Dr. Yong Gan, Associate Professor, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

1. Sophia Chan, Eric Duong, Yong X. Gan
Department of Mechanical Engineering
California State Polytechnic University Pomona
February 13, 2014

2. • Understand the theory and fabrication of nanoparticles
• How nanoparticles are applied to cancer treatment

3. • Research was first done to understand how nanoparticles are
used in cancer treatment
• How did the heat generated by nanoparticles aid cancer
treatment

4. • Chemotherapy
- Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF) are attached to gold
nanoparticles with Thiol-derivatized Polyethylene Glycol
• Heat Generation
- Absorbtion of infrared light from a laser produces heat
generation in the nanoshells
• Combination (Chemotherapy and Heat Generation)
- Nanoparticles act as a drug carrier while a laser
produces heat generation

5. • Also known as magnetic nanoparticles
• Exhibits valuable physical and chemical characteristics that can
be used in numerous applications in biomedicine
-
Cell seperation
Drug delivery
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Hyperthermia

6. • Magnetic nanoparticles are first mixed within a carrier
fluid(medicine)
• Direct injection or tumor specific antibody targeting is then
applied to target the tumor
• Using various instruments, the tumor is then exposed to an
alternating magnetic field to generate heat by magnetic
relaxation mechanisms

8. Ethylene glycol
Ammonium flouride
Deionized water
Power supply

9. • Making the Solution
• 95% Ethylene glycol
• 1% Ammonium flouride
• 4% Deionized water
• Power supply
• Kept at 12 Volts
• Process time
• 24-48 hours

10. • Takes too long
• Very little nanoparticles made
• Wastes electricity, since it needed more than12V of power to
excite the electrons of the iron rod
• Solution will get old, so constant of changing is required
• Since if the solution works best and fastest when it is fresh

11. • Iron (III) nitrate
nanahydrate
• potassium hydroxide

12. • Preparing the solution
• Iron (III) nitrate nanahydrate, ACS, 98.0-101.0%
• Potassium hydroxide (P5958-250G) 2%
• Solution precipitates
• Iron oxide (Fe2O3/FeO/Fe3O4)

13. • Put the solution in the
centrifuge machine
• To separate the precipitate
with solution
• Collecting the precipitate
and letting it dry
• The dried precipitate is the
nanoparticles used for
experiment

18. • Trying to prove that MNP in different quantities can reach high
temperatures in less time
• Procedure
• Heat one sample at a time
• In a time interval of 1 second
• Take temperature reading
• Let it set cool to the initial temperature
• Repeat same above steps for the consecutive second

19. •
•
•
•
Sample 1 and 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
Sample 5
Sample
1and 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
Sample 5
• Specimen schematic

21. 200
180
160
Temperature (˚F)
140
120
Sample 1
100
Sample 2
Sample 3
80
Sample 4
Sample 5
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
Differential Time (sec)
4
5

22. 0.0007
Heat Transfer (BTU/hr-ft^2)
0.0006
0.0005
0.0004
Sample 3
Sample 4
0.0003
Sample 5
0.0002
0.0001
0
0
2
37
66
Differential Temperature (˚F)
116

23. • MNP has a unique magnetic property
• Heating Mechanism
• No specific proof of how it works
• There are 3 assumptions
• The initial assumption for heating mechanism is the susceptibility loss.
• The other heating mechanism that starts to be activated is the
hysteresis loss
• Viscous heating or magnetic stirring

24. • Time is always the most golden factor for cancer treatment
• Electromagnetic waves were to excite the magnetic
nanoparticles
• To force them through the phase of the delay in the relaxation
of the magnetic moment through either the rotation within the
particle or the rotation of the particle itself
• Different losses that goes through that blocks off magnetic
nanoparticles and the moments that cannot switch were the
reasons behind the generation of heat was beneficial

25. • NSF Grant No. CMMI-1333044
• CAFA Faculty Development Grant
• Cal Poly Pomona 2013-2014 RSCA Program