TCI 2014 Mexico and Latin American Economies
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By Amado Villarreal, Monterrey Tech, presented at the 17th TCI Global Conference, Monterrey 2014.
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TCI 2014 Mexico and Latin American Economies
- 1. Mexico and Latin American Economies Amado Villarreal Mexico and Latin American Economies 11 November 2014
- 2. MMeexxiiccoo aanndd LLaattiinn AAmmeerriiccaann EEccoonnoommiieess AAmmaaddoo VViillllaarrrreeaall 1177tthh TTCCII GGlloobbaall CCoonnffeerreennccee MMoonntteerrrreeyy,, NN..LL.. MMééxxiiccoo
- 3. Contenido 1. Mexico’s Strategic Sectors 2. Latin America’s Strategic Sectors 3. Common Strategic Sectors and Future 4. Policy Implications: Icluster – Mexico - Texas 5. Conclusions Page 3 YOUR LOGO
- 4. 1. Mexico STRATEGIC SECTORS
- 5. MEXICAN STRATEGIC SECTORS No. CLUSTER PE CEI CAIE TLCAN 1 Transportation equipment cluster (Automotive and Autoparts • • • • 2 Electronic cluster • • • • 3 Plastics • • • 4 Tourism cluster • • • • 5 Obtaining and processing of non-metallic minerals and fuels • • • 6 Food, beverages, confectionery and snuff • • • • 7 Chemical manufacturing cluster • • • • 8 Obtaining and processing of metal ores and metal products • • • • Fuente: Amado, Villarreal (2013). Identificación de Oportunidades Estratégicos de Desarrollo para México
- 6. 2. Latin America STRATEGIC SECTORS
- 7. Latin America – Strategic Sectors More than 90% of exports from Latin America are concentrated in the following eight strategic sectors. Exports - 2012 Argentina Colombia Chile Brazil Mexico Energy 10.91% 57.24% 24.06% 26.19% 14.10% Automotive 12.00% 1.40% 0.90% 8.63% 18.52% Electronics 3.27% 1.95% 1.20% 7.89% 36.75% Obtaining and processing of metal ores and metal products 7.80% 11.06% 42.12% 9.35% 8.32% Agribusiness 52.98% 14.91% 18.34% 31.85% 6.52% Chemical manufacturing 9.17% 7.79% 4.81% 8.08% 6.04% Wood Products 1.26% 1.74% 7.16% 4.81% 0.66% Source: The Atlas of Economic Complexity. Harvard University, with World Trade Data, UN. Page 7 YOUR LOGO
- 8. Trade between Latin America and the rest of the World Mexico, Colombia, Brazil and Chile export less than 10% of its products to Latin American countries Source: The atlas of economic complexity Page 8 YOUR LOGO
- 9. 3. COMMON STRATEGIC SECTORS AND FUTURES Page 9 YOUR LOGO
- 10. Technological Megatrends Impact Technology push The comercialization of a scientific or technologic innovation in a defined market. Clusters Agro – Food -Medical Biotechnology Intelligent materials and Surface Engineering MEMs Micro and Nanotechnology New Energy Technologies Energy Automotive and Autoparts Electronics Agribusiness Obtaining and processing of metal ores and metal products Chemical manufacturing Wood Products
- 12. Region’s composition Region Mexico : Monterrey-Saltillo-Laredo-Reynosa 1. Mexico 2. Latin America 3. Strategic Sector 4. Icluster – Latin America 5. Conclusion . Region United States : Dallas – Houston – San Antonio - Austin Strategic Clusters BUSINESS SERVICES CLUSTER CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING CLUSTER LOGISTIC CLUSTER TOURISM CLUSTER MAQUINARY AND EQUIPMENT CLUSTER ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT CLUSTER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT CLUSTER MEDICAL SERVICES CLUSTER ENERGY, OIL AND GAS CLUSTER. Page 12 YOUR LOGO
- 13. ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT CLUSTER The quantity of business located on the US and Mexico is very similar. End Products and Intermediate Products companies are alike in both regions. This is a proxy of complementarity in both regions. The following slide shows a list of companies of the cluster. Productive Chain Texas Mexico End products 220 196 Intermediate products 289 388 Main inputs 1,267 1,666 Marketing - 16,629 Services for the cluster supply chain 40,767 12,627 Related industries 1,264 Page 13 YOUR LOGO 309 In general, this analysis is a primer on the binational value chains, showing some evidence of complementarity and identifying possible puntual areas of opportunity to design binational regional economic development strategies.
- 14. MEXICO AND LATIN AMERICA CONCLUSION
- 15. Regional Economic Development Strategies 1.It is essential to define the productive potential opportunities of the Latin American countries; 1.Guide policy to strengthen strategic sectors or clusters and 1.Guide efforts to accumulate core competencies around the tech trends that have more impact on the strategic sectors and 2.Create value through inserting the Latin American economy in the knowledge economy and on the global value chain.
Notas del editor
- Thank you very much for the invitation to this conference. The presentation that I prepared is based on the definition of strategic sectors for Mexico and Latinamerica, sectors where we need to focalize our efforts and industrial development strategies.
- I organized my presentation in the following 5 points, first of all I will talk about the Mexican Strategic Sectors, then I will talk about the Latinamerican Strategic Sectors, combining these results with the third section, that define the actual sectors or clusters and the implications for the future, what are the tech trends more relevant in the near future. Finally I will talk about binational industrial or multinational industrial policy, and final conclusions.
- In the following section, I will present the results of a study, where we identify the strategic sectors of México.
- Using different regional cuantitative analysis tools, like location indexes, shift-share analysis and input-output analysis we identify 8 strategic sectors or clusters for the Mexican Economy, where two of them are related and concentrated in the south of Mexico (are the cases of Tourism and the Food Sectors), other 3 clusters are close related with the Energy Sector, showing the importance of the recent Energy Reform in Mexico, promising a high impact at least in the level of the economic growth in Mexico. As you can see, three sector are very related with the energy sector, basically conformed by Extraction of Oil and Generation and Distribution of Eletricity, these three sectors are the following: Plastics, Processing of non-metalic minerals and fuels and the Chemical Industry. These three sectors shows weak linkages with the rest of the economy, however this situation will change with the recent constitutional reform on energy in Mexico. The reform in energy will provide an increase of the potentail of the mexican economic growth, through Platics, processing of non-metalic minerals and fuels and the chemical industry; then on the industries reated with obtaining and processing metal products, automotive and autoparts and electronics, and finally affacting the food idustry and tourism.
- In the following section, I want to show a similar analysis, but in this case based on exports data, trying to identify the startegic sectors for Latin America.
- According with the following table, we can identify similar sectors, among them : energy, automotive, electronics, obtaining and processing of metal and metal products, agiobusiness, and chemicals. More than 90% of exports are concentated in theses sectores.
- Following the numbers, to where this 5 latin american economies export, we can see that Mexico and Colombia concentrate the exports on USA, Brazil and Chile in Asia mainly in China, and just Argentina basically on other Latinamerican markets. This basic analysis, provide us the importance of USA and Asia as the main markets to attend and retain for the future development of the Latinamerican Economies; but also reveals the lack of trade among Latinamerican Countries, and the necessity of regional complementarity to attend the Latinamerican market. The first idea reinforce the necessity to attain higher levels of research and development to continue attending the biggest markets in the world, the second show us the necessity of allligned efforts to reinforce and integrate Latinamerican Value Chains.
- In this section, I will remark the strategic sectors that we are talking about, but now I will connect this sectors with the future challenges.
- According with Latinamerican Strategic Sectors, we can identify the most important tech trends, according with impact matrix showed in the following table. These tech trends are: Biotechnology Intelligent materials Micro Electromechanical Components Nanotechnology New Energy Technologies The concentration on these technologies, developing capabilities on the latinamerican economies, will reinforce the strategic sectors just mentioned, increasing the complexity of the latinamerican strategic sectors, keeping the exports markets through getting more value along the global value chains.
- According with these ideas, thinking on the importance of adquiring capabilities to sophisticate the latinamerican economies trough getting more value along the global value chains, I will present the following iniciative, associated with MUSEIC, Mexico US Enterpreneurship and Innovation Council, that we are collaborating now.
- As an example, we can see in the map on the left, the Monterrey-Saltillo Corridor and the Border of Tamaulipas State, we identify on this corridor the different economic activities that conform the strartegic clusters or sector, at the same time we applied the same metodology identifing the strategic economic activities in the Texas state, and basically we found very similar sectors or clusters that is possible to complement and integrate. Those sectors are: All of this show us the importance of the regional economic analysis in the identification of specific sectors.
- In this slide, I just show an example of the binational strategic cluster between northeast of Mexico and the main economic subregions in Texas, each point in the maps represents stablishments on both sides of the border, in the table the number of them along the value chain, clearly there is an economic complemetarity, that is possible to foster through armonized and coordianated industrial policies that can create better conditions for economic development of this Mexico –US region. In general, this analysis is a primer on the binational value chains, showing some evidence of complementarity and identifying possible puntual areas of opportunity to design binational regional economic development strategies.