Sedimentary rock would be the only type of rock that contains fossils because fossils form from the remains of once-living organisms that were buried in sediment layers and lithified over time to form sedimentary rock. Metamorphic rock would be good for building because the heat and pressure it undergoes transforms it into a very hard and durable material well-suited for construction.

1. 2.20.13
Article Review due Friday
Moving in on 1 week to finish up your project.

2. Review
Describe the sorting of elements in Earth’s crust
Relate mantel convection to the theory of plate
tectonics and provide evidence for the theory.
Compare and contrast types of plate contact

3. Question
How do minerals cycle?

4. Objectives
Describe the path of minerals through the rock cycle.
Compare and contrast igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks.
Differentiate between weathering and erosion.

5. The Rock Cycle
What was the name of
the cycle that we talked
about the other day?
Tectonic Cycle
Remind me what that
is

6. The Rock Cycle
Rock Cycle: Constant
formation and
destruction of rock
Slowest of all of
Earth’s cycles

7. The Rock Cycle
If you had to define the
term “rock” how would
you do it?
Rocks are composed of
minerals
So the question is, what
is a mineral?

8. The Rock Cycle
Mineral Characteristics
Solid
Uniform crystalline
structure
Form under specific
temperature and
pressure
Generally compounds

9. The Rock Cycle
We are going to move
through the rock cycle
using the formation of
each of the 3 major
types of rock.
Each type of rock
represents a step in the
cycle.
Does anyone known the
three types of rock?

10. The Rock Cycle
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

11. The Rock Cycle
Igneous
First step in the cycle
Forms from cooled
magma
Classified as basaltic
or granite and intrusive
or extrusive

12. The Rock Cycle
Igneous
Basaltic - dark colored,
high concentration of
dense elements, forms
oceanic crust
Granite - light color,
lighter elements, forms
continental crust

13. The Rock Cycle
Igneous
Intrusive - magma
cools underground.
Slow cooling leads to
large crystals and
coarse texture
Extrusive - cools
quickly on the surface.
Quick cooling leads to
small crystals and a
smooth texture

14. The Rock Cycle
Once rocks are on the
surface, what are the
subjected to?
The elements
What do you think the
elements do to the
rocks?
Break them down

15. The Rock Cycle
Weathering vs. Erosion
Weathering - the
breakdown of a rock
Erosion - the transport
of sediments that
result from weathering

16. The Rock Cycle
Weathering
Two types
Physical - physically
breaks down the
rock
No chemical change
Chemical -
chemically changes
the rock composition

17. The Rock Cycle
Weathering
Physical Weathering
How might a rock be
broken down
physically?

18. The Rock Cycle
Weathering
Freeze/thaw
Ice wedging
Abrasion
Biological action

19. The Rock Cycle
Chemical
Chemical reactions
lead to degradation
Can be sped up by
physical weathering
Primary minerals react
to form secondary
minerals

20. The Rock Cycle
Chemical
What could lead to
chemical weathering?
Water dissolving
minerals
Lichen dissolving rock
Acid Precipitation

21. The Rock Cycle
Erosion
The transport of
sediments produced
by weathering
Accomplished by
Wind
Water
Ice

22. The Rock Cycle
Erosion
When the erosive
force stops
deposition occurs
Deposition -
accumulation of
transported material
Human activities can
greatly enhance
erosion

23. The Rock Cycle
Sedimentary rock
What is the term for
the accumulation of
sediment?
As sediment collects,
what do you think
happens to the bottom
of the pile?

24. The Rock Cycle
Sedimentary rock
Lower layers of a
sediment pile are
subject to tremendous
pressure
Pressure causes
grains to cement
together
Forms sedimentary
rock

25. The Rock Cycle
Sedimentary rock
Generally has a
layered appearance
Why?

26. The Rock Cycle
Metamorphic Rock
Forms when rock is
exposed to extreme
heat and pressure
Where might this
occur?

27. The Rock Cycle
Metamorphic Rock
Continental
boundaries
Areas with a large load
of overlaying rock
layers
Exp. marble and slate
Often used as building
materials

28. The Rock Cycle
Why would sedimentary
rock be the only type of
rock that contains
fossils?
Why would metamorphic
rock be good for
building?