Combustion Engines Finland

2. Engine Technology Seminar
-
From Fuel to Performance
24/16/2019 Combustion Engines Finland,
Branch Groupe of Technology Industries of Finland
Progress of Exhaust emission regulations in on-
road, off-road and marine engines
Mika Laurén / Senior Lecturer / Turku University of Applied
Sciences

3. What components does the exhaust gas
contains?
Typical exhaust gas
components distribution in
diesel engine in high load.
( n. 2…2,5), without aftertreatment, Sulphur free diesel
fuel, based at TUAS lab measurements.
Vol. %
Nitrogen N2 (raw) 74.92 %
Oxygen O2 12.00 %
Water H2O 6.52 %
Carbon Dioxide CO2 6.47 %
Hydrocarbons (C1 ekviv.) 0.01 %
Nitrogen oxides NOx 0.07 %
Carbon Monoxide CO 0.01 %
Particles < 0.01 %
CO2 vs.
regulated
emissions !

4. Emission regulations in Heavy-Duty on-road
vehicles – NOx
HD Vehicles emission limits in
EU and US are good example
the progression steps.
The most critical emission in
diesel engines are NOx and
Particulates.
When NOx level decreased by
changing engine calibration,
the fuel consumption and
particulate emissions typically
increased.

5. Emission regulations in Heavy-Duty on-road
vehicles - Particles
Also the particulate mass
limits were tightened at the
same time with NOx
EU add a new PN
(Particulate number) limits
in EURO 6 phase.
The PN measurement
seems to forced the
manufacturers using the
particulate filters.

6. Off-road engines (tractors, forest machines,
generator engines)
Emission limits in off-road
engines were nearly similar
in EU and US area in
different steps.
US Tier 4 final is the last
step in US and those limits
are similar than EU Stage IV
EU Stage V limits come in to
effect in -19…-20.
The PN measurement is also
included in Stage V

7. IMO –International Marine Regulations
International Maritime
organisation (IMO) regulates
the maritime engines
emission limits
These limits are nowadays
mainly focused to NOx and
SOx emissions
Tier III limits are only used
in certain areas, so called
ECA (Emission Control
Areas)
Source: Dieselnet –portal
(https://www.dieselnet.com/standards/inter/imo.php)
YEAR 2000
2011
2016

8. 84/16/2019 Combustion Engines Finland, Branch
Groupe of Technology Industries of
Finland
IMO –International Marine Regulations
Source: Dieselnet –portal
(https://www.dieselnet.com/standards/inter/imo.php)
IMO regulations set global and ECA
area limits for marine fuel sulphur
limits.
High sulphur fuel can be used if
SOx is removed from the exhaust
gas after the engine using
scrubber.

9. 916.4.2019
Technical Solutions to meet lowest emission limits
Combined SCR and DPF aftertreatment
unit for EURO 6 on-road vehicle. Source:
Proventia
Stringest EU and US on-land emission
limits forced the diesel engine
manufacturers use the exhaust gas
aftertreatment system for NOx and
particulates.
In marine engines low sulphur fuel or
scrubber are needed for SOx and SCR for
NOx when are in ECA (Emission Control
Areas)

10. 1016.4.2019
Future Emission Regulations
On-road (Cars, Vans, Buses, HD Trucks)
 Euro7/Euro VII, probably by 2023
 RDE/PEMS and In-Service Compliance (ISC) rules are tightening
Non-road Mobile Machinery
 Adaption of similar kind In-Service Conformity testing program using PEMS device as in
force on HD on-road vehicles
 CO2 emissions regulation
Marine
 IMO is evaluating the needs for regional and global control of black carbon (BC), which is
one of the constituents of PM. European emission standards for non-road mobile machinery
(NRMM) limits CO, HC, NOx and PM for engines used in inland waterway vessels.
Furthermore, particle number (PN) emission will be limited in 2020.

11. SUMMARY
114/16/2019 Combustion Engines Finland, Branch
Groupe of Technology Industries of
Finland
Emission regulations have been a major driver of combustion engine technology
development since 90’s
Due to stringent emission limits, a many technical solutions were developed and
implemented in on-land and marine solutions e.g. SCR –catalyst, Scrubbers,
Particulate filters…
In the future, different emissions from different fuels and real world emission are
coming to under regulations.
Also fuel efficiency (consumption) is rising theme in heavy-duty vehicles and in off-
road engines