Batteries In A Green Economy

The Role of Batteries
in the Green Economy

March 16th, 2009
Christina Lampe-Onnerud

What is a green economy?
 It’s the economics of the real world—
the world of work, human needs, the
Earth’s materials, and how they mesh
together most harmoniously.
 It’s about “use-value”, not “exchange-
value” or money. It is about quality,
not quantity for the sake of it. It is
about regeneration---of individuals,
communities and ecosystems---not
about accumulation, of either money or
material.
 It is to operate within the ecological
constraints of earth's natural resources.
 It is a rapidly growing billion-dollar
sector that includes renewable energy
sources, organic produce and products,
green buildings, alternative fuel
vehicles, and more.

2 2009-04-16 Batteries in Green Economy CLO

Energy storage: protecting the
environment and saving the economy
 Multibillion dollar global industry
at a crossroads
– Insatiable demand
– Strong growth rates
– Mobility a requirement versus a luxury
– Enabling clean tech and transportation
 Battery industry opportunity on
multiple levels
– Performance and safety
– Empowering existing and new markets
– Environmental sustainability
– Environmental accreditation


Global Warming

Global Warming Definition

The increase in the average
temperature of the Earth's :

- near-surface air and

- oceans

since the mid-20th century and
its projected continuation.


Risks and Impacts of Global Warming

Higher risk of irreversible transitions
Higher total economic and ecological impact
More global distribution and balance of impacts
More frequency and more severity of extreme climate events
Higher risk to unique and threatened systems


Global Warming – Risk Timeline

2075
2050
2025
2025
1990

Higher risk of irreversible transitions
Higher total economic and ecological impact
More global distribution and balance of impacts
More frequency and more severity of extreme climate events
Higher risk to unique and threatened systems


The effect of climate change

Stern Review estimates the overall costs
and risks of climate change:
 large worldwide economic losses will be
equivalent to
- at least 5% GDP annually in the short term
- may increase to 20%loss of GDP per year
 points out the extensive risks of world
economy also have implications on world peace
 provides prescriptions including
environmental taxes to minimize the economic
and social disruptions.


How do we get a truly green economy?
 Government/political networks
– In order to distinguish and regulate truly green products and services, the
governments must take action. The main problem facing consumers is a lack of
easily recognized accreditation. There is a lack of qualifiers imposed upon
companies that make the green product claim. The only way to avoid false claims
is by mandating that companies seek third party certification acknowledged by
and promoted by our governments.
 Business
– Businesses need to drive to sustainable products and will be greatly helped by
third party organizations. The regulatory framework gives businesses the long
term commitment that green counts. And that there will be payback if all is green
and penalties if not. This will stimulate economic growth. Capital will continue to
flow into new green markets increasing innovation and collaboration.
 Consumers
– or “the people” . . . We are ultimately the real winners of true green. Many of us
want to do the right thing and support honest companies. Third party regulations
will empower and stimulate conscientious consumers, who will have confidence
that the products they purchase are what they claim to be.


Political threats
Changing political atmosphere in 2008-2009, US and European governments
are demoting green policies.
 First, the global economic crisis has demoted green policies nearer to the bottom of
the political agenda. Saving the economy and creating jobs take priority now.
 Second, disillusionment with the failed Kyoto Protocol has turned utopian thinking
into sobriety. After all, most of the Kyoto signatories failed to reduce their CO2
emissions during the last 10 years. There are also growing doubts about the long-term
viability of the EU's Emissions Trading Scheme. The price of carbon credits has
collapsed as a result of the financial crisis. The drop in demand and the recession are
likely to depress carbon prices for years to come
 Third, a number of countries have experienced a political backlash over their
renewable energy schemes. Tens of billions of euros of taxpayers' money have
been pumped into projects that depend on endless government handouts. Each of the
35,000 solar jobs in Germany, for instance, is subsidized to the tune of €130,000.
According to estimates by the Rhine-Westphalia Institute for Economic Research, green
subsidies will cost German electricity consumers nearly €27 billion in the next two
years.


Copenhagen 2009, next Kyoto protocol

2009 is a crucial year in the international effort to address climate change,
culminating in the United Nations Climate Change Conference in
Copenhagen, 7-18 December.
The Working Group under the Kyoto Protocol and the Working Group on Long-
term Cooperative Action under the Convention will operate in full negotiating
mode in 2009.


Road to Copenhagen
The Road to Copenhagen is an interactive initiative aimed at giving business,
parliamentarians, NGOs and individual citizens a voice.
From Road to Copenhagen protocol to UN Climate negotiators in Poznan
2008:
“Clean technologies have a huge potential in terms of job creation and
improving economic and social prosperity. We need more research,
development and supporting structures to enhance the diffusion of existing
patented and retrofitted technologies.’”


Threat of green washing
– how do consumers know?
 Threat: Over-touting in order to win points with consumers – some
are real, but which ones?
 Opportunity: Conscientious consumers will play an important role in
ensuring that the truly environmentally sustainable products remain
distinguished from those merely leveraging the empty promises


NGOs apply market pressure to be Green


The market will decide on green
- but needs help from accreditation
The market can make the decision with
help of accreditation, which is
standardized and government sponsored
Private and public procurement involves
huge amount of money, which, if put
through the right channels, can drive the
suppliers toward clean production and
sustainable development
Chinese government does 40% green
procurement today and want to increase
this number
There are only two (as of Dec 2008)
that give eco-label for rechargeable
lithium-ion batteries
The Nordic Ecolabel
The Chinese Ecolabel


What does it mean to have an Eco-label?
Ecolabel certification available for Li-ion batteries
– the logo demonstrates that a product is a good
environmental choice
– checks that products fulfill certain criteria using methods
such as samples from independent laboratories, certificates
and control visits
– ensures that a product meets rigorous, science-based
environmental leadership standards, which gives
manufacturers the assurance to back up their claims and
purchasers confidence that certified products are better for
human health and the environment
– is usually valid for a certain amount of years, after which
the criteria are revised and the company must reapply for a
license
– the goal is to achieve a more sustainable world by
promoting environmentally responsible production,
purchasing, and products


Eco-label requirement for Li-ion
 Chemical requirement
– Mercury must not exceed 0.1 ppm.
– Arsenic must not exceed 20 ppm
– Lead must not exceed 20 ppm
– Cadmium must not exceed 20 ppm
– Packaging with no PVC or other chlorinated plastics

 Li-ion battery product and production requirements
– long cycle life guarantee
– full traceability of cells and chemicals
– visible eco-labeling on outside of cell
– auditing of manufacturing and supply chain


Green jobs in a green economy

 Clean technologies have a huge potential in terms of job creation and
improving economic and social prosperity. We need more research,
development and supporting structures to enhance the diffusion of
existing patented and retrofitted technologies.
 Obama promises to spend $150 billion over 10 years to create 5
million new green-collar jobs. (Time May 2008)


Green technology is emerging

 HP Enviro Series Notebook Batteries (Lithium-ion
Sustainable Life Notebook Battery)
 “Allows you to work on the go and provides the
customer with the added assurance of a 3 year
warranty, which helps the customer reduce their
environmental footprint by consuming fewer
batteries over time. The batteries utilize Boston-
Power Sonata battery cells which are uniquely
designed with sustainable life in mind.”


Energy storage based on Li-ion
Whole-system battery
approach = applicable to a
vast range of end
applications
– Portable power will continue to
evolve and will require more
customized battery solutions
– High-energy density and high
power energy storage enables
clean teach energy solutions
taking load off our grid
– Evolving transportation market
will require strong collaboration
between car and battery
industry


Transition to Next-Generation Power Trains

 Environmental challenges and
increase of public's mobility
•Growing petroleum consumption
•Global climate change
•Urban pollution

 Leads to new innovation
•IC engines and transmissions
•Emission control technologies
•Alternative power trains
•New battery solutions
•Tailored power cycle
•High safety
•Excellent predictability


Reducing Environmental Impact
in a Green Economy
 Commit to products that work
– Fewer replacements
– Higher functionality
– High brand loyalty

 Focus on less use of resources
– Energy and materials efficiencies
– Promote recycling programs
– Produce locally

 Actively provide leadership
– Participate in accreditation
– Advocate recycling programs
– Empower green electronics, emerging transportation, and provide energy storage for
alternative energy solutions
– Commit to Corporate Social Responsibility
– Be active in National and Worldwide policymaking to enforce total cost considerations


‘There is still time to avoid the worst
impacts of climate change, if we take
strong action now.’
‘The benefits of strong and early
action far outweigh the economic
costs of not acting.’
Lord Stern


Batteries In A Green Economy

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