Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. It can be caused by airway obstruction, infections, genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis, or immunodeficiencies. Symptoms include chronic cough, excessive sputum production, recurring lung infections, shortness of breath, and finger clubbing. Diagnosis involves chest imaging, sputum analysis, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on airway clearance techniques, antibiotics for infections, and sometimes surgery to remove diseased portions of the lung.

1. BRONCHIECTASIS

2. BRONCHIECTASIS
 Bronchiectasis is a chronic, irreversible
dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles.
 Dilatation of the Bronchial Tubes

3. CAUSES
 Airway obstruction
 Diffuse airway injury.
 Pulmonary infections and obstruction of the
bronchus.
 Complications of long-term pulmonary
infections
 Genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis
 Abnormal host defense (eg, ciliary
dyskinesia or humoral immunodeficiency)
 Idiopathic causes

4. PREDISPOSING FACTORS
 Recurrent respiratory infections in early
childhood,
 Measles,
 Influenza,
 Tuberculosis
 Immunodeficiency disorders.

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to causative agents
Damages the bronchial wall, ( loss of its supporting
structure)
Resulting in thick sputum that ultimately obstructs the
bronchi.
The walls of bronchi become permanently distended
and distorted, impairing muco-ciliary clearance
The retention of secretions and obstruction ultimately
cause the alveoli distal
(ventilation– perfusion imbalance) and hypoxemia.

6. CLINICAL MANISFESTATION.
 Chronic cough
 Production of purulent sputum in copious amounts
 Hemoptysis.
 Clubbing of the fingers
 Repeated episodes of pulmonary infection
 Weight loss
 Shortness of breath.
 Wheezing.

7. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES.
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Chest x-ray ,
 Sputum studies.
 Pulmonary function test
 Arterial blood gas studies.
 Computed tomography.(CT scan )
 Bronchoscopy. Bronchogram

8. COMPLICATION OF BRONCHIECTASIS
Atelectasis. Collapse of the alveoli is a
common complication.
Pneumonia. Infection is recurrent in
patients with bronchiectasis.
Empyema. Overproduction of sputum
causes the bronchi to be filled with pus.

9. CHEST X-RAY FINDING FOR
BRONCHIECTASIS
Normal Chest X-ray

10. CT SCAN REPORT OF BRONCHIECTASIS

11. BRONCHOGRAM STUDYOF BRONCHIECTASIS
Normal lung Bronchiectasis X-ray

12. MANAGEMENT
 Postural drainage : To promote bronchial drainage
& clear excessive secretions
 Bronchoscopy. To remove mucopurulent sputum.
 Chest physiotherapy, including percussion
 Antimicrobial therapy Based on type of infection.
 Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines .
 Bronchodilators: Theophylline
 Nebulizers. & Steam inhalation.

13.  Postural drainage

14. Bronchoscopy

15. Nebulization
machine
Steam
Inhalation
machine

16. SURGERY MANAGEMENT
 Segmental resection
to remove a segment of
a lobe.
 Lobectomy : Removal
of disesases part of a
lobe
 Pneumonectomy:
Removal of an entire
lung

17. PREVENTION OF THE BRONCHIECTASIS
 Smoking cessation
 Lifestyle modification
 Nutritional balanced diet
 Appropriate treatment of respiratory
infection.
 Personal hygiene.

18. NURSING DIAGNOSIS FOR
BRONCHIECTASIS
 Impaired gas exchange related to
ventilation-perfusion imbalance.
 Ineffective airway clearance related to
increased mucus production.
 Ineffective breathing pattern related to
mucus and airway irritants.
 Activity intolerance related to hypoxemia
and ineffective breathing patterns.
Assignment

19. NURSING CARE
 Assess the general condition . Collect complete
history.
 Perform physical examination
 Provide comfortable bed & position.
 Provide nutritious diet
 Quit smoking & alcohol drinking
 Careful monitoring of the post-operative cases
 Breathing & coughing exercises.
 Nebulization & steam inhalation
 Health teaching : diseases condition , treatment
regimen.