8. 10 JCT 2(1) 2007
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¢Õß ª√—™≠“ Epistemology ·≈– Instructional design (µàÕ)
ª√—™≠“ Epistemology Instructional design
Constructivism √Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß°“√ Õπ - Macro design À√◊Õ°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫ ≈”¥—∫°“√‡√’¬π
(µàÕ) °“√ Õπ (Instructional sequence) ·≈– Micro design
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∫√‘∫∑ ¿“æ®√‘ß∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π
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¢âÕµ°≈߇∫◊Õßµâπ¢Õß Epistemology ¢ÕߧÕπ µ√—§µ‘« µå
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∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫∑ƒ…Æ’°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ‡™àπ Situated
cognition in the real world contexts(The task is not
isolated, but is the part of a larger contexts, The real
worldness of the contexts and The environmental
contexts), Cognitive apprenticeship ·≈–Construction
of multiple perspective
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- ‡æ◊Õ°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√𔧫“¡√Ÿ®“°
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‡π◊ÈÕÀ“‰ª„™â„π ¿“æ®√‘ß
- µ√«® Õ∫°√–∫«π°“√§‘¥ (Thinking process)
- µ√«® Õ∫°≈¬ÿ∑∏å°“√·°âªí≠À“∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
¢Õß Novice ·≈– Expert
- √–¥—∫°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡√Ÿâ¢ÕߺŸâ‡√’¬π
- §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√Õ∏‘∫“¬·≈–„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈„π°“√
µ—¥ ‘π„®¢Õßµπ‡Õß ∑’𔉪 Ÿ°“√æ—≤π“ Metacognition
Ë à
Instructional design ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ ®”‡ªì𠇙◊ËÕ∑’Ë´àÕπÕ¬Ÿà¿“¬„µâ°“√π”∑ƒ…Æ’ À≈—°°“√‡À≈à“π—Èπ
µâÕßÕ“»—¬æ◊Èπ∞“π®“° ∑ƒ…Æ’°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ·≈–À√◊Õ ‰ª„™â¢Õßπ—°ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈–æ—≤π“ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ‚¥¬ “°≈
æÿ ∑ ∏‘ ªí ≠ ≠“ (Cognition) ·≈–°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫∑’Ë ¡’ ¢Õß‚≈° ·≈â« ®– –∑âÕπ∂÷ß Epistemology À√◊Õ
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ®–‡°‘¥¢÷π‰¥â ∂â“π—°ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈–æ—≤π“
È °“√°”‡π‘¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ∑’ˇªìπª√—™≠“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡√Ÿâ
‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√ ‚¥¬µ√–Àπ—°∂÷߉¡à‡æ’¬ß·µà∑ƒ…Æ’∑‡’Ë ªìπ ∑ƒ…Æ’„¥Ê°Áµ“¡ ®–µâÕߪ√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà„π·π«§‘¥∑’ˇ√“
æ◊π∞“π∑’ ”§—≠‡∑à“π—π·µà®–µâÕß –∑âÕπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ𧫓¡
È Ë È √â“ߧ«“¡À¡“¬„π°“√√Ÿâ¢Õßµπ‡Õß ´÷Ë߇ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“„π
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9. ª√—™≠“·Ààߧ«“¡√Ÿâ(Epistemology): ®“°ª√—™≠“ Ÿà°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘
11
°“√𔧫“¡√Ÿâ„¥Ê ‰ª„™â ‡√“¡—°®–‰¡à‰¥âµ√–Àπ—°∂÷ß ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡
√“°∞“π Epistemology „π∫∑§«“¡π’È ºŸ‡â ¢’¬π§‘¥«à“ ‡ªìπ Duffy,T.M. and Jonassen, D.H. (1992).
‘ß®”‡ªìπ ∑’π°ÕÕ°·∫∫ µâÕßµ√–Àπ—°∂÷ß æ◊π∞“π√“°
Ë Ë — È Constructivism: Implications for
¢Õߪ√—™≠“ ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ Epistemology ∑’˪√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà Instructional Technology. In T.M. Duffy,
¿“¬„µâ°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫°“√®—¥°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ‡æ√“–∂â“ D.H.Jonassen, (ed), Constructivism and the
π—°ÕÕ°·∫∫·≈–æ—≤π“ ‰¡àµ√–Àπ—°√Ÿâ«à“ æ◊Èπ∞“π ‘Ëß∑’Ë Technology of Instruction: A Conversation,
‡√“ÕÕ°·∫∫æ—≤π“ ¡’√“°∞“π¡“®“°§«“¡‡™◊Õ ª√—™≠“ Ë Lawrence Erlbaum: New Jersey.
„¥·≈â « ∑à “ π®–‡™◊Ë Õ ¡—Ë π „π°“√µ— ¥ ‘ π „®«à “ ∑ƒ…Æ’ Harold H. (1968). Living Issues in Philosophy.
°“√‡√’¬π√ŸÀ√◊Õ∑ƒ…Æ’ÕπÊ ∑’∑“π®–„™â¡§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡
â ◊Ë Ë à ’ New Delhi, Eurasia Publishing House Ltd.
Õ¥§≈âÕßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à? ∑à“π®–„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈«à“ ∑à“ππ” Patrick. G.T.W. (1961). Introduction to Philosophy.
æ◊Èπ∞“π„¥¡“‡ªìπ‡°≥±å„π°“√µ—¥ ‘π„® London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd,
Roderick M. Chisholm. (1966) Theory of Knowledge.
The United States of America: Prentice-Hall.
von Glesersfeld,E.(1988). The Reluctance to
Change away of Thinking. Iris Journal
of Psychology, 9.83-90.
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