2. BASIC GRAMMAR

3. What is Grammar
GRAMMAR:-
The systematic study and description of a
language.
OR
A set of rules and examples dealing with the
syntax and word structures of a language, usually
intended as an aid to the learning of that language.
LANGUAGE:-
The method of human communication, either
spoken or written, consisting of the use of words
in a structured and conventional way:

4. The Sentence
is a group of words
expressing a complete thought.
a
expressing lete
m p ht
co ug
th o

5. Every sentence has two essential
parts:
and
The subject of a sentence The predicate of a sentence
is the part about which is the part which says
something is being said. something about the subject.
The flower bloomed. Inzi told everyone
about the Waqar.
VeRru painted. Mushtaq sobbed.
The girls on the team were all Ali plays the piano well.
good students.

6. The simple subject is the The simple predicate, or
main word in the complete verb, is the main word or
subject. group of words in the
complete predicate.
The four new students arrived
Sara’s sister took us bowling
early.
yesterday.
Simple subject students Simple predicate took
The complete subject is The complete predicate is
the main word and all its the verb and all its
modifiers. modifiers.
Complete subject The four new Complete Predicate took us
students bowling yesterday

7. Eight Parts of Speech
s
Nouns
Verb
Pron
o uns
Interjections
Interjections
rrbs
e bs P re
Adjectives ve
dv pos
Ad
A i tio
ns
Conj unct ions
Conj unct ions

8. Word that names
• A
Person
• A Place
• A Thing
• An Idea

9. Kinds of Nouns
Common Nouns Proper Nouns
boy John
girl
Mary
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns
boy boys
girl
girls
Singular Possessive Plural Possessive
boy’s boys’
girl’s girls’

10. A word that expresses action or
otherwise helps to make a
statement “be” verbs
&
taste
Sb j
Suubeect feel
j ct
Liinki
sound
L nkin look
ng
g
appear
become predicate
seem predicate
grow
remain
stay

11. The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.
The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
s
Indefinite Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns
noun anybody this
al Proe each
rson e, min urs that
Pe I,m o
r, y
either
, you , hers, none these
y o u , h er
s h e i t , i t s u rs someone, one, etc. Interro those
o
u r,
s , o , t h ei r
, gative P
,u
we them ronoun
, s who s
they their whom
e lf
mys elf
rs what
you
which
whose

12. Modifies or describes a
noun or pronoun.
Answers these questions:
Did you lose your address
book?
Is that a wool sweater?
Just give me five minutes.

13. Modifies or describes
Modifies or describes
a verb, an adjective,
a verb, an adjective, Answers the questions:
Answers the questions:
or another adverb.
or another adverb.
He ran quickly.
Ho w?
Ho w?
He ran quickly.
When?
When?
She left yesterday.
She left yesterday.
We went there.
We went there. Wherre?
Whe e?
It was too hot!
It was too hot! To what degree or how much?
To what degree or how much?

14. Interrogative
Adverbs How did you break your
introduce questions leg?
When does your plane leave?
How often do
you run?
Where did you put the
mouse trap?

15. A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun
or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence
as a noun. The word or word group that the
preposition introduces is its object.
They received a postcard from Bobby telling
about his trip to Canada.

16. The preposition never stands alone!
noun object of
preposition pronoun preposition
preposition object
You can press those leaves under glass.
Her telegram to Nina and Ali brought good news.
object can have modifiers
It happened during the last examination.

17. Some Common Prepositions
aboard behind from throughout
about below in to
above beneath into toward
across beside like under
after between of underneath
against beyond off until
along by on up
among down over upon
around during past with
at except since within
before for through without

18. The conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words
or groups of words.
nd
a or
neithe
it her /or r/nor
e

19. The interjection
is an exclamatory word that expresses
emotion
Goodness! What a cute baby!
Wow! Look at that
sunset!

20. Questions???
question….