This certificate certifies that Venkata Krishna Kumar Padhyayula successfully completed a course on "Economic Tools in LCA - Life Cycle Costing, External Costs and Cost-Benefit Analysis" from February 2-6, 2015 in Bangalore, India. The course covered topics such as basic economic concepts relevant to life cycle costing and assessment, integrating life cycle costing and assessment, valuing externalities, and communicating results to decision makers.

1.
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT
VENKATA KRISHNA KUMAR PADHYAYULA
HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED THE COURSE:
“ECONOMIC TOOLS IN LCA - LIFE CYCLE COSTING,
EXTERNAL COSTS AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS”
FEBRUARY 2-6, 2015
BANGALORE, INDIA
THE COURSE INCLUDED THE FOLLOWING TOPICS:
• Basic economic concepts with relevance for LCC and LCA
• Definition and types of LCC and comparisons with CBA
• Integration of LCC and LCA
• Data sources for LCC and CBA, added values, prices, taxes and subsidies
• Interpretation of LCC results and the identification of hotspots
• Distinction between biophysical, economic and social externalities
• Cost shifting and accounting for externalities in LCA and CBA
• Monetary valuation methods, their suitability for different applications
• Interpretation of LCC results and monetarised externalities, using the E2
vector to evaluate the product system for hotspots with low added value
and high external costs
• Discounting, its rationale and the choice of discount rates in economic,
social and environmental contexts
• The distribution of incomes and external costs on social groups
• The use of marginal utility in decision support
• Sensitivity analysis and uncertainties
• The limitations of monetary valuation and economic analysis in LCA
• Communicating the results of LCC and monetary valuation to LCA experts
and decision makers
Signed in Barcelona on February 10th
2015 by:
Professor Bo P. Weidema
President of ILCA