitual action
• I go to college everyday.
• We go to market every Saturday.
• He makes sweets.
• Hina doesn’t wash clothes on Sundays.
• She helps him every time but he doesn’t help her.
• They watch TV every morning.
• Club members discuss matters everyday.
• Amitabh acts in films.

2. Present Simple Tense
• 2 universal truth or accepted truth
• The sun rises in the east.
• The moon moves around the earth.
• Monday follows Sunday.
• Hard work does not kill anybody.
• Haste makes waste.
• The earth is round.
• An empty vessel makes more sound.

3. Present Simple Tense
• 3 Hobby, Liking, Disliking, Habit
• I eat ice-cream but I don’t drink aerated water.
• I don’t smoke. My friend doesn’t smoke too.
• I like English movies but I don’t like Gujarati movies.
• She likes Italian food.
• He listens to music to pass his time.
• Hiten draws pictures but he doesn’t write articles.

4. Present Simple Tense
• 4 Certain verbs are used in the present simple
tense but not in the pr. Continuos tense.
• To see, hear, smell, want, know, prefer, like, seem, love,
need, wish, remember, forget, understand, belong, own,
owe, cost, mean, resemble, believe, think, feel, have ( own )
• I see with my eyes. I am seeing with my eyes. ( X )
• I know you. I am knowing you. ( X )
• I think/feel that she is practical. I am thinking/feeling …..( X )
• I am thinking about my career.
• I am seeing him tomorrow.

5. Present Simple Tense
• 5 To tell a story of a film or a novel in brief
• One engineer goes to village. He meets one girl. He falls in
love with her but she doesn’t allow him to see her face and
so on…...

6. Present Simple Tense
• 6 Conditional Sentences
• If you work hard, you will get success.
• If you meet Mr. Shah, give him this message.
• When he comes, I’ll give your message.
• We shall wait here till you come back.
• If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go on a picnic.
wet

7. Present Simple Tense
• 7 To give directions, instructions.
• Take this medicine two times a day.
• Don’t copy your answers.
• Answer any four questions.
• Ronak comes from the right side, Mayur comes from the
left side and both meet Mina.

8. Present Simple Tense
• 8 To show excitement, narrate live program.
• Here he comes.
• Now we take you to Patel stadium.
• Here comes the Indian captain with his team.
• Kumble bowls the first ball and Ramiz gets out.
• Here comes Amitabh to receive his award.

9. Present Simple Tense
• 9 To remind appointments and time-tables.
• O.K. We meet tomorrow.
• See you on Sunday.
• Flight 101 takes off from Mumbai at 8 p.m. and lands in
Amdavad at 9 p.m.
• Gujarat Mail departs from Ahmedabad at 10 p.m. and
reaches Mumbai at 7 a.m. ( arrives Ahmedabad at 7 a.m.)

10. • Present Continuous Tense
• When action is going on at the time of speaking.
• I am reading my lessons now.
• We are revising previous lectures now.
• He is speaking and we are writing notes.
• Sonam is ironing her clothes.
• She is making a cake now.
• Children are playing cricket on the ground.
• We are going to a mall now so we cannot come to your
place.

11. Present Continuous Tense
• To show planned action of future.
• We are going to movies tonight.
• Please come tomorrow. I am going to a party tonight.
• He is taking IELTS next week.
• She is making pizza tonight.
• I cannot go to market with you this Sunday because I
am going to Delhi on that day.

12. Present Continuous Tense
• With Nowadays
• Nowadays people are running after fashion.
• Nowadays he is writing a novel.
• Nowadays people are passing time at home because of TV.
• Nowadays people are eating in restaurants frequently.

13. Present Perfect Tense
• When action of the past has relation with the
present or when action should be over in the
present the Pr. Perfect is used.
I have already taken lunch, so I don’t want to come to the
restaurant.
Mr. Shah has just gone out , so you cannot meet him.
If you have taken lunch, please help me.
When you have written your notes, please show me your
notes.

14. Present Perfect Tense
• With the present perfect tense, time of action is not
mentioned.
• I have taken lunch at 1 p.m. ( X)
• We have seen this movie last Sunday.(X)
• He has gone out before one hour ago. (X)
• I have worked for two hours. ( Correct )
• I have worked from 8 to 10. ( X )
• I have not seen him since Saturday.
• I have not seen him on Saturday.
• I did not see him on Saturday. (Pt. S.)
• I did not see him since Saturday. ( X )

15. Present Perfect Continuous
• When action is in progress in present from some
time the Pr. PC is used.
• I have been watching TV since 7 a.m.
• He has been doing his homework since morning.
• We have been working for three hours.
• They have been learning English for four days.
• She has been talking since the guest arrived.
• You have been watching TV for five hours so switch it off.
• I have been teaching English _____ 1971.
• I have been teaching English _____39 years.

16. Past Simple Tense
• 1 To show single action in the past.
• ( Time of action should be mentioned)
• We bought this car last Sunday.
• He came to my house day before yesterday.
• She washed clothes in the morning.
• He passed B.Com. in 1995.
• They painted our flat last month.
• I lived here for 10 years. ( I don’t live now )
• I have lived here for 10 years. ( I still live )

17. Past Simple Tense
• 2 When two actions take place at the same time.
• As soon as I called him, he ran away.
• When Mr. Shah came here, I gave your message.
• When I reached there, he started shouting.
• No sooner did I reach the station, than the train left the
station.
• No sooner I reached (X)

18. Past Simple Tense
• 3 Habitual or regular action of the past.
• We played football every Sunday when we were in school.
• He went for a walk every morning last winter.
• He visited us every Sunday when he lived here.
• I swam in the sea everyday when I was in Goa.

19. 4 Past Simple Tense
• To narrate an incident.
He came in, showed me a gun, took my money
and ran away.
He came into the room,decided to go to college,
collected his books and reached college.
He sat in the chair, took a magazine and started
reading it.

20. Past continuous Tense
• To show that action was in progress at some time
or during some time in the past.
• We were learning English between 9 and 10 yesterday.
• When he came to my house, I was reading.
• When Mayur reached there, they were playing cricket.
• While I was going to market, I saw that accident.
• While they were playing cricket, he got injured.
• While Bhim was watching TV, Arjun came.
• When Arjun came, Bhim was watching TV.
• He was always teasing me so I got angry.

21. Past Perfect Tense
• When two actions took place one after the
other in the past, the first action should be in
past perfect .
• When the doctor came, the patient had died.
• ( patient died first )
• When the patient died, the doctor had come.
• ( doctor arrived first )
• When you came to my house, I had gone out.
• When we reached there, the train had left the station.
• When Rajiv went there, they had taken lunch.
• If you had worked hard,you would have got success.

22. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
• When action in the past was in progress
from some time at some time, the past
perfect continuous tense is used.
• When he came, I had been reading since 7 a.m.
• He said that they had been playing cricket since
morning.
• When Rajan came home, Nila had been cooking
for three hours.
• When I reached there, he had been waiting for me
for two hours.

23. Future Simple Tense
• To show the idea of a future action.
• We shall go on a picnic if we get a holiday next week.
• I think he will help us.
• I hope he will get success this time.
• I f we get tickets, we shall go to the movie.
• I shall go to the movie.
I will go to the movie.
• He shall go to school
• If you don’t take this medicine,you will die. ( Advice )
If you don’t do this, you shall die. ( Firmness )
• I will come to your house this Sunday. ( Promise )
( Firmness).

24. Future Continuous Tense
• When action will be in progress at some time or
during some time in future , FC is used.
• I shall be taking lunch when you come back.
• When we reach there, they will be waiting for us.
• We shall be learning English between 8 and 9 tomorrow.
• When Rina comes back, Madhav will be cooking.
• Tomorrow at this time we shall be playing.

25. Future Perfect Tense
• Action will be over at some time in future, FP is
used.
• When we reach there, they will have gone.
• When Mayur comes back, Mina will have cooked food.
• We shall have seen this movie before this Sunday.
• When you come back, I shall have finished this work,
• They will have reached Bombay before evening.

26. Future Perfect Continuous
• Action will be in progress at some time
from some time, FPC is used.
• When you come back, I shall have been reading for
three hours.
• When we reach there, they will have been waiting for us
for two hours.
• When we reach Delhi, we shall have been travelling for
three days.
• This Saturday we shall have been learning English for
eight days.

27. Sequence of Tenses : Rule 1
If the main clause is in the past tense, the
sub clause must be in the past except the
sub clause is a universal truth.
He told me that he will go to Bombay. ( X )
would
He said that he can drive the car. ( X )
could
The teacher taught us that the earth is round.
He advised me that hard work does not kill
anybody. Uni. Truth

28. Sequence of tenses : Rule 2
• If the main clause is in the present or
in the future, the sub clause may be in
any tense according to meaning.
• He says that he is not going.
He says that he was not going.
He says that he will not go.
He said that he was not going. ( is --> was)
He said that he would not go. (will--->would)