ppt for dialysis machine

2. Contents
Overview of kidney physiology
Artificial kidney/ dialysis machine
Parts of dialysis machine
Working principle of dialysis machine
Water treatment of dialysis machine
Some troubleshooting

3. Question for dialysis and endoscopy
1. Hemodialysis rids your body of harmful wastes. What else does hemodialysis remove?
A. Extra protein
B. Extra salt
C. Extra water
D. Extra insulin
E. B & C
2. What is the filter called that acts as an artificial kidney in hemodialysis?
A. Dialyzer
B. Hemolyzer
C. Nephrolyzer
D. None of the above
3. How often must hemodialysis usually be done?
A. Every day
B. Once a week
C. Twice a week
D. 3 times a week

4. Cont.
4. Where is dialysis procedure carried out?
A. Dialysis center
B. Home
C. Hospital
D. A and C
E. All
5. What is the common side effect for hemodialysis machine ?
A. Muscle cramp
B. Dizziness
C. Nausea
D. Weakness
E. All of the above

5. cont.
6. Which dietary mineral must be limited for a person on hemodialysis?
A. Potassium
B. Iron
C. Zinc
D. Molybdenum
7. Another way to clean the blood is called peritoneal dialysis. Which part of the body act as a
filter for this method ?
A. The lining of the stomach
B. The lining the lung
C. The lining the intestine
D. The lining of the belly(abdomen )

6. Cont.
8. which one is correctly define the dialysis machine
A. Stomach is implanted
B. Waste materials are eliminated
C. Substitution of liver enzymes
D. Increase in the pumping of heart
9. Which of the following principle describe dialysis
A. Capillary action
B. Adhesion
C. diffusion
D. Cohesion

7. Cont.
10. Aside from conventional use, Dialysis may also use in the scenarios of
A. Blood Transfusions
B. Acute Poisoning
C. Extreme Fever
D. None of these
11.

9.  Overview of kidney physiology
 What is kidney?
• Kidney is one of a pair of organs in the abdomen.
 The kidneys remove waste and extra water from the blood (as
urine) and help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and
calcium) balanced in the body.
 The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure
and stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells.

10. Cont.
• Blood comes into the kidney, waste gets removed, and
salt, water, and minerals are adjusted, if needed.
• The filtered blood goes back into the body. Waste gets
turned into urine, which collects in the kidney's pelvis,
is a funnel-shaped structure that drains down a
tube called the ureter to the bladder.

11.  Dialysis machine
 What is dialysis machine ?
 Dialysis machine is a machine that used as a normal kidney function
to sustain the life of the person.
 you need dialysis if your kidneys no longer remove enough wastes
and fluid from your blood to keep you healthy.
 This usually happens when you have only 10 to 15 percent of your
kidney function left.

12. Cont.
You may have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, swelling and
fatigue.
Dialysis replaces some of these functions when your kidneys no
longer work. There are two different types of dialysis -
hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

13. Type of dialysis machine
1. Hemodialysis- is a procedure where a dialysis machine and a special
filter called an artificial kidney, or a dialyzer, are used to clean your
blood.
 In Hemodialysis, the blood is cleaned outside the body using a dialysis
machine and then sent back into the body. This can be done either at a
hospital or at home.
 To get your blood into the dialyzer, the doctor needs to make an access,
into your blood vessels.
 This is done with minor surgery, usually to your arm.

14. Cont.

15. Cont.
2. peritoneal dialysis- in peritoneal dialysis cleansing
fluid flows through a tube (catheter) into part of your
abdomen.
- The lining of your abdomen (peritoneum) acts as a
filter and removes waste products from your blood.
- In peritoneal dialysis, a special liquid is put in the
abdomen.

16. Cont.
- As blood passes through blood vessels in the abdominal cavity, this
liquid absorbs waste from them across the peritoneal membrane
(lining of our abdomen). This polluted liquid is then drained away.

17.  Components of dialysis machine
1.Dialysate:- is a fluid that is made up of water, electrolytes and
salts.
- During dialysis, dialysate helps to clean your blood inside the
dialyzer by removing waste products and balancing electrolytes.
- Your nephrologist will prescribe the dialysate that is right for
your body’s needs

18. Cont.
2. A dialyzer:- is the part in the hemodialysis machine where your blood
gets filtered
• The core of the dialyzer is made up of thousands of tiny mesh tubes.
• Your blood flows inside each tube, and the dialysate stays on the outside
of the tubes.
• Tiny pores in the tubes let waste and excess fluids pass from your blood
into the dialysate.
• Your cleaned blood then leaves the dialyzer and is returned to your body.

19. Cont.

20. Cont.
3. Hemodialysis membranes :- are used to remove accumulated
uremic toxins, excess ions and water from the patient via the
dialysate, and to supply (deficit) insufficient ions from the
dialysate.

21. Working principle od hemodialysis
• Here’s a basic overview of a hemodialysis machine’s parts and
functions

22. Cont.
• Two tubes are connected via your hemodialysis access. Blood flows
from your body into the machine through 1 of the tubes.
• If your doctor prescribes blood thinner as part of your treatment, it
will be added to keep your blood from clotting while it’s in the
machine.
• A pressure monitor and pump work together to keep the flow at the
right rate.
• Your blood enters the dialyzer, where it is filtered.

23. Cont.
• Dialysate solution enters the dialyzer. It draws the waste out of
your blood.
• Used dialysate solution is pumped out of the machine and
discarded.
• Your blood goes through another pressure monitor and an air
trap to make sure it’s safe to go back into your body.
• Your cleaned blood returns to your body through the second tube
attached to your access site.

24. Session 2 :Endoscopy machine

27. 1. Hemodialysis rids your body of harmful wastes. What else does hemodialysis remove?
A. Extra protein
B. Extra salt
C. Extra water
D. Extra insulin
E. B & C
2. What is the filter called that acts as an artificial kidney in hemodialysis?
A. . Dialyzer
B. Hemolyzer
C. Nephrolyzer
D. None of the above
3. How often must hemodialysis usually be done?
A. .
B.
C.
D.