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6. Pleistocene period
• Period started : 2,588,000 years ago
• The Pleistocene ended 11,700 years ago.
• Man appears in Pleistocene period
• Pleistocene known as the ice age
• The name Pleistocene is the combination of
two Greek words: pleistos (most)
and kainos (new/ recent).
• It was first used in 1839 by Sir Charles Lyell, a
British geologist and lawyer.
7.
8. Pleistocene
• At the time of the Pleistocene, the continents had
moved to their current positions.
• Sheets of ice covered all of Antarctica, large parts of
Europe, North America, and South America, and
small areas in Asia.
• Overall, the climate was much colder and drier than it
is today.
• Since most of the water on Earth's surface was ice,
there was little precipitation and rainfall.
• The Pleistocene Epoch is the first in
which Homo evolved.
• At the end of the epoch humans could be found in
nearly every part of the planet.
12. Changing Climate Patterns of the Pleistocene Epoch
Pleistocene Epoch
Epoch
Climate
Years Ago *
(approximate)
Regional Name for Climate
Stage
European Alps
Holocene Interglacial 10,000 to the present
Pleistocene
Glacial 110-70,000 to 12-10,000 Würm
Interglacial 130-125,000 to 110,000 Riss-Würm
Glacial 200,000 to 130-125,000 Riss
Interglacial 380-300,000 to 200,000 Mindel-Riss
Glacial 455-410,000 to 380-300,000 Mindel
Interglacial 620,000 to 455-410,000 Günz-Mindel
Glacial 680,000 to 620,000 Günz
Evidence of glacial and interglacial episodes during the early Pleistocene
is less clear. However, it is believed that there were 2 or more glacials with
intervening interglacials. Between the Pleistocene and the preceding
Pliocene Epoch was a long period of gradual cooling.
Pliocene 5.3-2.6 million years ago--mostly warmer conditions than the Pleistocene
13. Pleistocene In Africa
Pluvial (अतिवृष्टि)
Pluvial
1. Kageran Pluvial
2. Camasian Pluvial
3. Gamblian Pluvial
Inter-Pluvial
• First Inter-Pluvial
• Second Inter-Pluvial
• Third Inter-Pluvial
14. Life during the Ice Age
• Man evolved in harsh climate conditions of
this period.
• Many vertebrates became extinct during this
period.
• Mammals including apes, cattle, deer, rabbits,
kangaroos, wallabies, bears, and members of
the canine and feline families found during
this time.
• Birds flourished during this period, including
members of the duck, geese, hawk and eagle
families.
16. Acheulean toolkit
Handaxe
• Hand-axe was basically a core-tool and was
produced by knocking off flake systematically
from several directions
• Hand-axe was used by hand rather than a
handle.
21. Holocene
• The Holocene Epoch is the current period of
geologic time.
• As Earth entered a warming trend, the glaciers
of the late Palaeolithic move away.
• As the climate changed, the very large
mammals that had adapted to extreme cold,
like mammoth and wooly rhinoceros, became
extinct.
• Humans, once dependent on these “mega
mammals” switched to smaller game.
22.
23.
24.
25. Paleolithic periods in
Holocene
• Mesolithic
• Neolithic
• Transformation in Human beings
• Adaptation to the new favorable climate
• Development in tool-kit
• Availability and extractions of resources
28. Holocene
• Agriculture is one of the primary ways in which
human activity has impacted the planet. By 8000
B.C.E.
• The cultivation of wheat, barley and other plants
had started.
• Domestication of sheep, goats and cattle began at
about the same time.
• A population expand.
• Village forming started
• Cultural Expantion.