PSpiceによるバッテリー回路アプリケーション

PSpiceによるバッテリー回路アプリケーション

株式会社ビー・テクノロジー
http://www.bee-tech.com/
horigome@bee-tech.com
Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Inc. 2010 1

EDA

Designer

Technology
Device
of
Model
Simulation


モデル

デザインキット
回路方式のテンプレート

回路解析シミュレータ
PSpice (ABMライブラリーが豊富)

ABM=Analog Behavior Model

http://www.bee-tech.com/


スパイス・パーク http://www.spicepark.com/
55種類のデバイス、3,328モデル(2010年7月29日現在)をご提供中。
現在、グローバル版スパイス・パークを準備中。


Bee Style: http://www.spicepark.com/
スパイス・パークのログイン後トップページにて、PDFでバックナンバーも含め
PDF形式で参照及びダウンロード出来ます。


バッテリーのスパイスモデルの推移

放電特性放電特性充電特性
付加抵抗付加抵抗 +
一定可変放電特性

リチウムイオン電池
ニッケル水素電池
鉛蓄電池


Design Kit
PV Li-Ion Battery System


1.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries Pack Specification

BAYSUN’s Lithium-Ion Batteries Pack : Power Battery Plus (PBT-BAT-0001)

• Capacity............................65[Wh], 4400[mAh] (Approximately)

• Rated Current....................3[A]

• Input Voltage.......................20.5 [Vdc]

• Output Voltage....................12.8 ~ 16.4 [Vdc] ( 4 cells )

• Charging time......................5[hours] (Approximately)


1.2 Discharge Time Characteristics

18V
D1

DMOD

PARAMETERS: Voch
16V rate = 1 16.8Vdc
CAh = 4400m 0
Hi

0.2C ( 880 mA ) 0
C1 U1
14V 0.5C ( 2200 mA ) IN+ OUT+ 1n + - PBT-BAT-0001
IN- OUT-
G1 0 TSCALE = 3600
GVALUE SOC1 = 100
1C ( 4400 mA ) limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.01, 0, rate*CAh )

12V TSCALE=3600 means
0 time Scale (Simulation
time : Real time) is
Batteries Pack Model Parameters 1:3600
10V
NS (number of batteries in series) = 4 cells
C (capacity) = 4400 mA
SOC1 (initial state of charge) = 100%
8V TSCALE (time scale) , simulation : real time
0s 1.0s 2.0s 3.0s 4.0s 5.0s 6.0s 1 : 3600s or
V(Hi) 1s : 1h
Time
Discharge Rate : 0.2C(880mA), 0.5C(2200mA), and 1C(4400mA)


1.3 Single Cell Discharge Characteristics

Single cell

Measurement Simulation
4.50
0.2C ( 880mA )
0.5C ( 2200mA )
1.0C ( 4400mA )
4.00

VOLTAGE [V]
3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10
SOC [%]

• Single cell discharge characteristics are compared between measurement data and simulation data.


1.4 Charge Time Characteristics

SOC [%] D1
100V PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2 DMOD
CAh = 4400m

80V G1 Voch
GVALUE 16.8Vdc
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 0, rate*CAh ) 0
Hi
60V

OUT+
OUT-
C1 U1 0
40V 1n + - PBT-BAT-0001

IN+
IN-
0 TSCALE = 3600
20V SOC1 = 0
Vin
20.5Vdc
SEL>>
0V
Vbatt [V] ICharge [A] V(X_U1.SOC) 0
18V 5.0A
1 2 Batteries Pack Model Parameters

16V 4.0A NS (number of batteries in series) = 4 cells
C (capacity) = 4400 mA
14V 3.0A SOC1 (initial state of charge) = 100%
TSCALE (time scale) , simulation : real time
12V 2.0A 1 : 3600s or
1s : 1h
10V 1.0A
Charger Adaptor
>>
8V 0A Input Voltage = 20.5 Vdc
0s 1.0s 2.0s 3.0s 4.0s 5.0s 6.0s 7.0s
Input Current = 880 mA(max.)
1 V(Hi) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
Time


2.1 Solar Cells Specification

BP Solar’s photovoltaic module : SX330

• Maximum power (Pmax)..............30[W]

• Voltage at Pmax (Vmp).............16.8[V]

• Current at Pmax (Imp)...............1.78[A] 502mm

• Short-circuit current (Isc)...........1.94[A]

• Open-circuit voltage(Voc)...........21.0[V]

595mm

2.2 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation
SX330 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation

2.5A
SOL=1
2.0A

Current (A)
1.5A

SOL=0.5
+ 1.0A

U1 0.5A SOL=0.16
SX330 0A
SX330 SOL = 1 I(Isence)
40W

SOL=1
30W

Power (W)
20W
Parameter, SOL is added as SOL=0.5

normalized incident radiation, 10W
SOL=0.16
where SOL=1 for AM1.5 conditions SEL>>
0W
0V 5V 10V 15V 20V 25V 30V
I(Isence)* V(V1:+)
V_V1
Voltage (V)


3. Solar Cell Battery Charger

• Solar Cell charges the Li-ion batteries pack (PBT-BAT-001) with direct connect technique.
Choose the solar cell that is able to provide current at charging rate or more with the
maximum power voltage 100V
(Vmp) nears the batteries pack charging voltage.
80V

• PBT-BAT-0001 (Li-ion batteries pack)
60V

– Charging time is approximately 5 hours with charging rate 0.2C or 880mA
40V

– Voltage during charging with 0.2C is between 14.7 to 16.9 V
20V

0V
V(X_U1.SOC)
18V 5.0A
1 2
16.9 V
16V 4.0A
14.7 V
14V 3.0A

12V 2.0A

0.2C or 880mA
10V 1.0A
SEL>>
8V 0A
0s 1.0s 2.0s 3.0s 4.0s 5.0s 6.0s 7.0s
1 V(Hi) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
Time


3.1 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit

Over Voltage Protection
Circuit
Short circuit current ISC
depends on condition: SOL
16.8V Clamp Circuit

Photovoltaic Lithium-Ion
Module Batteries Pack

SX 330 (BP Solar) PBT-BAT-0001 (BAYSUN)
Vmp=16.8V DC12.8～16.4V (4 cells)
Pmax=30W 4400mAh


3.2 PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit

D1

PARAMETERS:
DMOD
sol = 1
Voch
16.8Vdc
pv 0
Hi

+ C1 U1 0
U2 1n + - PBT-BAT-0001
SX330
SX330 SOL = {sol}
0 TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 0
0

• Input value between 0-1 in the “PARAMETERS: sol = ” to set the normalized incident
radiation, where SOL=1 for AM1.5 conditions.


3.3 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition

100V

80V

60V

40V

sol = 1.00
20V
sol = 0.50
sol = 0.16
0V
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s
V(X_U1.SOC)
Time

• Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and 0.16.


3.4 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit
+ Constant Current

Circuit
Short circuit current ISC
depends on condition: SOL
16.8V Clamp Circuit

Constant
Photovoltaic Current Lithium-Ion
Module Control Batteries Pack
Circuit

SX 330 (BP Solar) Icharge=0.2C (880mA) PBT-BAT-0001 (BAYSUN)
Vmp=16.8V DC12.8～16.4V (4 cells)
Pmax=30W 4400mAh


3.5 Constant Current PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit

D1

PARAMETERS: PARAMETERS:
DMOD
sol = 1 rate = 0.2
CAh = 4400m
Voch
16.8Vdc
pv 0
Hi
OUT+
OUT-
+ C1 U1 0
U2 1n + - PBT-BAT-0001
SX330
IN+
IN-

SX330 SOL = {sol}
0 TSCALE = 3600
G1 SOC1 = 0
GVALUE
0 Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 0, rate*CAh)

• Input the battery capacity (Ah) and charging current rate (e.g. 0.2*CAh) in the
• “PARAMETERS: CAh = 4400m and rate = 0.2 ” to set the charging current.


3.6 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition
(Constant Current)

100V

80V

60V

40V

sol = 1.00
20V
sol = 0.50
sol = 0.16
0V
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s
V(X_U1.SOC)
Time

• Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and 0.16. If PV can generate
current more than the constant charge rate (0.2A), battery can be fully charged in about 5
hour.


4.1 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery System in 24hr.

The model contains 24hr. Circuit
solar power data (example).
16.8V Clamp Circuit

Photovoltaic Lithium-Ion
Module Batteries Pack

Low-Voltage PBT-BAT-0001 (BAYSUN)
SX 330 (BP Solar) Shutdown DC12.8～16.4V (4 cells)
Vmp=16.8V Circuit 4400mAh
Pmax=30W
Vopen= (V)
Vclose= (V)
DC/DC
DC Load
Converter

VIN=10~18V VIN = 5V
VOUT=5V IIN = 1.5A


4.2 Short-Circuit Current vs. Time (24hr.)
The model contains
24hr. solar power data
(example).
2.0A

1.6A
+

1.2A
U2
SX330 SX330_24H_TS3600

0.8A

0.4A

0A
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
I(X_U1.I_I1)
Time

• Short-circuit current vs. time characteristics of photovoltaic module SX330 for 24hours as the
solar power profile (example) is included to the model.


4.3 PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit
Solar cell model with D1
24hr. solar power Set initial battery
data. voltage, IC=16.4, for DMOD

convergence aid. Voch
16.8Vdc
pv 0
D2
batt
DMOD
C1
+ 100n U1 0
Low-Voltage Shutdown Circuit IC = 16.4 + - PBT-BAT-0001
U2
SX330 SX330_24H_TS3600
VON = 0.7 0 TSCALE = 3600
VOFF = 0.3 E1 SOC1 = 70
RON = 0.01 Ronof f EVALUE
0 ROFF = 10MEG 100 IF(V(batt1)>V(dchth),5,0) Ronof f 1
+ Lctrl batt1
+ OUT+ IN+
C3
- - OUT- IN- dchth 100
10n
S2
Conof f
1n
SOC1 value is initial
0 OUT+ IN+
S IC = 5
OUT- IN-
Conof f 1 State Of Charge of the
100n
PARAMETERS: E2 battery, is set as 70%
Lopen = 14 EVALUE
IF( V(lctrl) > 0.25 ,Lopen ,Lclose) of full voltage.
Lclose = 15.2 0

Lopen value is load DC/DC Converter 7.5W Load
shutdown voltage. (5Vx1.5A).
PARAMETERS:
Lclose value is load n=1 out_dc
reconnect voltage IN OUT
G1 Iomax I1
E3
IN+ OUT+ 1.5Adc
IN+ OUT+ IN+ OUT+
IN- OUT- IN- OUT- IN- OUT-
GVALUE ecal_Iomax EVALUE
EVALUE IF( I(OUT)-V(Iomax) > 0 ,n*V(%IN+, %IN-)*I(IN)/(I(OUT)+1u), 5 )
0
n*V(%IN+, %IN-)*I(IN)/5

Limit( V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 1m, 5*I(out)/(n*limit(V(%IN+, %IN-),10,25)) )
0
DCDCコンバータの簡易モデル
0  Simulation at 15W load, change I1 from 1.5A to 3A

DCACコンバータの簡易モデルもあります。

4.3.1 Simulation Result (SOC1=100)

PV generated current
1.0A

0A
I(pv) PV module charge the battery
17.5V 2.0A
1 2
Battery voltage
15.0V 0A
Battery current >>
12.5V -2.0A Battery supplies current when solar
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS) power drops.
100V
75V
Battery SOC SOC1=100 Fully charged,
50V
stop charging
25V
0V
V(X_U1.SOC)
7.5V 600mA
DC output voltage
1 2
5.0V
DC/DC input current 500mA
2.5V
SEL>>
0V 400mA
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
Charging
Time
time

• C1: IC=16.4
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world) • .Options ITL4=1000
• Step size: 0.01s



1.0A

0A
17.5V 2.0A
1 2 V=Lopen (7.6750,15.199)
Battery voltage
15.0V 0A
Battery current V=Lclose
SEL>> (5.1850,14.000)
100V
SOC1=70
75V
Battery SOC Fully charged,
50V
stop charging
25V 10.152m,69.889)
0V
V(X_U1.SOC)
7.5V 1.0A Shutdown
DC output voltage
1 2
5.0V
DC/DC input current 0.5A
2.5V
>> Reconnect
0V 0A
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
Charging
Time
time

• C1: IC=16.4
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• .Options ITL4=1000
• SKIPBP



1.0A

0A
17.5V 2.0A
1 2 (7.6150,15.193)
Battery voltage V=Lopen
15.0V 0A
Battery current >> V=Lclose
(1.6328,14.004) Battery supplies current when solar
12.5V -2.0A
100V

Battery SOC (12.800m,29.854) Fully charged,
SOC1=30 stop charging
SEL>>
0V
V(X_U1.SOC)
7.5V 1.0A
DC output voltage
1 2
5.0V Shutdown
2.5V Reconnect
>>
0V 0A
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN) Charging time
Time

• C1: IC=15
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• .Options ITL4=1000
• Total job time = 2s



1.0A

0A
17.5V 2.0A
1 2 (7.6163,15.200)
Battery voltage
15.0V 0A
Battery current SEL>> V=Lclose
100V

Battery SOC Fully charged,
SOC1=10 stop charging

0V
V(X_U1.SOC)
7.5V 1.0A
DC output voltage
1 2
5.0V Shutdown
2.5V Reconnect
>>
0V 0A
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN) Charging time
Time

• C1: IC=14.4
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world) • .Options RELTOL=0.01
• Step size: 0.01s • .Options ITL4=1000
• SKIPBP


4.3.5 Simulation Result (SOC1=100, IL=3A or 15W load)

1.0A

0A
17.5V 2.0A V=Lopen
1 2
Battery voltage V=Lopen (7.6086,15.200)
(3.8973,14.000) (20.473,14.003)
15.0V 0A
Battery current SEL>>
12.5V -2.0A
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
Battery supplies current when solar
100V
power drops.
75V
Battery SOC SOC1=100 Fully charged,
50V
stop charging
25V
0V
V(X_U1.SOC)
7.5V 2.0A
DC output voltage
1 2 Shutdown
5.0V Shutdown
2.5V
>>
0V 0A
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
Charging
Time
time

• C1: IC=16.4
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world) • .Options ITL4=1000


4.3.4 Simulation Result (Example of Conclusion)

The simulation start from midnight(time=0).
The system supplies DC load 7.5W.

• If initial SOC is 100%,
– this system will never shutdown.
– this system will shutdown after 5.185 hours (about 5:11AM.).
– system load will reconnect again at 7:40AM (Morning).
– this system will start shutdown.
– this system will reconnect again at 7:37AM (Morning).
• With the PV generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 4.25
hours.


4.3.4 Simulation Result (Example of Conclusion)

The simulation start from midnight(time=0).
The system supplies DC load 15W.

– this system will shutdown again at 8:28 PM (Night).
• With the PV generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about
5.5 hours.


Bee Technologies Group

デバイスモデリング
スパイス・パーク(スパイスモデル・ライブラリー)
デザインキット
デバイスモデリング教材

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