This presentation describes about the basic working of Maglev Train

1. MAGNETIC LEVITATION
PRECAP…..
1. Introduction
2. Summary
3. Theorem related to its principle
4. Uses and its Practical Application in MAGNETIC BEARING….
Prepared By:
13BEE110 SHETHNA VASAV
13BBEE111 SHINGALA TUSHAR
Guided by:
Prof. Hormaz Amrolia

2. Magnetic Levitation
Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to levitate a (usually) metallic
object.
Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces can levitate an object.
Using either Ferromagnetism or Diamagnetism object can be levitated.
A superconductor is perfectly diamagnetic and electromagnets can exhibit
varying levels of ferromagnetism.
Most important application of Magnetic Levitation is Trans-rapid magnetic lift
trains.

3. As a means of
eliminating
friction or
physical contact
Frictionless
bearings
High speed
Ground
Transportation
Areas of Attraction

4. Maglev Train
MAGLEV = MAGnetic + LEVitation

5. History of Maglev Train
• In the 1960s in Britain Eric Laithwaite developed a
functional maglev train. His maglev had 1.6 km of track and
was in detail tested. His research was stopped in 1973
because lack of money and his progress was not enough. In
the 1970s, Germany and Japan also began research and
after some failures both nations developed mature
technologies in the 1990’s.

6. Basic Principle of Maglev Trains
Maglev trains have to perform the following functions to operate in high
speeds
1.Leviation
2.Propulsion
3.Guidance

7. Types of Maglev Trains
Based on the technique used for Levitation the are two types of Maglev
trains
1. Electromagnetic Suspension -Attractive
2. Electrodynamic Suspension -repulsive

8. EMS Technique
In the EMS-attractive system, the electromagnets which do the work of
levitation are attached on the top side of a casing that extends below
and then curves back up to the rail that is in
the center of the track.

9. Gap Sensor
 This attractive force is controlled by a gap sensor that measures the
distance between the rails and electromagnets.

10. EDS Technique
Electrodynamic Suspension uses Superconductors for levitation,
propulsion and lateral guidance.

11. Pros and Cons of Different
Technologies
TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS
EMS
(Electromagnetic
suspension)
Magnetic fields inside and
outside the vehicle are less
than EDS; proven,
commercially available
technology that can attain
very high speeds (500 km/h);
no wheels or secondary
propulsion system needed
The separation between the
vehicle and the guideway
must be constantly monitored
and corrected by computer
systems to avoid collision due
to the unstable nature of
electromagnetic attraction;
due to the system's inherent
instability and the required
constant corrections by
outside systems, vibration
issues may occur.

12. TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS
EDS
(Electrodynamic
suspension)
Onboard magnets and large
margin between rail and train
enable highest recorded train
speeds (581 km/h) and heavy
load capacity; has recently
demonstrated (December
2005) successful operations
using high temperature
superconductors in its onboard
magnets, cooled with
inexpensive liquid nitrogen
Strong magnetic fields onboard
the train would make the train
inaccessible to passengers with
pacemakers or magnetic data
storage media such as hard
drives and credit cards,
necessitating the use of
magnetic shielding; limitations
on guideway inductivity limit
the maximum speed of the
vehicle; vehicle must be
wheeled for travel at low
speeds.

13. PROPULSION
•The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides
of the guideway are energized by a three-phase alternating
current from a substation, creating a shifting magnetic field
on the guideway.
•The on-board superconducting magnets are attracted and
pushed by the shifting field, propelling the Maglev vehicle.
•Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current
in the reverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and
repulsive forces.

14. Propulsion force
This is a horizontal force which causes the
movement of train. It requires 3 parameters.
i. Large electric power supply
ii. Metal coil lining, a guide way or track.
iii. Large magnet attached under the vehicle.

15. Techniques of propulsion
Maglev vehicles are propelled primarily by one of the following three
options:
a. Linear synchronous motor (LSM) in which coils in the guide way are
excited by a three phase winding to produce a traveling wave at the
speed desired; Trans Rapid in Germany employs such a system.
b. Linear Induction Motor (LIM) in which an electromagnet underneath
the vehicle induces current in an aluminium sheet on the guide way.
c. Reluctance motor is employed in which active coils on the vehicle are
pulsed at the proper time to realize thrust.

17. How does it work
o A maglev train floats about 10mm above the
guideway on a magnetic field.
o It is propelled by the guideway itself rather than
an onboard engine by changing magnetic fields.
o Once the train is pulled into the next section the
magnetism switches so that the train is pulled on
again.
o The Electro-magnets run the length of the
guideway.

18. Principle of Lateral Guidance
When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway,
the super conducting magnet on the train induces a
repulsive force from the levitation coils on the side closer
to the train and an attractive force from the coils on the
farther side.
This keeps the train in the center.

19. Principle of Vertical Guidance
•The electromagnets on the underside of the train pull it up
to the ferromagnetic stators on the track and levitate the
train.
•The magnets on the side keep the train from moving from
side to side.

20. Advantages
•The train is earthquake proof because the greater space (10 cm)
between the track and the train leaves more room for track
deformation.
•Only the part of the track that is used will be electrified so no energy is
wasted.
• It’s top speed with people aboard is 350 mph.
• Since there is no friction these trains can reach high speeds.
• It is a safe and efficient way to travel.
•As no engine is required so there is no problem of attaching and
detaching the engine to run the train on either side.

21. Economic Aspect
• The initial investment is similar to other high speed rail roads.
• Operating expenses are half of that of other railroads.
• A train is composed of sections that each contain 100 seats, and a train
can have between 2 and 10 sections.
• The linear generators produce electricity for the cabin of the train ,
Thus it also consumes less energy.

22. Current Projects
• Currently operational systems include Transrapid (Germany ) and High
Speed Surface Transport (Japan ). There are several other projects
under scrutiny such as the SwissMetro, Seraphim and Inductrack. All
have to do with personal rapid transit.
• Germany and Japan have been the pioneering countries in MagLev
research.

24. REFERNCES
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGLEV_TRAIN
• J. Powell, G. Maise, and J. Paniagua, “MAGLEV: A new concept for
very low cost transportation using technique of magnetic levitation,”
paper IAF-01-S.6.04, 52nd International Astronautical Congress,
Toulouse, France, Oct. 1-5, 2001.