2. Direction is a complex function that
includes all those activities which are
designed to encourage subordinates to
work effectively and efficiently.
-Koonts and O‘Dnnell
DEFINITION
3. ⬥ Harmony of objectives
⬥ Unity of command
⬥ Appropriate techniques
⬥ Direct supervision
⬥ Effective leadership
⬥ Understanding and comprehension
⬥ Effective communication
⬥ Use of informal communication
⬥ Utilization of maximum individual efforts
⬥ Clear orders
⬥ Follow up
PRINCIPLES 0F DIRECTING
5. SUPERVISI0N
Guiding the efforts of
others to achieve stated
work output.
M0TIVATI0N
To engage the nurses in the
action by ensuring a
channel to satisfy the
motive becomes available
to them.
LEADERSHIP
A continuous process of
influencing and supporting
subordinates to work
enthusiastically towards
achieving goals
0RDER GIVING
The nurse managers give
instructions and orders to
its subordinates as how to
do the work
C0MMUNICATI0N
Process of sharing and
transferring the information
between nurse managers
and their subordinates
01
04
02
05
03
7. PRINCIPLES 0F SUPERVISI0N
⬥ Subordinates must always understand clearly what is expected of
them
⬥ It should focus on attainment of the goal, giving high quality nursing
care
⬥ Strives to make nursing unit a good learning situation
⬥ Should be well planned
⬥ Fosters the ability of each staff member to think and act for herself
⬥ Should be helped to set up & attain objectives
⬥ Subordinates must have guidance in their work
8. PRINCIPLES 0F SUPERVISI0N
(cont)
⬥ Should help to preserve individuality and stimulate thinking,
encourage taking initiative and self reliance
⬥ Should ensure staff development and create good work culture and
climate for productive work
⬥ Give constructive criticism to the poor work
⬥ Recognition should be given to good work
18. • A group of individuals working together
for a common objective.
GROUP
19. • Interactions between people who are
talking together in a group setting.
• Structures and processes by which
groups form and function.
• Attitudinal and behavioural
characteristics of a group.
• Social process by which people interact
face to face in small groups.
GROUP
DYNAMICS
20. FOCUS AREAS
OF GROUP
DYNAMICS
• Group communication
• Group conflicts
• Group decision making
• Group morale
• Group problem solving
• Group leadership
• Group norms and values
• Group process
21. NEED FOR A GROUP
⬥ The tasks in health organizations are becoming more complex,
tedious arid of repetitive nature.
⬥ Helps in making participative management more effective
⬥ Help by cooperating in all the matters related to quality care and
human relations to work effectively in the health organization
⬥ A group can judge in a better way as compared to an individual
⬥ While accomplishing tasks, all members of a group together use their
creative and innovative ideas than a single individual.
23. CHARACTERISTICS
OF GROUPS
• Goal oriented activities
• Well organized
• Interdependency
• Power structure
• Group structure
• Size of the group
• Group functions
24. Formal groups
Established by an
organization to achieve
organizational goals and
overall organizational
mission
Task groups
To accomplish a
narrow range of
purposes within a
specified time
Informal groups
Groups formed by the
employees themselves at the
workplace while working
together
TYPES OF GROUPS
26. ⬥ To assist in accomplishing complex, independent tasks
⬥ To help in generating new ideas and solutions
⬥ To coordinate independent efforts
⬥ To provide problem solving mechanisms for various problems
⬥ To aid in implementing complex decisions
⬥ To encourage a feeling of cohesiveness among group
members
Organizational functions
27. (cont)
⬥ Opportunities for individual members to grow
⬥ Socialize and train new entrants
⬥ Develop leadership qualities
⬥ Help members become self reliant
⬥ Increase participation of members at all levels
⬥ Organize, utilize and exploit ideas of group members
Organizational functions
28. ⬥ Satisfy individual need for affiliation
⬥ Enhance individual self esteem and sense of identity
⬥ Provide opportunity to individuals to test and share their
perceptions of social reality
⬥ Reduce individuals anxiety and feeling of insecurity
⬥ Provide solutions to the problems arising due to interpersonal
relationship
Individual functions
30. A set of procedures by which
employee representatives negotiate
to obtain a signed agreement that
describes conditions of employment,
especially wages, hours and benefits.
COLLECTIVE
BARGAINING
32. Distributive
One party's gain is another party's
loss
Integrative
Both parties may gain, or at least
neither party loses
Productivity
Substantial benefits based on
productivity standards
Composite
Wages with equity
TYPES OF BARGAINING
HELPS supervisrs t supervie and cntrl activities f staff wrking under them.
Issuing instructins t subrdinatees, supervising them, motivating them, prviding leadership t contribute t best f their ability fr achievement f rganizatinal gals
Invlves mangemnt, directin, leadership f emplyees
Verseeing the effrts f peple
bard
Successs f any rganizatin depends n the ability f managers t prvide a motivating environment fr its emplyees
T inspire peple t wrk, individually r in grups in the ways such as t prvide best results
flannel
Received frm external evt, incentives, frm utside the perfrmer-eg mney, popularity, grading, trophies, threat frm punishment
Actual self mtivatin-inner gratification and feeling f fulillment-recgnitin, responsibility
Drive that relate t staff n a scial basis-strng desire t associate with different types f peple-
T perfrm high quality wrk
Cncerned fr mre and mre achievements and accmplishments
By knwn r unknwn fear and act contrary t her riginal intensin
Rewards –
The way nurse perceives the future and their retain regarding past ccurences
All fuctins f mgt can nly be perfrmed with effective cmmunicatin
Prcess f transmitting inf, ideas, thughts, pinins and lans between varius parts f rgn.
chart
bard
A successful rgn has ne majr attribute that sets it apart frm an unsuccessful ne-dynamic and effective leadership
Art f getting thers t d smething that shuld be dne
Ecnmic issues like wages, salries and bnus are discussed
