Clean production techniques and environmental strategies that lead towards a green economy

1. Group 4
Green economies, Clean Prodction & Carbon foot print

2. Clean Production

3. Clean production
 By definition, it is the continuous application of an intergrated,preventive
environmental strategy towards processes, products and services in order
to increase overall efficiency and reduce damage and risks for humans
and the environment(U.N.E.P)
 If properly implemented it always reduces long term liabilities companies
can face many years after pollution has been generated or disposed at a
given site.
 If properly implemented it results in increased profitability, lower production
costs, enhances productivity etc.
 Clean production can be applied in practice by many ways which include :

4. Clean production contin....
1. Good house keeping by taking good management and operational actions
to prevent leaks, spills etc.
2. Input substitution by using less toxic materials, renewable resources etc.
3. Equipment modification to have lower waste and emission generation
rates.
4. Product modification to minimize the environmental impacts of the product
during or after its use (disposal)

5. Clean production categories

11. Benefits of Clean Production

12. 1. Reduces waste treatment.
2. Saves companies on raw materials ,energy and water.
3. More profit.
4. Lower production costs.
5. Enhances productivity.
6. Leads to more efficient use of energy and raw materials.
7. Improved product quality.

13. Case study : Murray Ohio Manufacturing
company
 A company that produces lawn mowers and bicycles.
 They wanted to develop ways of reducing scrap metal.
 Used chlorinated oil with an additive of graphite to create heightened
lubricity.
 Looked at two different chemicals, Dry coating product and Cold Kote.
 Cold Kote had some benefits which included:
1. Scrap metal went from 9% to 1/10 of 1%.
2. Tool life increased from 30%-50 %
3. Polish time went from 3 days to once a day.

14.  The removal of Cold Kote was used with a warm alkaline bath.
 Cold Kote becomes solid once its applied therefore reducing the amount
of spilling and dripping.
 Non oil lubricant reduces toxicity of company’s waste stream.

15. Questions
1. Any three benefits a company may acquire as a result of practices of clean
production.
2. Why should you even think about clean production?

16. Answers
1. A company should consider clean production because it makes their
standards a little higher in quality than others. Saving cost and increasing
production also.
2. One of the benefits of clean production in the end the company may not
have to shell out money to remove the waste when the waste has been
already eliminated on the first(Zero Emission Strategy)

17. Carbon Foot Print

18. Definition
 The total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly
support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons
of carbon dioxide (CO2).
 Carbon footprints are measured in tones of carbon dioxide
equivalent(Equivalent means the foot print is made up of a number of
different green house gases, which have ben converted into equivalent
quantity of carbon dioxide in order to show all emissions in a single
number)

19. Green House gases
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 Methane (CH4)
 Nitrous oxide (N2O)
 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
 Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

20. How can they be emitted into the
environment
 Transport.
 Land clearance.
 Production and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods,
materials, wood, roads, buildings, and services.

21. Why carry out Carbon Foot Print ?
1. For publicly reporting greenhouse gas emissions.
2. To identify which activities contribute the most to a footprint (in order to
identify the important areas for reduction efforts).
3. In order to measure changes in emissions over time, and to monitor the
effectiveness of reduction activities.
4. To offset emissions (in order to offset emissions it is necessary to know
how many reductions credits to purchase).

22. Calculating Carbon Foot Print
1. Organizational assessments involve quantifying the direct and indirect
emissions associated with an organization.
2. Direct emissions are those from the combustion of fossil fuels in
equipment or vehicles owned by the organization,
3. Indirect emissions are all emissions which are the result of an
organization's activities, but which are emitted from facilities or vehicles
owned by third parties (e.g. an organization's electricity consumption
indirectly causes emissions at the electricity generating plant, which is
owned by a third party).
4. Product assessments involve quantifying all the emissions associated with
a product. It includes all emissions from the extraction of the raw materials,
processing, manufacturing, and delivery to retailers/customers, or all
emissions associated with consumer use and final disposal of the product.

23. HOW CAN WE REDUCE GHG’s
EMMISIONS
 The most common way to reduce the carbon footprint of humans is by 4R
theory.
1. Reuse.
2. Reduse.
3. Recycle.
4. Refuse

24. Reuse
 Using reusable items such as thermoses for daily coffee or plastic
containers for water and other cold beverages rather than disposable
ones. If that option isn't available, it is best to properly recycle the
disposable items after use.

25. Reduse
 DRIVE LESS. By walking or biking to the destination rather than driving,
not only is a person going to save money on gas, but they will be burning
less fuel and releasing fewer emissions into the atmosphere.
 Use less air conditioning and heating in the home. By adding insulation to
the walls.

26. Recycle
 Recycling the packing materials, by selling the obsolete inventory of one
industry to the industry who is looking to buy unused items at lesser price
to become competitive. Nothing should be disposed off into the soil, all the
ferrous materials which are prone to degrade or oxidize with time should
be sold as early as possible at reduced price.

28. Case study Okhurst Dairy
 Since 1921, the Bennett family has run Oakhurst Dairy by the motto "The
Natural Goodness of Maine“. Oakhurst is known for their quality, integrity
and freshness.
 Oakhurst is the only truly local major dairy in Northern New England and
Eastern Massachusetts. Headquartered in Portland, ME.
 All milk is sourced from local farms in Maine and Northern New England.
 Oakhurst Products include Milk, plus milk, cottage cheese, sour cream,
juices, cream products.

29. Oakhurst Carbon Footprint history
 In 2007 Pure Strategies calculated O khurst’s carbon footprint for a case of
milk for Walmart.
 80% emissions from farm. Remainder from plant and transport.
 They calculated and reported carbon footprint 2007‐present.

30. Typical Facility S1 & S2 GHG Emission
Sources
 Electricity.
 Refrigerants (HFCs)
 Stationary Source Fossil Fuels Combustion.
 Mobile Source Fuel Combustion.

31. Oakhurst Sustainability Goals
 Water ‐ 20%
 Plant Energy ‐ 20%
 GHG Emissions ‐ 20%
 Transportation ‐ 20%
 Solid Waste ‐ 5%
 Goals established in 2010, to be accomplished by 2014 using a baseline
from 2008.

32. Initial carbon reduction projects
 Worker training.
1. Employee awareness.
2. Turning off equipment when not in use.
3. Weekend shut down.
 Solar.

33. How did they do it??
 Upgraded lighting.
 ƒReplaced variable speed air compressor.
 ƒUp‐graded solar hot water system

34. Questions
1. Why is a carbon foot print carried out?
2. What are the 4 most common ways of reducing green house gases?

36. Green Economies

37. Definition
 It is the development of new and emerging renewable and energy efficient
technologies, and other business strategies and collaborations that can
enable us to live more sustainable lifestyles, while growing economically
within the capacity of our natural world. Our economy is changing because
our world cannot support the current rate that we consume natural
resources.
 It can be seen as a means to achieve a resilient economy that provides a
better quality of life for all within the ecological limits of the planet and It
can be also seen as a means to link the economic, environmental and
social considerations of sustainable development in such a manner that
long-term economic development is achieved by investing in
environmentally friendly and socially equitable solutions.

38. Cont...
 Green economies require green energy generation based on renewable
energy to replace fossil fuels as well as energy conservation and efficient
energy use.
Karl Burkart defines a green economy as based on six main sectors:[6]
 Renewable energy
 Green buildings
 Sustainable transport
 Water management
 Waste management
 Land management

39.  Resource efficiency is a closely related concept, since the transition to a
green economy depends on meeting the twin challenges of maintaining
the structure and functions of ecosystems (ecosystem resilience) and
finding ways to cut resource use in production and consumption activities
and their environmental impacts (resource efficiency).
 Whatever the underlying approach of green economy is, it stresses the
importance of integrating economic and environmental policies in a way
that highlights the opportunities for new sources of economic growth while
avoiding unsustainable pressure on the quality and quantity of the natural
assets.
 This involves a mixture of measures ranging from economic instruments
such as taxes, subsidies and trading schemes, through regulatory policies,
including the setting of standards, to non-economic measures such as
voluntary approaches and information provision.
 Most assessments cover well-established themes, such as energy,
industry and governance (green economy), and use of natural capital
(resource efficiency).

40. Aims
 To promote equity and fairness, both within and between generations.
 To be consistency with the principles of sustainable development.
 To have a precautionary approach to social and environmental impacts.
 To have an appreciation of natural and social capital, through, for example,
the internalization of external costs, green accounting, whole-life costing
and improved governance.
 To have a sustainable and efficient resource use, consumption and
production.
 To have a need to fit with existing macroeconomic goals, through the
creation of green jobs, poverty eradication, increased competitiveness and
growth in key sectors.

41. Steps to a green economy

42. What does a Green Economy look like?
 The transition to a Green Economy has a long way to go, but several
countries are demonstrating leadership by adopting national “green
growth” or “low carbon” economic strategies. And there are many
examples of successful, large-scale programs that increase growth or
productivity and do so in a sustainable manner. For example:
1. The Republic of Korea has adopted a national strategy and a five-year
plan for green growth for the period 2009–2013, allocating 2 per cent of its
gross domestic product to investment in several green sectors such as
renewable energy, energy efficiency, clean technology and water. The
government has also launched the Global Green Growth Institute which
aims to help countries (especially developing countries) develop green
growth strategies.

43. 2. China now invests more than any other country in renewable energy. Its
total installed wind capacity grew 64 percent in 2010. This growth is driven
by a national policy that sees clean energy as a major market in the near
future, and one in which China wants to gain a competitive edge.
3. In Mexico City, crippling congestion led to a major effort to promote Bus
Rapid Transit (BRT), a sophisticated bus system that uses dedicated lanes
on city streets. Significant public investment in the BRT has reduced
commuting times and air pollution and improved access to public transit
for those less able to afford private cars. This remarkable success is now
being replicated in cities across Mexico and has led to investment from the
federal government in urban public transit for the first time.

44. What are the challenges to a transition to a
Green Economy, and what will make it possible?
 Increase public awareness and the case for change. Greater visibility on
the need for this transition can motivate voters and consumers - not just
because of the costs but also the economic benefits generated by a Green
Economy, such as new jobs and new markets. People will not adopt
policies because they are green. They will do so when they believe it is in
their interest.
 Open up government decision-making processes to the public and civil
society. This would help ensure policies are accountable to the public and
not to vested and well-connected interests.
 Identify and take advantage of political leadership when available as this
will be crucial in order to limit the undue influence of “dirty” economic
holdouts.

45. Benefits of Green Economy
 It promotes good environment which is good for health.
 It allows resources to be used in a sustainable way.
 It also improves the economy.
 It creates jobs/employment.
 Better public services.

46. Questions
1. Any three benefits of green economy
2. Possible ways for the transition towards a green economy