The UN Peacekeeping

1. The UN Peacekeeping
Operation in Lebanon
and South Sudan

3. Significance of the study
 The primary significance of UN peacekeeping
operation is halt armed conflict or to prevent its
recurrence. It achieves this goal by acting a physical
barrier, a “thin blue line”, between hostile parties and
monitoring their military movements.
 The secondary significance of UN peacekeeping is to
create a stable environment for negotiation.

4. Area of study
 The role and achievements of the
peacekeeping forces in Naquora, Lebanon-
United Nations Interim Force in
Lebanon(UNIFIL) and South Sudan-
United Nations Mission (UNMISS)in South
Sudan

5. Facts of the case (Lebanon)
 In the early 1970’s the tension along the Israel-Lebanon border increased,
especially after the relocation of Palestinian commando operations against
Israel and Israeli reprisals against Palestinian bases in Lebanon
intensified. On 11 March 1978 , a commando attack in Israel resulted in
many dead and wounded among the Israeli population. The Palestinian
Liberation Organization (PLO) claimed the responsibility for that raid. In
response, Israeli forces invaded Lebanon on the night of 14/15 March
1978, and in a few days occupied the entire southern part of the country
except for the city of Tyre and its surrounding area.
 On March 15, 1978, the Lebanese Government submitted a strong protest
to the security council against the Israeli invasion, stating that it had no
connection with the Palestinian Commando Operation . On March 19, the
council called upon Israel immediately to cease its military action and
withdraw it forces from all Lebanese territory. It also decided on the
immediate establishment of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
(UNIFIL). The first UNIFIL arrived in Lebanon on March 23, 1978.

6. Originally UNIFIL was established to:
 Confirm Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon;
 Restore international peace and security and
 Assist the Lebanese Government in restoring its effective authority in the area.
*Following the July/ August 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah war, the Security council
expanded UNIFIL’s task to:
 Monitor the cessation of hostilities
 Accompany and support of the Lebanese armed forces (LAF)
 Coordinate these activities w/ the Government of Lebanon and Israel
 Extend its assistantance to help ensure humanitarian access to civilian populations
 Assist the LAF in taking steps the establishment between the Blue line and the
Litani river of an free of any armed personnel, assists, and weapons other than
those og the Gov’t of Lebanon and of UN IFIL deployed in this area;
 Assist the Gov’t of Lebanon in securing its borders and other entry points to
prevent the entry in Lebanon w/o its consent of arms or related material.

7. Facts of the case (South Sudan)
 On July 9 2011, South Sudan became the newest country in the world. The birth of
the Republic of South Sudan is the culmination of a six year peace process which
began with the signing of the comprehensive Peace Agreement(CPA) on January 9,
2005 between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation
Movement(SPLM), which ended more than 20 years of war.
 The Security council determined that the situation faced by South Sudan
continued to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region.
The security council established United nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS)
for an initial period of one year, starting from July 9, 2011 for an initial period of one
year with the intention to renew for further periods as may be required.
 UNMISS’ objective is to consolidate peace and security, and help establish
conditions for development in the Republic of South Sudan, with a view to
strengthening the capacity of the Government of South Sudan to govern effectively
and democratically and established good relations with its neighbors.

8. Analysis of the Data: Lebanon
 UNIFIL Facts and Figures
o Location: Southern Lebanon
o Headquarters: Naqoura
o Duration: March 1978 to
present
 Current authorization until 31
August 2013
o 15,000 troops, supported by
International and Local Civilian
staff
 Current ( 31 July 2012 )
o 11, 530 troops total uniformed
personnel
o 345 International Civilian
Staff*
o 662 Local Civilian Staff*
 Country Contributors of Military
Personnel ( 38 )
 Armenia, Austria, Bangladesh,
Belarus, Belgium, Brazil,
Brunei, Cambodia, China,
Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, El
Salvador, France, FYR of
Macedonia, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Guatemala, Hungary,
India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy,
Malaysia, Nepal, Nigeria,
Portugal, Qatar, Republic of
Korea, Serbia, Sierra Leone,
Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Tanzania, Timor-Leste and
Turkey

9.  Note: Statistics for
International and Local
Civilians are as of 30 June
2012
 Fatalities
o 278 troops
o 2 military observer
o 8 International Civilian
o 6 Local Civilian
___
o 294 total
 Financial Aspects
o Method of Financing:
Assessment in respect of
a Special Account
o Approved Budget:
( 1 July 2012 – 30 June
2013 ): $546,902,700

10. Analysis of the data: South Sudan
Facts and Figures Country Contributors
 United Nations Mission in
the Republic Of South Sudan
( UNMISS )
 In South Sudan since July 2011
Strength: 8,596 total, including:
Uniformed personnel: 6,079
o Troops: 5,476
o Military observers: 124
o Police: 479
 Fatalities: 2
o 1 troop
o 1 international civilian
 Military personnel (52 countries)
 Australia, Bangladesh, Benin,
Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso,
Cambodia, Canada, China,
Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Fiji, Germany, Greece,
Guatemala, Guinea, India, Japan,
Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan,
Malaysia, Mali, Moldova,
Mongolia, Namibia, Nepal, New
Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Papua
New Guinea, Paraguay. Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Republic of
Korea, Romania, Russian
Federation, Rwanda, Sierra Leone,
Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland,
Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Uganda,
Ukraine, United Kingdom, Yemen
and Zambia.

11.  Financial Aspects
 Method of Financing:
Assessment in respect
of a Special Account
 Approved Budget
(07/2012- 06/2013):
$876,160,800
 Note: Statistics for
International and Local
Civilians are as of 30
June 2912
 Police Personnel (28
countries)
 Argentina, Australia,
Bangladesh, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Canada,
China, El Salvador,
Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia,
Germany, Ghana, India,
Indonesia, Jamaica,
Kenya, Kyrgyzstan,
Malaysia, Namibia,
Nigeria, Norway,
Philippines, Rwanda,
Samoa, Sri Lanka,
Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey

12. Conclusion
 On Lebanon: UNIFILS mission has been a failure in most
respect as it did prevent both parties to send small groups
to attack the other party through the years.
 On South Sudan: More than any other ongoing
peacekeeping mission, a rather large sum amount of money
is spent to fund the UNMISS. The UN Support the
Government of the Republic of South Sudan in developing
and Strengthening the major sectors economics, industry
and most specially the capacity of the Republic of South
Sudan Police Services through advice on policy, planning,
and legislative development, as well as training and
mentoring in key areas.

13. Recommendation
 On Lebanon: Though having a high toll on fatalities,
the peacekeeping mission should continue to steer
clear of the further much-bigger-scale of bloodbath
that might happen once the Peacekeeping force are
pulled-out.
 On South Sudan: A peacekeeping force should be
present in South Sudan up until the international
community can see that the fledging state can already
defend itself in terms of military capabilities and can
stand on its own, economically and politically.