Ponencia MatGas_triz21_2012

A Combination of syntactic TRIZ & TechMining..
TechMining.

The role of Technology Analysis oriented tools for
discovering insights and new knowledge in
d h d k l d
Chemical domain

Vicente-Gomila, J.M. y Palop, F. Barcelona March 6th 2012

©2012, triz XXI todos los derechos reservados
<informa@triz.es>, www.triz.es

Objectives

1. To show the combination of TRIZ, TechMining and
semantic TRIZ . Its complementarities and results of their
combination

2. The increasing importance of computer aided knowledge
to understand the cluttered science and technology map .


Index

1.
1 How TRIZ helps to understand next research results
2. Tech-Mining application to lithium batteries elements
3. Combination of semantic TRIZ and TechMining to extract
key research topics
4. Some partial conclusions


Теория Pешения Изобретательских Задач

TRIZ
Theory of Inventive
Problem Solving
a thinking tool for the present dynamic times

triz XXI, todos los derechos reservados
José M. Vicente Gomila

The b i h
h brightest Inventions
i

• Rich in information : DEDUCTION
• Middle information : ANALOGIES
• Poor information: TRIAL and ERROR
information:

Gavetti, G ; Rivkin, J; Harvard Business Review

The brightest Inventions
During centuries, the technological progress has occured due to the contribution and ingenuity
of thousands of scientists and engineers. During all that time, the way to achieve such brilliant
results and solutions, developed mostly between a chance, a lucky association or in the simplest
p y y p
cases by deduction

Vicente Gomila en Prospectiva en Colombia

(2) The invention of the incandescent light bulbb is popularly attributed to Thomas Alva Edison, who made large contributions ot its development and marketing turning it
into an innovation. However it is also known that Heinrich Göbel has already developed incandecent bulbs three deacedes before although its functionality was put in
doubt in severla trials of the legal battle that Goebel patents argued against those of Edison. Many otehrs contributed to the development of the known light bulb:

In 1802, Humphru Davy created the first incandescent light by passing the current through a thin strip of platinum, chosen because the metal had an extremely high melting
point . In 1809, Davy also created the first arc lamp with two carbon charcoal rods connected to a 2000-cell battery. Curious indeed modern Xenon lamps use the arc lamps
system.
system

En 1820 el científico británico Warren De la Rue encerró una bobina de platino en un tubo al vacío haciendo pasar electricidad a su través. El uso de platino se justificaba
por su alto punto de fusión. El diseño funcionaba pero era comercialmente inviable.

En 1835 James Bowman Lindsay mostró públicamente en Dundee una luz eléctrica incandescente constante, argumentando que podía leer un libro a medio metro de
distancia.

En 1841 a Frederick de Moleyns de Reino Unido se le concedió la primera patente de una lámpara incandescente, con un diseño que empleaba carbón en polvo calentado
entre dos alambres de platino.

En 1854, el inventor alemán Heinrich Goebel desarrollaría el primer bombillo de luz incandescente: un filamento de bambú carbonizado en una botella al vacío para evitar
la oxidación. En los años siguientes desarrolló lo que muchos denominan el primer bombillo práctico. Su lámpara duraba en torno a 400 horas. Su patente tuvo como fecha
de prioridad 1893.

El británico Joseph Wilson Swan comenzó a trabajar con filamentos de papel carbonizado en tubos al vacío ya en 1850. Tras superar problemas para conseguir buenas
bombas de vacío y mejorar sus experimentos, consiguió su primera patente en 1878 y reportó su éxito a la Newcastle Chemical Society donde mostró una lámpara en
funcionamiento con filamento de fibra de carbono. Su éxito se basaba en la escasez de oxígeno en el tubo de vidrio con lo que el filamento alcanzaba un brillo casi blanco
sin que ardiera. Comenzó ese mismo año a instalar luces incandescentes en casas y haciendas de Inglaterra. En 1880 inició su propia empresa.
En el otro lado del Atlántico también acontecían desarrollos en paralelo. En 1874 se registró una patente canadiense para Woodward y Evans por una lámpara con un
vástago de carbón entre dos electrodos en un bulbo de vidrio lleno de nitrógeno. Por falta de financiación vendieron una parte a un estadounidense llamado Thomas
Edison.
Con esos derechos Edison y su equipo de técnicos e investigadores buscaron alternativas de materiales para el filamento. Fruto de muchas pruebas Edison consiguió en
1880 una lámpara que duraba 1200 horas. José M. Vicente Gomila

¿What do these inventions h
Wh t d th i ti have iin common?
?

• Méthod for preparing red pepers for canning
• Process for removing sunflower seeds husks
•Procedure for selecting diamonds
• System for cleaning filters


The base of TRIZ: Research about Patents

• The Altshuller axiom –

"The evolution of all technical
The
systems is governed by objective
laws"
l "


The system shows a contradictions to increase the difussión of oxygen, the pore
size of the cathode should be larger but then the conductivity decreases , and also
a problem: the product of the battery reaction is insoluble and deposits inside the
cathode pores, covering the catalyst and clogging pores. (1) (2)
p , g y gg g p ( )( )

Aprotic Polyplus protected anode battery ; Sources, own elaboration from :
1. S. Visco et al. ; Scalable Energy Storage: Beyond Li‐Ion, Almaden Institute, August
26, 27, 2009
2. M.‐K. Song et 204 al. / Materials Science and Engineering R 72 (2011) 203–252
3. Wu Xu et al.; Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 156 –(10) A773‐A779 (2009)

The system shows several contradictions: to preserve
the LISICON plate from alkaline solution, a second CEM
Actual current system Sources: own elaboration from : is added but this increases cost and reduces efficiency
1. Y.G; Wang, H,S, Zhou ; J. Power sources 195 (2010) 358‐361 by holding Li+ (dotted arrows). A second one is that
2. P. He et al. / Electrochemistry Communications 12 (2010) 1686–1689 LISICON separates aqueous solution from Li anode but
3. P. He, et al. ;J. Power Sources 196 (2011) 5611‐5616 it also increases cost and hinderns Li+ transport
4. M.‐K. Song et 204 al. / Materials Science and Engineering R 72 (2011) 203–252 reducing overall efficiency (1) (2) (3)

1. TRIZ, concepts

Some Laws of the classic TRIZ for the development of Systems (2)

Statics Cinematics Dynamics
Law of consolidation Law of increasing
g Dynamization
y
ideality
Law of conductivity Law of rithms
of the system Law of uneven coordination
energy development of
p
Law of i
L f increasing
i
system parts
controlability
Law of transition to
the
supersystem
Law of transition
from macro to
micro


What is TRIZ?
Main CONTRIBUTIONS:
• Ideality and trends/laws about the birth and evolution of a
technology

Segmentation of substances and fields

What isTRIZ?
isTRIZ?
Main CONTRIBUTIONS:
• Ideality and trends/laws about the birth and evolution of a
technology

Writing machine
ii hi Matricial Jet Ionization
i i

Imagen con permiso de Invention
Láser
Machine

Substance and fields segmentation
g

Substances and fields segmentations:
segmentations Energy

Use of Steam engine
molécules

Use of átoms Combustion engine

Use de electrons Fuel Cell

Use of subatomic Fision, Fusion, …
particles triz XXI, todos los derechos reservados

1. TRIZ, concepts

Some Laws of the classic TRIZ for the development of Systems (2)

Statics Cinematics Dynamics
Law of consolidation Law of increasing
g Dynamization
y
ideality
Law of conductivity Law of rithms
of the system Law of uneven coordination
energy development of
p
Law of i
L f increasing
i
system parts
controlability
Law of transition
to the
supersystem
Law of transition
from macro to
micro


Integration into supersystem

A CAT image, in the
middle a PET image
and at the right, a
merged image


Integration into the supersystem

“By combining the two scanners in a hybrid system
allows to obtain the advantages of both scanners and
superimpose them. Invented by M. doctors Nutt et
Townsend, the PET/CT scanner was recognized as the
2000 invention of the year by TIME magazine. In 2001
y y g
the PET/CT was awarded as 'producto of the year' by
Frost and Sullivan”.

“The CT system (Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, 1973) and also the PET
system (Michael E. Phelps, UCLA 1974) which almost exhausted all its
conceptual possibilities of evolution do evolve by generating a new
evolution,
technological innovation by merging into each other conforming a new
supersystem of type bi-system “


1. TRIZ, concepts

Hybridization as a TRIZ 'concept' and the hybrid battery-supercapacitor

."This system that we have gives you capacitor-like power with battery-like energy," said U
capacitor- battery- energy
Illinois' Paul Braun, a professor of materials science and engineering. "Most capacitors store very
little energy. They can release it very fast, but they can't hold much. Most batteries store a
reasonably large amount of energy, but they can't provide or receive energy rapidly. This does
both." Source: Three-dimensional bicontinuous ultrafast-charge and -discharge bulk battery electrodes; Nature
Nanotechnology Year published: (2011) DOI: doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.38 Received 21 October 2010 Accepted 24 February
2011 Published online 20 March 2011

2. Princípios Inventivos extraídos das patentes.

• Contradições

To look and to solve contradictions is about working with a
parametric model of a problem:
ti d l f bl

A parameter  and another parameter 



The preservation of Milk: a contradiction

kill
Bacteria
Sterilization
degrades
Vitamins, etc.

Doesn’t kill
Bacteria
Pasteurization
Vitamins, etc
Vit i t
Doesn’t degrade



The preservation of Milk: a contradiction



Oxygen diffusion in Li-Air batteries

reprinted from Elsevier ScienceDirect database R. Padbury, X. Zhang / Journal of Power Sources 196 (2011) 4436–4444

Solving a physical contradiction: Separation in space


1. TRIZ, concepts

Fast charge & recharge of EV batteries

reprinted from Gizmag: www.gizmag.com

Solving a physical contradiction: Separation in space,
separating discharging from storage; MIT materials science professors W. Craig Carter and Yet-Ming Chiang


2. Some Tech-Mining results and trends

Research evolution (articles) on Li-ion cathodes. Main research lines.

250

LiFePO4
emerging
200 trend

150

LiMn2O4
LiCoO2
100 LiFePO4

50

0



Li-sulfur vs Li-Air
350

300

250

200

Li‐Air
150
Li‐S

100

50

0
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Pub Year
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Powered by VantagePointTM – Search Technology Inc.



Selected nanostructures by year in Li-Air:.

18

16

14

12

10
Nanostructure
8 Nanotubes

6 Nanocomposites
Nanorods
4

2

0
1996 1997
1998 2000 Nanostructure
2001 2002 Nanotubes
2003 2004
2005 2006
Nanocomposites
2007 2008 Nanorods
2009 2010 2011 2012

Powered by VantagePointTM – Search Technology Inc.


Doping: are we already at 'improving' or still at 'designing'

Li‐ion 233/6324 Li‐Air 24 /1021



Leading
Leading
Cooperation
Cooperation
networks map:
networks map:
Leading
Leading
Research
Research
Institutions in
I I tit titi
Institutionsi in
tit i
Li-S
Li-Air
technology
technology

Powered by VantagePointTM –
Search Technology Inc.



Research Institutions by
Country in Li-air.
y

Powered by VantagePointTM –
Search Technology Inc.


3. Combination of semantic TRIZ and Tech Mining.

Leading companies in patent portfolio and trends in Li-Air

Powered b G ldfi TM – I
P d by Goldfire Invention M hi C
ti Machine Corp.



Solutions of different industries to the specific problem of oxygen diffusion in lithium
1.addition of metal oxide
Moreover, addition of the metal oxide in the described manner apparently increases the macroporosity and total pore volume of the
activated carbon.
EP-2289609 A1Method for making activated carbon for odor control

2.special treatment
Special treatments have been developed for increasing the pore volume and the specific surface area of activated carbons (T.
Ottawa, R. Tanibata, M. Itoh, G Separation Purification 1993, 7, 241).
O Gas S f )
US-20110005392 A1PROCESS FOR SEPARATION OF CO2 BY PRESSURE-MODULATED ADSORPTION ON A POROUS CARBON
SOLID

3.application of acid treatment with aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid
It was confirmed that the pore volumes of the porous carbon materials according to the present invention ...the mercury
invention... the
penetration method were significantly increased by the application of an acid treatment with an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric
acid (expressed as “hydrofluoric acid...
US-20100069507 A1Porous Carbon Materials and Production Process Thereof, and Adsorbents, Masks, Adsorbing Sheets and
Carriers

4.thermal activation process
The thermal activation process greatly increases the pore volume and surface area of the carbon particles by elimination of volatile
pyrolysis products and from carbonaceous burn-off.
US-5769933Activated carbon foundry sand additives and method of casting metal for reduced VOC emissions
EP-0813921 A1Foundry sand additive and method of casting metal

5.Mg deposition, decreasing specific surface area of parent carbon
Mg deposition either increases or decreases the specific surface area, pore volume, and average micropore width of the parent
carbon depending on the preoxidation temperatures.
MEDLINE/PubMed Abstracts: Changes in microporosity and CH4 adsorptivity of preoxidized pitch-based activated carbon fibers by
Mg deposition.
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Graphene in Li‐Air

18
16
14
12
10
8
6 Graphene

4
2
0
1995 1997 1999 2000 2003 2009 Graphene
2010 2011



Applications of graphene in Li-Air energy storage systems

superior physical attribute
Lithium (Li) based rechargeable batteries are a further class of energy storage devices where
Lithi b d h bl b tt i f th l f t d i h
graphene has been employed due to its reported superior physical attributes.
An overview of graphene in energy production and storage applications2011 .pdf

as metal-free electrode with greatly enhanced electro-catalytic activity
As depicted in Fig. 6, Dai et al. have reported that nitrogen-doped graphene acts as a metal -free
electrode with a greatly enhanced electro -catalytic activity , long-term operation stability, and
tol- erance to crossover effect than Pt for oxygen reduction via a four-electron...
yg

as super-capacitor material
The use of graphene as a super -capacitor material has been widely reported, with many studies
reporting graphene as a far superior super capacitor material than existing carbon...
super-capacitor

as ideal cathode materials
Graphene nanosheets (GNSs) have been reported as ideal cathode materials for
Nitrogen-doped
Nitrogen doped Graphene Nanosheets as Cathode Materials with Excellent Electrocatalytic Activity
for High Capacity Lithium-oxygen Batteries
Nitrogen-doped Graphene Nanosheets as Cathode Materials with Excellent Electrocatalytic Activity
for High Capacity Lithium-oxygen Batteries 2012.pdf

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Solution to such problem identification as early research directions
.


3. Solution to such problem identification as early research directions.



An example of lithium anode limitations overcome by commercial
solutions : Polyplus.

Pat nº US 7824806 B2


4. CONCLUSIONS.

The mining of thousands of documents and patents can bring
some more rigorous clues of what are the key trends. The main
research line around improving cathode performance with LiFePO4 material was
p g p
identified.

Among emergent technologies was feasible to identify Li-Ar as
the most promising. Leap in articles and patents production indicators in last
years may suggest that Li-Ar is coming from the design to the improvement phase.


4. CONCLUSIONS.

the TRIZ inventive principles and laws come in hand to understand
many of the current limitations and its possible outcome in next
research results.

The usage of Tech Mining d
T h Mi i and syntactic-semantic t l better if
t ti ti tools,
complemented with a knowledge of TRIZ, can short cut the time needed
to analyze what is progressing as well as to ascertain in a more objective
and accurate way the trends identified, based on a vast array of
research, patented inventions and innovation, directions.


Questions?

triz XXI Valencia, M d id Fl id bl
t i XXI: V l i Madrid, Floridablanca-Santander, Santiago d Chil Sâo Paulo, Monterrey
S t d S ti de Chile, Sâ P l M t

THANKS!
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