New trends which can improve crop yield.

1. New Trends of Vegetable
Production
Ubaid Abdul Khaliq
17-arid-3261
Submitted to:
Ms. Najma Yousaf Zahid
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2. Introduction
• Modern farming techniques are being introduced world-wide to
overcome agriculture issues. Despite of great potential of vegetable
production in Pakistan the yield is low due to traditional methods.
• The new trends can ensure food and ecological safety.
• Some new innovations are being followed in developed countries
while developing countries still lack it. International organizations are
working hard to implement these technologies in developing
countries to increase production of vegetables.
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3. Agricultural production losses after medium-
to large-scale disasters (2003-2013)
86%
10%
4%
Asia
Flood
Drought
Strom
3

4. Agricultural production losses after medium-
to large-scale disasters (2003-2013)
90%
9% 1%
Africa
Drought
Flood
Strom
4

5. Necessity of new methods
• Heavy losses of vegetable production in field and of field due to
disasters and poor handling.
• Chemicals threatening the ecology
• Over-come food security threats
• Sustainability
• High quality
• Economical benefits
5

6. New Trends
• Organic farming
• Tissue culture
• Hydroponics
• Drip irrigation
• Off-season farming
• Aeroponics
• Vertical farming
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7. Organic Faming
No use of synthetic chemicals
Rely upon biological system of nutrient mobilization
The modern face of organic agriculture emerged in the late 1960s
High demand
Includes techniques like:
• Crop rotation
• Green Manuring
• Organic bio fertilizers
• Zero Tillage
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8. Objectives
• Economic Efficiency
• Long Term security of yield
Economical
• Improving Biodiversity
• Functioning ecosystem
Ecological
• Saving rural communities
• Regional food availability
• Improving lives
Social
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9. Organic Farming area
Region Ha
Asia 53 936
Africa 30 401
Oceania 50 500
Europe 3 778 944
Latin America 2 923 936
North America 1 325 000
TOTAL: 8 189 717
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10. Organic Vs Conventional Farming
• Conventional farming relies upon chemical fertilizers, pesticides and
weedicides whereas there are different approaches in organic farming which
is beneficial for plants, environment as well as humans.
• Although conventional farming may be helpful in producing high yield, but
it plays a very negative role in biodiversity, effecting the environment by
water pollution and air pollution, causing loss of nutrients in the soil,
pollinators being killed, and causing threats to human health.
• On the other hand organic farming helps soil retaining its health, without
any chemical pollution, protection the environment and maintaining the bio
diversity.
• These things have encouraged organic farming to produce food in
sustainable approach.
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11. Organic Vs Conventional Farming
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12. Organic Farming
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13. Hydroponics
Soil-less agriculture
Instead of soil vermiculite, perlite, and coco peat used as a medium in
trays.
Supply of proper nutrients in a controlled environment
Stand your plants in a plastic trough and let a nutrient solution trickle
past their roots (with the help of gravity and a pump)
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14. Hydroponic vs Conventional Farming
Hydroponic is 90% more efficient in irrigation.
Hydroponics increases productivity 3 to 10 times in the same amount of
space.
Many crops can be produced twice as fast in a well-managed hydroponic
system.
Decreasing the time between harvest and consumption increases the
nutritional value of the end product.
Indoor farming in a climate controlled environment means farms can exist in
places where weather and soil conditions are not favorable for traditional
food production.
No chemical weed or pest control products are needed when operating a
hydroponic system.
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15. Hydroponics Vs conventional farming:
Year Commercial
Hydroponic
Open Field
Pakistan
Tons/ha
Pakistan
Tons/ha
Indian
Tons/ha
Asia
Tons/ha
World (ave)
Tons/ha
2009-10 168.4 10.524 18.6092 34.353 33.939
2010-11 158.3 9.538 19.5984 34.601 33.475
2011-12 154.3 10.137 19.1052 33.942 33.501
2012-13 166.3 10.099 20.5656 34.236 32.566
Average Yield 161.8± 06.6 10.07±0.4 19.47±
0.83
34.28±
0.27
33.37±0.57
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16. Hydroponics
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17. Tunnel Farming
• Cultivating out-of- season crops in protected controlled atmosphere inside
polythene tunnels is called Tunnel Farming.
• Flexible Transparent covers
• Installed over rows or individual beds
• Warm air and soil
• Protection from hails, cold wind
• Cost effective where temperature falls below 8C for 30-40 days
• The tunnel construction offers maximum crop yield, better maintenance of
the fertility of land, controlled temperature and humidity, protection from
wild animals and insects and better water conservation.
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18. Tunnel Farming Vs Open field
• Increase cost of using season, extender production system
• High yield
• High profits
• Sustainability
• Frost and hail protection
• Summer vegetables are susceptible to insects, pests and diseases that
can be grown in winter by marinating the temperature through well-
established production technology of vegetable tunnel farming.
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19. Tunnel farming Yield Comparison
Vegetable Tunnel Flat Difference
picking
s
quantit
y
Amount
(Rs)
Picking
s
qualit
y
Amount(Rs
)
Amount
Flat bean 11 39.4 1576 7 34.9 1376 200
Sponge
Gourd
12 18.4 276 7 4.55 53.25 222.75
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20. Tunnel Farming
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21. Drip irrigation
• In this system water is applied in the root zones of the plant with the
help of pipes connected with water tanks.
• It can also supply nutrients with water.
• Water provided in optimum amount.
• Reduced Runoff.
• Low chance of weed and fungal disease.
• Low operating pressures with consequent reduction of energy costs
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22. Comparison with other methods
• Achieved higher water use efficiency than other irrigation methods
• Crop yield and quality improvement
• Economically viable
• Ecofriendly
• Not lead to development of adverse soil properties (salinity, sodicity).
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23. Comparison with furrow irrigation system
Irrigation type Applied water Yield
Furrow 261 1934
Sub-surface drip 112 1838
Surface drip 112 1675
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24. Drip Irrigation System
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25. Tissue Culture
• Tissue culture, is a method in which fragments of tissue from a plant
is transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue
to survive and function. The cultured tissue may consist of a
single cell, a population of cells, or a whole or part of an organ. Cells
in culture may multiply; change size, form, or function; exhibit
specialized activity or interact with other cells.
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26. Tissue Culture
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27. References
• Malik, A.M., K.M. Mughal, S.A. Mian and A.U. Khan. 2018. Hydroponic
tomato production and productivity improvement in
Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 31(2): 133-144.
• Anjum, A. S., Chattha, M. R., Khan, M. A., Imran, M., & Kasana, M. I.
(2013). Comparative management of organically sown vegetables
under tunnels and field conditions. International Journal of Biology
and Biotechnology, 10(2), 275-278.
• Yussefi, M., & Willer, H. (2002). Organic agriculture worldwide
2002. Statistics and future prospects. Söl-Sonderausgabe, (74).
• FAO
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