The presentation aims at studying the quality of air in delhi and doing a correlative study between the quality of air and various health impacts that occur . also a study of increase in pattern of patients in hospitals due to various respiratory diseases . various pollutants of the air are studied for this and also the sources and for sample few regions were selected in delhi , also a sesonal variation is studied due to air pollution. Further functions like household production function and demand function indicating an impact on household due to pollution . a data sample was collected and an econometric and graphical analysis is also done

1. UTKARSH YADAV

2. Relevance and Scope
Over the last few decades, several studies have been
undertaken in various parts of the world to prove the
relationship between air quality and health
Few studies have been conducted for the Asian region
According to World Health Organization (WHO)10, urban
air pollution is responsible for approximately 800,000 deaths
and 4.6 million lost life-years annually around the globe
The problem of air pollution has assumed serious
proportions in Delhi, which is also reflected by an increase in
the respiratory and cardiovascular mortality11

6. A report published by the Directorate of Economics
and Statistics, Government of National Capital Territory
(NCT) of Delhi (New Delhi, India) found a higher
percentage of certified death (24.9% in 2012
compared to 16.4% in 2009) due to disease of
respiratory and circulatory system both of which are
believed to have direct linkages with air pollution.

7. SCOPE
Evidence from different studies has shown that
respiratory and cardiopulmonary disease is strongly
associated with air quality
Delhi is considered among the most polluted
megacities of the world19 and offers a first-hand choice
to study air pollution problems.
air quality report published by the Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB), Government of India (GoI)
reported that Delhi has exceeded the annual average
reparable particulate matter (RSPM) concentration limit
by more than four times the national annual standards

8. The city itself accounts for about 8% of the total
registered motor vehicles in India, which is more
than three other metropolitan cities
The annual report on registration of births and
deaths in Delhialso shows an increasing trend in
respiratory mortality in certified deaths for the period
2006-2014

9. Literature review
 Guideline document. World Health Organization, 2000. (a study which
talked about Evaluation and use of epidemiological evidence for
environmental health risk assessment)
 Modeling the association between particle constituents of air
pollution and health outcomes. 2012 paper by Mostofsky, E.,
Schwartz, J., Coull
 Health Care Manage paper by Jayaraman, G(Air pollution and
associated respiratory morbidity in Delhi.)
 Journal of Environmental & Resource Economics by Kumar, S
and D N Rao (2001),(Valuing Benefits of Air Pollution
Abatement Using Health Production Function)
 Discussion Paper no. 62/2003, Delhi:Institute of Economic
Growth, IEG Website.by Murty, M N, S C Gulati and A Banerjee
(2003),(Health Benefits from Urban Air Pollution Abatement in
the Indian Subcontinent,”)
 Air Pollution and Respiratory diseases by Varadarajan, D B and V
Subramanian (1993)

10. Main Points
 Assessment of the quality of air has been
done studying various pollutants
 A comparative study has been done
considering different cities and abroad also
 Also seasonal variations of pollutants has
been studied considering variety of seasons
India has
 A deep study of health ailments occurring from
bad quality air and its association
 Increase in the mortality rate and no. of
patients with respiratory ailments in opd wards
of major hospitals.

11. OBJECTIVE
-To interpret air quality through Air Quality Index(AQI)
and understand health impacts of air pollutant
concentration levels monitored .
-To estimate benefit and cost of air pollution abatement in
Delhi using
a)Household health production function
b)Demand function
HYPOTHESIS
According to the AQI system air quality is associated
with mortality and respiratory morbidity rate of Delhi,

12. Methodology
(Air Quality index)
 Daily averaged concentration data of air pollutants were
interpreted into AQI values for different air quality Monitoring
stations for the period 2006–2014 based on the US EPA method
 Air quality monitoring stations were compared based on yearly
percentage trend in each of the health categories
 Higher AQI value denotes poor air quality and an increasingly
large percentage of the population is likelyto experience
increasingly severe adverse health effects

13.  To study the strength of association of AQI values on
mortality rate, weighting factor (e.g. 1 for AQI category
‘Good’, 2 for ‘Moderate’, 3 for ‘Unhealthy for sensitive
groups’, 4 for ‘Unhealthy’, 5 for ‘Very unhealthy’, 6 for
‘hazardous’, and 7 for ‘most hazardous’) was used for
 aggregating the frequency percentage of different AQI
classes.
 The weighted aggregated AQI (WAAQI) values
were correlated with all non-trauma mortality rate and
respiratory morbidity rate to study the association of AQI
with health implications.
AQI formula

15. Household health production
function & Demand function
 HHPF is a function that measures the
health benefits of reduced air pollution
by directly using the willingness to pay
information through valuation methods.
Depends on no. of work days lost.
 Demand function is another part of
individuals utility function where the
expenditure on all the mitigating
activities is minimized and is measured
by no. of days of sickness

16. Equations
 Dependent variables
a)Work Lost Days (H): H represents the
number of workdays lost per person per
week due to diseases / symptoms
associated with air pollution

17. b)Mitigating Activities (M): Mitigating activities
(M) include expenses incurred as a result
of air pollution related diseases. These
expenditures include costs of medicines,
doctor’s fees, diagnostic tests,
hospitalization, travel to doctor’s clinic, etc.,
per person, per week.
independent variables
a) Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10,)
b) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
c) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

18. variation of air quality index (AQI) frequency
at different air quality monitoring stations

19. Season-wise percentage distribution of poor
air quality in Delhi

20. Correlation analysis between all mortality rate (per
lakh population) and air quality index

21. Working data

22. Results :household health
production function

23. Results :demand function

24. Preliminary results:
Air Quality Index
 significant relationship of AQI values with
mortality rate as well as respiratory
morbidity rate.
 air quality in Delhi shows a gradual
deterioration in with respect to the AQI
values from 2005 onwards
 Statistical analysis shows a significant
association of the AQI values in relation to
the all non-trauma mortality rate (r = 0.877,
P < 0.01) and respiratory morbidity rate

25. Household health production
function
 Positive coefficients of all pollution
parameters indicate an increase in
workdays lost as pollution level
increases
 Also there is a decrease in the work
days lost during clear and hot weeks
 People suffering from chronic diseases
are more susceptible to air pollution
exposure there more work days lost

26. Demand function
 The coefficients of pollution parameters
show there is an increase in the
mitigating activities (medical
expenditure) with the increase in the
pollutants levels
 Temperature coefficients show the
mitigating expenses reduces on sunny
and hot days.

27. SOURCES
 National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Program me of Delhi
 Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
Government of National Capital Territory (NCT)
of Delhi(website)
 Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB),
(website)
 Delhi Statistical Handbook21 and ‘Report on
medical
 certification of cause of deaths in Delhi’
 Department of meteorology website
 Guideline document. World Health Organization,
2000.

28. THANK YOU