2. ATELECTASIS
Atelectasis is a lung condition characterized by
collapsed, airless alveoli.
Atelectasis may be acute or chronic
Acute atelectasis due to general anesthesia.
Chronic atelectasis due to obstructive disorders.
(pneumothorax, blocked airway)
3. Range of pathophysiologic changes , from
Microatelectasis (which is not detectable on chest
x-ray) to……..
Macroatelectasis with loss of segmental, lobar, or
overall lung volume.
4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiology
Excess secretion of mucus in bronchial tree
Causes blockage in airflow.
Trapped alveolar air becomes absorbed into the
bloodstream
Affected portion (of alveoli ) lung becomes airless and the
alveoli collapse. If condition continues for longer period ,
it cause collapse or obstruction of the airways
which leads to atelectasis.
5. CLINICAL MANISFESTATION
Cough with chest pain.
Sputum production
low-grade fever.
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Pleural pain
Central cyanosis (skin lips turn blue)
6. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES.
Complete health history.
Physical examination: Decreased breath sounds
and crackles are heard over the affected area.
chest x-ray: Patchy infiltrates or consolidated
areas.
Arterial blood gas studies.
Chest CT or Bronchoscopy.
12. CONTINUED….
Secretion management techniques may include
Directed cough,
Suctioning,
Aerosol nebulizer treatments
Chest physical therapy
Postural drainage and chest percussion
13. TRATMENT OF ATELECTASIS
(Along with above preventive points)
Oxygen administration via continuous or
intermittent positive pressure-breathing (IPPB).
Antibiotic therapy.
Thoracentesis, removal of the fluid by needle
aspiration, or insertion of a chest tube.
Bronchoscopy: To open an airway obstructed by
lung cancer or a nonmalignant lesion.
Cryotherapy or Laser therapy
15. NURSING MANAGEMENT:
Assess the respiratory status
Monitor Spo2, Pao2 ,Paco2
Administer oxygen if required.
Administer medication as ordered.
Check need for invasive oxygen therapy.
Educate patient to cough & deep breathing
exercises.
Steam inhalation.
Perform chest physiotherapy
Incentive spirometry.
16. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Ineffective airway clearence related to excess
mucus secretion.
Ineffective breathing pattern related to obstruction
Ineffective tissue perfusion
Activity intolerance
Knowledge deficit