1. http://www.transitionsabroad.com/listings/work/volunteer/volunteerprogramsafrica.shtml http://www.nsrc.org/AFRICA/africa.html

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Africa-asia-america-to-scale.jpg
Pictures are a to scale Satellite Photo of Africa compared to
North America and Asia -NASA World Wind globe software public domain
The Vegetation Topography of Africa is evident in Satellite
Color Photo showing Horizontal Bands Of Color

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vegetation_Africa.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Languages_of_Africa_map.svg

4.  What I did not know before taking
this class was that the U.S. was a
destination for only 5% of the
Western African Slave Trade.
 I find it extremely interesting that
few people have inquired as to the
Muslim participation in the slave
trade even though it has most
likely been larger than all other
African slave trades combined.
 It is informative to know how the
banding of weather zones and the
effects of long distances have
slowed technological migration
http://www.nsrc.org/AFRICA/africa.html

5. Territorial Claims
 France
 Britain
 Portugal
 Belgium –Congo
 Spain –Western Sahara
 Italy –Libya
 Ethiopia -Independent
 Germany and Italy
lose territories 1945
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ColonialAfrica.png

6.  Lucy‟sBones Discovered
November
24, 1974, Australopithecus
afarensis,
Awash Valley of Ethiopia
 Kudos to the Anthropologist who
can create theories and
evolutionary progression based
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Lucy_blackbg.jpg
on a few bone fragments

7.  Australopithecus afarensis: (Lucy) upright bipeds
and slightly larger brains than modern apes
 Australopithecus afarensus: (Taung Child) 600cc
brains; 4.3 to 2.3 million years ago
 Homo habilis: (handy man) linguistic and tool
making skills with shorter flatter human-ish face
600-700cc brains; 2.5 to 1.5 million years ago
 Homo erectus: (Upright Man) 6 feet tall, 1000cc
brains about 2/3 size of modern human brains, able
to make flake tools; climate adaptive migrate to
Africa and Asia about 1.6 million years ago
 Homo sapiens: problem solving brains and
advanced hand development 100,000 years ago
 Neanderthal: dead end with different DNA than
humans about 1 million to 27,000 years ago
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Lucy_blackbg.jpg Africa in World History –E. Gilbert and J. Reynolds; The African Experience –V. Khapoya

8.  “A Kinship relationship is one that binds individuals
either through birth or marriage”(Khapoya,25).
 Marriage is an agreement between two families
 Polygamy, Polygyny: one husband with mult. wives
 Traditional Africa is more collective than individualistic
 “Age-grades are almost a universal feature of
traditional African societies” (Khapoya, 35).
 Traditional African family is more extended than nuclear
 “Africans are notoriously religious” –Mbiti
 Traditional Beliefs: Ancestors, Spirits, God, and Mediators
 Highest respect and care for the aged and elderly
 Rights of Passage: group and individual significance
 1.) Birth –child belongs to whole family
 2.) Naming –Name gives identification (lineage)
 3.) Initiation/Circumcision(male)/Clitoridectomy(female)
 4.) Marriage –Between two families, not just individuals
http://images.google.com/imgr
es?imgurl=http://www.wilsdo
 5.) Death –Last stage in life that deserves dignity
m.com/store/media/african- Professor: Dr. Saneta Maiko‟s notes 9-8-09 HIST E331-01 IPFW
buba-9021p.jpg

9.  Rule by Elders, Decentralized System (Khapoya,57)
 Traditional African Family is an institution for the
organization of labor
 Polygamy, Polygyny explained:
Traditionalist Africans favored Polygyny because
• Social Stability (created by bigger family)
• Economic Advancement (organization of labor)
• High Mortality Rates Experienced
• Wealth and Social Prestige (family wealth)
• Inheritance (bigger family =higher social status)
• Sexual Compensation –spacing of pregnancies
• Extended care of widows, orphans, and elderly
Professor: Dr. Saneta Maiko‟s notes 9-8-09 HIST E331-01 IPFW
https://www.cultureapparel.com/shop/catalog/african-clothing-mens-clothing-c-15_16.html?page=2&sort=3a

10. The Human Beginning and the Influence of Egyptian History
 100,000 BC Humans (Homo sapiens)
migrate from Africa to other parts of the world
 5,000 BC Farming begins in Egypt
 3118 BC King Menes unites the kingdoms of
Upper and Lower in Egypt
 3100-2180 BC The Old Kingdom of Egypt
 2600 BC The first pyramid is built in Egypt
 2080-1640 BC The Middle Kingdom in Egypt
 1570-1090 BC The New Kingdom or Empire in Egypt
 660-525 BC Sennacherib‟s Assyrian rulers in Egypt
 525-332 BC The Persians of Cyrus rule Egypt
 330 BC Alexander the Great of Greece
secures Lower Egypt, establishes Alexandria
 30 BC Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire
 642 AD The Arabs conquer Egypt
 1517 AD The Turks conquer Egypt
 1859-1869 The Suez Canal is built in Egypt
 1882 The British army occupies Egypt and Sudan
http://www.localhistories.org/aftime.html

11. Carthage, the Bantu Expansion, and Iron Working
Carthage
 814 BC Carthage is founded in Tunisia
by the Phoenicians from „Lebanon‟
 202 BC The Romans defeat Carthage
at the battle of Zama in North Africa
 439-533 AD The Vandals from „Germany‟
 698 AD The Arabs capture Carthage
Bantu Expansion
 2,000 BC Bantu speaking people begin to migrate southwards
 350 AD Bantu speaking people arrive in Zambia
Iron Working Technological Progression from North to South Africa
 650 BC Iron working spreads in North Africa
 500 AD Iron working reaches southern Africa
http://www.localhistories.org/aftime.html

12. Western African Kingdoms and Empires
 700‟s-1076 AD Ghana Kingdom
 1200‟s-1564 AD Mali Empire
 1350, 1464-1591 AD Songhai Empire
 1591 The Moroccans destroy the Empire of Songhai
 1700 The rise of the Ashanti kingdom in West Africa
 1830 The French invade Algeria. Over the following years the French build
up an empire in North Africa
South Africa‟s European Influences
 1488 The Portuguese sail round the Cape of Good Hope.
 1652 The Dutch found a colony in South Africa
 1806 The Dutch colony in South Africa becomes a British colony
 1880-1881 War between the British and Boers (Dutch speaking farmers) in
South Africa
 1910 The Union of South Africa becomes independent from Britain
 1948 Apartheid is introduced in South Africa
 1994 Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa
http://www.localhistories.org/aftime.html

13. Slavery in Western Africa and European/American Involvement
 1518 and Onwards: African slaves are transported
across the Atlantic by Europeans
 1562 England joins the slave trade
 1787 The British found a colony for freed slaves in Sierra Leone
 1792 Denmark bans the slave trade
 1807 Britain bans the slave trade
 1808 The USA bans the slave trade
 1822 The USA founds a colony for freed slaves in Liberia
British Explorers
 1855 David Livingstone discovers the Victoria Falls
 1858 John Speke discovers Lake Victoria
http://www.localhistories.org/aftime.html

14. http://www.transitionsabroad.com/listings/work/volunteer/volunteerprogramsafrica.shtml http://www.nsrc.org/AFRICA/africa.html