1. You need a
calculator (NO
PHONES) for
my final
exam!!

2. ROCKS
Foundation Science
Final Lesson

3. What is a Rock?
• Mixture of minerals.
Sometimes include organic
matter.

4. Types of Rock?
• 3 types:
• IGNEOUS
• SEDIMENTARY
• METAMORPHIC

5. Once a rock is formed, does it
stay the same rock forever?
• NO!

6. The Rock Cycle
• Rocks changing from one type to one
of the other 2 types.

9. • “Ignis” = Latin for “fire”
• Formed from the cooling of either
magma or lava
• The most abundant type of rock

10. IGNEOUS
ROCKS
Granite
Pumice
Obsidian

11. • Formed from sediments
(rock fragments,
mineral grains, animal
& plant remains) that
are pressed or
cemented.

12. • These sediments are moved by wind, water,
ice or gravity.
• Sedimentary rocks cover 70% of the
Earth’s surface!
• Water can easily erode
sedimentary rock
• Sedimentary rocks are fossil-carrying
rocks.

13. How can sedimentary rocks help us
understand the age of fossils?
• As sedimentary rocks
are made, they form
layers
• The layers on top
(and the fossils in
the top layer) are
YOUNGER than the
fossils in lower
layers

14. SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS

15. • Rocks that have changed due to
intense temperature and pressure
• “Meta” means “change” and “morph”
means “form” in Greek
• Igneous, sedimentary and other
metamorphic rocks can change to
become metamorphic rocks

16. What occurs in the Earth to
change these rocks?
• Pressure from overlying rock layers
• High heat, but not enough to melt the rock

17. METAMORPHIC
ROCKS

19. Review of how the 3 rock types are formed….

20. QUESTIONS
1. What are the three types of rocks?
2. What type of rocks hold fossils?
3. What kind of rock has the Grand Canyon formed
in (take your best guess)?
4. What kind of rock is made from lava?
5. What is the most common rock we see on the
Earth’s surface?
6. Will an igneous rock stay an igneous rock
forever?