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CONFIDENTIAL
The Japanese Market - 

Meeting Requirements
Hiroki Kawano, Memsource
35
CONFIDENTIAL
Japan Market
36
CONFIDENTIAL
「語学ビジネス」の国内市場規模は約8,000億円

Language Business Market in Japan is about $7,300M
37
出典:株式会社矢野経済研究所『語学ビジネス市場に関する調査結果 2015』2015.7.29
語学ビジネス市場規模/Language Business Market in Japan (単位/UNIT:億円 $0.9M)
市場分野/Market Segment FY2013 FY2014 FY2015(est.)
成人向け外国語教育市場
Education for Adults
2,077 2,080 2,090
幼児・子ども向け外国語教育市場
Education for Kids
1,281 1,334 1,487
学習教材

Learning Materials
1,849 1,767 1,667
語学試験市場

Examination of Foreign languages
205 214 230
留学斡旋市場

Supporting Study in Abroad
190 200 220
通訳・翻訳ビジネス市場
Translation & Interpretation
2,487 2,536 2,577
合計 Total 8,089 8,131 8,271
CONFIDENTIAL
翻訳ビジネスの対象言語ペアは80%が日英/英日

Language Pair of Translation Market in Japan: About 80% is for EN JP
• English
• Chinese
• German
• Spanish
• French
• Portugese
• Italian
• Korean
• Russian
• Indonesia
38
Source: JTF Journal, No.279 Sep./Oct. 2015 “Hearing from Translators”
n = 129, replied in July 2 - 12, 2015
CONFIDENTIAL
Translation Quality
39
CONFIDENTIAL
課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters?
• 直接評価するのは納品先の顧客だが読者は別にいる
• 翻訳業者は最初、読者によかれと思って翻訳する(基準A)
• 得意先の担当者は別の基準Bでこれを修正する
• 基準Aと基準Bが異なるとき、翻訳業者は苦しむ
• LSP have to satisfy the Clients and Audience
• LSP at first set their focus on satisfying Audience (Standard A)
• But Sometimes Clients do not agree Standard A (Standard B)
• When A ≠ B, LSP have a hard time
40
翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
CONFIDENTIAL
課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters?
• この苦しみは正解がない→なぜなら翻訳規範に絶対がないから
• 言語学では「正しい」表現はない、と認識されている
• にもかかわらず多くの人は「正しい」表現があると考えている
• 真実は「正しい」表現ではなく「共有された」認識があるだけ
• Why this happens? Because there is no Absolute Translation Norm
• In Linguistics, there is no “Correct” Translation Norm
• But Ordinary People believes there IS “Correct” Translation Norm
• The Truth is : We have only “Commonly Shared” Translation Norm
41
翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
CONFIDENTIAL
課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters?
• ソシュールの学説1:パロールの蓄積がラングを形成する
• ソシュールの学説2:ラングは通時的に変化する
• 日本人は明治維新において大幅な言語規範の変更を経験した
• 翻訳現場で絶対視されている翻訳規範も必要があれば変化する
• Langue and Parole (Ferdinand de Saussure)
• Langue changes (Ferdinand de Saussure)
• Japan experienced Giant Change in Translation Norm in Meiji
Restoration
• Japanese Translation Norm can change again, if needed
42
翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
CONFIDENTIAL
課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters?
• この原則を理解したうえで現場の問題にもどる。
• 得意先が翻訳規範の相対性を認識していないときに悲劇が起きる
• 得意先の担当者を説得できるのであればよいがそれは無理
• でもこの構造を理解すれば翻訳業者は自分を責めなくなる
• Back in Ordinarily Scene in LSP Business
• If Clients does not understand the this flexibility of Translation Norm
• If LSP can change the Clients, they were happy. But little hope.
• But Understanding this situation will save LSP from feeling bad.
43
翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
CONFIDENTIAL
課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters?
• できればもうすこしマシな翻訳規範の共有方法があればすごくよい
• クラウドソーシングによる翻訳評価がそれかもしれない
• DQFが得意先と翻訳業者の翻訳規範の共有にプラスになるとよい
• We need better sharing method of Translation Norm
• Crowdsourcing solution of evaluation of Translation may change this
• I hope DQF will help to change this situation
44
翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
CONFIDENTIAL
Machine Translation Quality
45
CONFIDENTIAL
翻訳支援ツールにおけるMT利用は当り前になりつつある
46
1 15 language combinations with high MT use in Memsource 08/18/2015
http://blog.memsource.com/post-editing-in-memsource/
CONFIDENTIAL
機械翻訳の品質基準を再考する

Re-Thinking Translation Quality Standard in Machine Translation
• BLEUなどは人間翻訳が基準
• それでいいのか?そもそもプロ翻訳者が求める訳といえるか?
• プロ翻訳者といっても各自の翻訳規範はばらついている
• もっと大勢によるクラウドソーシング評価ができればよい
• BLEU score also depends upon Human Translation
• Is Professional Translator’s translation can become Norm?
• Even professional Translators do not have a single Norm
• So The Crowdsourcing of Translation Evaluation in MT is Also wanted
47

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The Japanese Market - Meeting Requirements, by Hiroki Kawano, Memsource

  • 1. CONFIDENTIAL The Japanese Market - 
 Meeting Requirements Hiroki Kawano, Memsource 35
  • 3. CONFIDENTIAL 「語学ビジネス」の国内市場規模は約8,000億円
 Language Business Market in Japan is about $7,300M 37 出典:株式会社矢野経済研究所『語学ビジネス市場に関する調査結果 2015』2015.7.29 語学ビジネス市場規模/Language Business Market in Japan (単位/UNIT:億円 $0.9M) 市場分野/Market Segment FY2013 FY2014 FY2015(est.) 成人向け外国語教育市場 Education for Adults 2,077 2,080 2,090 幼児・子ども向け外国語教育市場 Education for Kids 1,281 1,334 1,487 学習教材
 Learning Materials 1,849 1,767 1,667 語学試験市場
 Examination of Foreign languages 205 214 230 留学斡旋市場
 Supporting Study in Abroad 190 200 220 通訳・翻訳ビジネス市場 Translation & Interpretation 2,487 2,536 2,577 合計 Total 8,089 8,131 8,271
  • 4. CONFIDENTIAL 翻訳ビジネスの対象言語ペアは80%が日英/英日
 Language Pair of Translation Market in Japan: About 80% is for EN JP • English • Chinese • German • Spanish • French • Portugese • Italian • Korean • Russian • Indonesia 38 Source: JTF Journal, No.279 Sep./Oct. 2015 “Hearing from Translators” n = 129, replied in July 2 - 12, 2015
  • 6. CONFIDENTIAL 課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters? • 直接評価するのは納品先の顧客だが読者は別にいる • 翻訳業者は最初、読者によかれと思って翻訳する(基準A) • 得意先の担当者は別の基準Bでこれを修正する • 基準Aと基準Bが異なるとき、翻訳業者は苦しむ • LSP have to satisfy the Clients and Audience • LSP at first set their focus on satisfying Audience (Standard A) • But Sometimes Clients do not agree Standard A (Standard B) • When A ≠ B, LSP have a hard time 40 翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
  • 7. CONFIDENTIAL 課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters? • この苦しみは正解がない→なぜなら翻訳規範に絶対がないから • 言語学では「正しい」表現はない、と認識されている • にもかかわらず多くの人は「正しい」表現があると考えている • 真実は「正しい」表現ではなく「共有された」認識があるだけ • Why this happens? Because there is no Absolute Translation Norm • In Linguistics, there is no “Correct” Translation Norm • But Ordinary People believes there IS “Correct” Translation Norm • The Truth is : We have only “Commonly Shared” Translation Norm 41 翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
  • 8. CONFIDENTIAL 課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters? • ソシュールの学説1:パロールの蓄積がラングを形成する • ソシュールの学説2:ラングは通時的に変化する • 日本人は明治維新において大幅な言語規範の変更を経験した • 翻訳現場で絶対視されている翻訳規範も必要があれば変化する • Langue and Parole (Ferdinand de Saussure) • Langue changes (Ferdinand de Saussure) • Japan experienced Giant Change in Translation Norm in Meiji Restoration • Japanese Translation Norm can change again, if needed 42 翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
  • 9. CONFIDENTIAL 課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters? • この原則を理解したうえで現場の問題にもどる。 • 得意先が翻訳規範の相対性を認識していないときに悲劇が起きる • 得意先の担当者を説得できるのであればよいがそれは無理 • でもこの構造を理解すれば翻訳業者は自分を責めなくなる • Back in Ordinarily Scene in LSP Business • If Clients does not understand the this flexibility of Translation Norm • If LSP can change the Clients, they were happy. But little hope. • But Understanding this situation will save LSP from feeling bad. 43 翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
  • 10. CONFIDENTIAL 課題としての翻訳品質 How Translation Quality matters? • できればもうすこしマシな翻訳規範の共有方法があればすごくよい • クラウドソーシングによる翻訳評価がそれかもしれない • DQFが得意先と翻訳業者の翻訳規範の共有にプラスになるとよい • We need better sharing method of Translation Norm • Crowdsourcing solution of evaluation of Translation may change this • I hope DQF will help to change this situation 44 翻訳会社の現場経験より Lessons Learned from LSP business
  • 12. CONFIDENTIAL 翻訳支援ツールにおけるMT利用は当り前になりつつある 46 1 15 language combinations with high MT use in Memsource 08/18/2015 http://blog.memsource.com/post-editing-in-memsource/
  • 13. CONFIDENTIAL 機械翻訳の品質基準を再考する
 Re-Thinking Translation Quality Standard in Machine Translation • BLEUなどは人間翻訳が基準 • それでいいのか?そもそもプロ翻訳者が求める訳といえるか? • プロ翻訳者といっても各自の翻訳規範はばらついている • もっと大勢によるクラウドソーシング評価ができればよい • BLEU score also depends upon Human Translation • Is Professional Translator’s translation can become Norm? • Even professional Translators do not have a single Norm • So The Crowdsourcing of Translation Evaluation in MT is Also wanted 47