The document discusses safety, security, hazards and risks. It defines safety and security, and explains why they are important. It describes different types of hazards like natural, technological, social and their various classifications. It also defines risk and discusses how hazards are identified and quantified. The conclusion emphasizes that safety and security are very important in life and people should try their best to avoid risks and protect themselves from various challenges.

1. Presented by :
• Shalini saini
• Madhura nichat
• Harshit
• Sharfraz
• Gaurav sharma

2. Contents
OSafety
OSecurity of life
OHazard
OClassification of hazards
OStandardization
ORisk

3. Safety
Safety is a state in which hazards and conditions leading to
physical, psychological or material harm are controlled in
order to preserve the health and well-being of individuals
and the community. It is an essential resource for everyday
life, needed by individuals and communities to realise their
aspirations.

4. Security of life
Providing comfortable conditions of
humans’ existence on each stage of
life cycle and legislative permissible
levels of health and environment effect
of negative factors.

5. Why is safety and security
needed in our life ?
Good safety regulations encourage both workers
and employers to protect each other's well-being
and financial health. It takes mutual effort to keep
everyone safe and productive. Why are
health, safety, and security important in the
workplace? Because every business benefits from
caring about them.

6. How to Remain safe and secure in
life
O Remember your own self-care skills.
O Grieve
O Surround yourself with the people who make you feel
supported and safe.
O Help the greater good
O Be a safe space
O Smile and honor those who just want to be loved.
O Keep a gratitude journal.
O Remember that NO means NO.

7. What is Hazard ?
• Hazard :A danger or risk . It is the result of exposure of
certain factor on human.
• Potential hazard is the universal property of the process of
humans’ cooperation with the environment of the existence
on each stage of life cycle.
The axiom determines that all human actions and all
components of existent environment, besides their positive
properties and results, have also the ability to generate
negative factors

8. Factors of hazard
ODamage – are the factors, which may cause
the death;
ODangerous – are the factors, which may cause
traumas or other kinds of sudden worsening of
health of the worker;
OHarmful - are the factors, influence of which
may cause worsening of health, decreasing of
working capacity.

9. Classification of hazard
O According to origin (natural, technogenic, social, political);
O According to time of manifestation (impulsive, cumulative);
O According to localization (space, atmosphere, lithosphere,
hydrosphere);
O According to consequences (diseases, traumas, death,
decreasing of normal physical, mental, emotional level of
human life activity);
O According to type (social, technical, ecological);
O According to sphere of manifestation (domestic, industrial,
service, sport, traffic);
O According to structure (simple, complex, derivatives);
O According to health effect (active, passive).

10. Hazards of natural origin (ecological factors):
O Climatic – Depend from meteorological conditions, the level
of solar activity, movement of air mass, hard rains and so
on.
O Soil – Are determined by the peculiarities of different types
of soil, possibilities of soil erosion, landslip, landslide.
O Geomorphologic – Are caused by the peculiarities of the
buildings of geological structures of the Earth, relief, turn for
earthquakes or volcanoes.
O Biotic – The influence of dangerous representatives of flora
and fauna, viruses, microbes.

11. Types of Hazards
O Hazards of Technogenic origin:It includes those hazards
that are created by human.
O Hazards of social origin:They are those hazards that limit a
population's access to health services, water, food, and
transportation, all of which are determinants of health. They
also often lead to a lack of safety and tend to come hand in
hand with natural disasters such as floods.

12. Hazards of Technogenic origin
O Technical :Include hazardous materials incidents and nuclear power
plant failures. Usually, little or no warning precedes incidents
O Sanitary-hygienic: Hazard is anything that has the potential to cause
harm. From an occupational hygiene perspective, focus is placed
on hazards that can affect the individual.
O Organizational:These are hazards or stressors that cause stress (short-
term effects) and strain (long-term effects) to employees during the
course of their work.
O Psychophysiological:Are hazards that can negatively impact on a
worker's health and safety include: work-related stress. work-related
bullying. work-related violence. work-related fatigue.

13. Hazards of social origin
O Legal: legal hazard is an increase in the possibility of a loss because
of legal action:
O Ethno-social:called complex emergencies, seriously limit a population's
access to health services, water, food, and transportation, all of which are
determinants of health.
O Informational-psychological:A psychological hazard is a situation,
condition or thing that may affect the mental health of the worker and
impact the worker's ability to work in a healthy and safe manner.
O Political:These include taxes, spending, regulation, currency valuation,
trade tariffs, labor laws such as the minimum wage, and environmental
regulations.

14. What are composite hazards ?
O Natural-technogenic hazards (smog, acid rains, ozone
holes, soil erosions, appearing of deserts, dust storms,
earthquakes).
O Natural-social hazards (drug abuse, AIDS, venereal
diseases, epidemics of inflectional diseases).
O Social- technogenic hazards (professional diseases,
professional traumatism, mental disorder and diseases
connected with professional activity and influence of mass
media).

15. Points To remember about hazards
O Hazards’ identification – is the determination of the hazards’ type and
ascertainment of its characteristic, necessary for the development of
measures for liquidation and removing of the consequences.
O Hazards’ quantification – is the introduction of quantitative characteristics for
the assessment of the stage of the hazard. Quantitative assessment of the
hazard is the stage of risk.
Risk (R)- is quantitative assessment of the hazard.
Quantitative assessment of the hazard- is correlation of the number of any
unfavorable consequences after the hazard realization to their possible
number for the determined period:
R=N/n,
N – the number of people, who may be effected after the hazard realization;
n- the number of people, who were effected after the hazard realization.
O Individual risk characterizes the stage of concrete hazard realization for
independent individual.
O Social risk is the stage of concrete hazard realization for social group of
population.

16. Risk
O Risk is the chance or probability that a
person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.
It may also apply to situations with property
or equipment loss, or harmful effects on the
environment.

17. Conclusion
Safety and security is very important in life.we have try
our level best to be safe by trying our level best to
avoid all the risks and all sort of addictions. Challenges
such as, cyber-crime, terrorism, and environmental
disasters impact the lives of millions across the
globe.We have to come over this by securing
ourselves…REMAIN SAFE AND SECURED