Site consideration

1. SITE CONSIDERATION
AR.VIJAY KUMAR

2. WHAT IS SITE CONSIDERATION ?
SITE CONSIDERATION IS DEFINED AS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH WE ANALYIS WETHER THE SITE IS SUITABLE
FOR DEVELOPMENT FOR A HABITABLE SPACE OR NOT .
THE FACTORS THROUGH WHICH WE CONSIDERED A SITE
ARE :
 TOPOGRAPHY , CLIMATE
 BUILDABLE QUALITIES. ( SOIL , SLOPE AND
VEGETATION)
 BUILDABLE AREA
 SITE CONFIGURATION
 SHAPE
 SLOPES AND GRADES OF SITE
 CONTOURS
 DEPTH OF WATER TABLE
 ROADS ( ATRIAL ROAD AND HIGHWAYS )
 MARGI AL EXCESS STREET (40 ‘ MIN)
 COLLECTOR ROADS ( 32 ‘ MIN)
 MINOR ROADS ( 30’-60’) / LOOP (50’-60’)
 CULDISAC (40 ‘ MIN)
 ALLEYES
 PARKING
1. CURVE PARKING ( PARALLEL ,BURFER, PERPENDICULAR
PARKING)
2. GARRAGES
3. LAND PARKING
4. VECHICULAR TURN
 LOCATION OF UTILITY
1. WATER SUPPLY
2. SANITARY SEWER
3. STORM
4. WATER DRAINAGE
5. ELECTRICITY
6. TELEPHONES
7. TV CABLES
8. GAS PIPE LINES
 NOISE CONTROL
1. AIR CRAFT- MIN 3.5 – 16 MILES AWAY
2. HIGH WAY
 WATER FOR FIRE PROTECTION
 ACESS TO SITE
 ACESS TO BUILDING
 SOLAR ENERGY
 SECURITY
 SURVEY LENSE
 UNASIGNED SPACES
 INFLUENCE OF SURROUNDING OR
NEIGHBOURHOOD

3. TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE :
 IT PLAYS A MOST IMPORTANT PART IN DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATNESS OF THE LOCATION AND DESIGN OF A
SITE .
GRADE CHANGES PERMIT MORE IMAGINATIVE DETERMINATIONS OF BUILDING TO BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS ,
AUTOMOBILE STORAGE AND OUTDOOR PASSIVE AND ACTIVE RECREATION AREAS THAN DO SITES LACKING IN
IRREGULARITIES.
THE LATTER ARE DEPENDENT ON EXCAVATIONS , MANMADE HILLS AND WATER BODIES AND ARCHITECTURAL
FORMS TO CREATE INTEREEST .
A HIGH SITE GENERALLY HAS MORE INHERENT POSSIBLITIES FOR BROAD VISTA AND IT CAN BE SEEN FROM A
DISTANCE AND EASILY IDENTIFIABLE FOCAL POINT OF ITS SURROUNDINGS HAS A DEFINITE PSYCHOLOGICAL
ATTRRACTION.
A LOW SITE CAN ALSO BE DESIRABLE IN AREAS OF CLIMATE EXTREMES FOR HOLLOW TEND TO BE PROTECTED
FROM BOTH EXCESSIVE HEAT AND COLD .
SINCE LOCAL CLIMATEIC CONDITIONS CAN BE INFLUENCED ARTIFICIALLY THROUGH THE USE OF VEGETATION ,
STRRUCTURAL BARRIERS , MANMADE TOPOGRAPHY AND CENTRAL HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS.

4. BUILDABLE QUALITIES :
THREE FACTORS ARE OF MAJOR CONCERN UNDER THIS GENERAL HEADING :
 SOILS
 SLOPES
VEGETATIONS
• THEY ARE TESTED FOR DRAINAGE , WATER TABLE LEVEL AND LOAD BEARING CAPACITIES OF ALL BUILDING
TYPES AND LOCATION OF SITE.
• ROCK OUT CROPPINGS CAN COMPLICATE INITIAL SITE PREPRATION AND IF SOILS NOT WELL SUITED TO
THE GROWTH OF PLANT MATERIALS CAN BE TREATED .
• SLOPES ARE CONDUICE TO IMAGINATIVE SITE PLANNING .IT REQUIRE ELABORATE FOOTINGS AND A
GREAT DEAL OF EARTH MOVING TO CREATE USABLE GROUND AREAS.
• THE FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION REQUIRS A MINIMUN SLOPE OF 1 PERCENT AND A MAXIMUM
OF 8 PERCENT AROUND THE BUILDING .
• PARKING ON SLOPES IS OFTEN DANGEROUS AND UNSIGHTLY.
• SERIOUS EROSION AND DRAINAGE PROBLEMS HAVE RESULTED FROM POOR HANDLING OF STEEP LAND _
IMPROPER TERRACING FOR BUILDING SITES , CARELESS PLACING OF BUILDINGS ,NEGLECT OF THE BANKS
OF DRAINAGE CHANNELS THAT CARRY AWAY WATER DURING HEAVY RAINFALL.
• THE VALUE OF VEGETATION AS AN ASPECT OF SITE QUALITY CANNOT BE OVERESTIMATED.TREES AND
SHURBS ENHANCE THE LIVABILITY OF HOUSSING AREAS .
• IF AN UNDEVELOPED SITE CONTAINS HEALTHY AND ATTRACTIVE VEGETATION THAT SHOULD BE
PRESERVED OR IN ANOTHER SITE IN WHICH LACK OF VEGETATION SHOULD BE BUILT EARLIEST.

5. SHAPE :
THE SHAPE OF SITE IS A CRITICAL FACTOR AND INFLUENCES USABILITY OF THE SITE .
FACTORS THAT MUST EVALUATED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF SITE SHAPE :
SIZE
ACCESSIBILITY
VISIBILITY
THE EFFECT OF THE SHAPE OF THE SITE ON THE SIZE OF POTENTIAL BUILDING LOCATIONS , ALL APPLICABLE
SETBACK REQUIRENMENTS IN THE LOCAL ZONING ORDINANCE MUST BE DEFINED AND LOCATED.

6. SLOPES AND GRADES OF SITE :
 THE GRADE OF PHYSICAL FEATURE , LANDFORM
OR CONSTRUCTED LINE REFERS TO THE TANGENT
OF THE ANGLE OF THAT SURFACE TO THE
HORIZONTAL .
 THE GRADES AND SLOPE OF EXISTING PHYSICAL
FEATURES SUCH AS CANYONS , HILLSIDES ,
STREAMS AND RIVER BANK .

7. LOCATION OF UTILITIES :
EACH UTILITY COMPANY OR AGENCY HAS ITS OWN STANDARDS AND REQUIRENMENTS, WHICH IS RARELY RELATE
TO THE OTHER UTILITES .
SERVICING OR INSTALLATION OF NEW LINES FREQUENTLY REQUIRES BREAKING UP OF THE STREET AND DISRUPTION
OF TRAFFIC .
IN ANY NEW HOUSING DEVELOPMEMT , THE LOCATION AND INTERRELATIONSHIP OF ALL UTILITY LINES MUST BE
CAREFULLY STUIDED FOR EFFICIENCY AND APPEARANCE .

8. WATER SUPPLY :
IT MAINS MAY BE LOCATED UNDER THE SIDEWALK , IN THE PLANTING STRIP OR UNDER THE STREET .
MINIMUM DESIGN REQUIRENMENT WILL BE LOCATE THEM ATLEAST 10 FT FROM THE NEAREST SEWER OR GAS
MAIN AND ABOVE THE HIGHEST SEWER MAIN.
IN CASE WELLS ARE USED , THE USUAL RECOMMENDED MINIMUM DISTANCES ARE 50 FT FROM SEPTIC TANKS AND
SEWERS , 100FT FROM DRAINAGE FIELDS.

9. SANITARY SEWER :
THESE MAINS ARE LOCATED ON THE CENTRELINE OF THE ROAD.
IF IT WERE LOCATED IN THE PLANTING STRIP , THE ROOTS OF THE TREES MIGHT CAUSE BREAKS IN THE
PIPES.
THE SEWER LINE SHOULD BE LOCATED BELOW THE WATER SUPPLY MAINS.

10. STORM SEWER :
IT IS GENERALLY LOCATED ONE –THIRD THE DISTANCE FROM THE CURB LINE TO THE CENTERLINE OF STREET .
IT IS ALWAYS LOCATED ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE STREET FROM THE WATERLINE.
ELECTRICITY :
BEST LOCATED IN AN UNDERGROUND CONDUIT, OVERHEAD POWER LINES ARE OFTEN SITUATED ABOVE
PLANTING STRIPS , CAUSING INTERFERENCE WITH TREES , THE DANGER OF FALLING WIRES AND UNSIGHTLY
APPEARANCE .
ALTERNATE LOCATION FOR POWER LINES IS AT REAR OF THE LOTS , EITHER ABOVE OR BELOW GROUND AND
THEN SERVICE LINES ARE BROUGHT TO THE HOUSE .
GAS :
IT GENERALLY LOCATED UNDER THE PLANTING STRIP .
THEY NORMALLY DO NOT HAVE ANY SPECIAL REQUIRENMENTS .

11. NOISE CONTROL :
NOISE CONTROL OR NOISE MITIGATION IS A SET OF STRATERGIES TO REDUCE NOISE POLLUTION OR TO REDUCE
THE IMPACT OF THAT NOISE, WHETHER OUT DOOR OR INDOOR.
THE VARIOUS WAYS TO CONTROL NOISE ARE :
 BUILDING CAN BE LOCATED IN THE QUIET AREAS OF SITE WITH WINDOWED FACADES THE QUIET AREAS, AND
WITH HEAVY , WINDOW LESS WALLS FACING THE SOURCE OF SOUND.
 IF THE BUILDING IS RELATIVELY CLOSE TO A MAJOR HIGHWAY OR RAILWAY , AND IF THE BUILDING IS TO BE
FAIRLY LONG, TWO DESIGN CONCEPT CAN BE EMPLOYED .
1. IS TO ORIENT THE BUILDING MAJOR AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO THE DIRECTION OF THE HIGHWAY OR
RAILWAY , AND THEN TO LOCATE THE NOISY SENSITIVE EXTERIOR ROOMS AT THE END OF THE BUILDING
FARTHEST FROM THE ROADWAY OR TRACK.
2. IS TO ORIENT THE BUILDING AXIS PARALLEL TO THE HIGHWAY OR RAILWAY AND TOO PROVIDE MATERIAL
HAVING A EXTREMELY HIGH SOUND INTENSITY RATIO ON THE FAÇADE FACING NOISE SOURCE.
 SOUND LEVELS .
 A RANDOM OR STAGGERED BUILDING LAYOUT OR CLUSTER OF BUILDING WITH NO PARALLEL FACES WILL
AVOID THIS PROBLEM OF MULTIPLE REFLECTION OF SOUND WAVES BETWEEN OPPOSITE BUILDING
 IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT THAT THE BUILDINGS NOT BE PARALLEL WHEN LOCATED ON BOTH SIDES OF AN
EXPRESSWAY IN ORDER TO AVOID MULTIPLE REFLECTION OF SOUND WAVES WHICH INCREASES

13. WATER TABLE : THE LEVEL BELOW WHICH THE GROUND IS COMPLETELY SATURATED WITH WATER IS CALLED
WATER LEVEL OR IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS GROUND WATER TABLE , UPPER LEVEL OF AN UNDERGROUND SURFACE IN
WHICH THE SOIL OR ROCKS ARE PERMANENTLY SATURATED WITH WATER . THE WATER TABLES SEPERATES THE
GROUND WATER ZONE THAT LIES BELOW IT FROM THE ZONE OF AERATION, THAT LIES ABOVE IT.

14. CONTOURS: AN OUTLINE ESPECIALLY OF A CURVING OR A IRREGULAR FIGURE .A CONTOUR MAP IS A MAP
ILLUSTRATED WITH CONTOUR LINES FOR EXAMPLE A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP, WHICH THUS SHOWS VALLEYS AND HILLS ,
AND STEEPNESS OF SLOPES.

15. ROADS ( ARTERIAL ROAD , HIGHWAYS) : AN ARTERIAL ROAD IS A HIGH CAPACITY URBAN ROAD .
THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF AN ARTERIAL ROAD IS TO DELIVER TRAFFIC FROM COLLECTOR ROADS TO
FREEWAYS OR EXPRESS WAYS, AND BETWEEN URBAN CENTRES AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF SERVICE
POSSIBLE.

16.  MARGINAL EXCESS STREET .(40 ‘ MIN)
 COLLECTOR ROADS .(32 ‘ MIN ) : IT IS A LOW TO MODERATE CAPACITY ROAD WHICH SERVES TO MOVE
TRAFFIC FROM LOCAL STREETS TO ARTERIAL ROADS
 MINOR ROADS ( 30’ – 60 ‘) : A SIDE ROAD IS A MINOR HIGHWAY TYPICALLY LEADING OFF A MAIN ROAD .
A SIDE ROAD MAY BE SO MINOR AS TO BE UN CATEGORIZED WITH A ROAD NUMBER. IN URBAN AREA , A SIDE
ROAD MAY BE A NARROW STREET LEADING OFF A MORE MAJOR STREET , ESPECIALLY IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA.
 CUL –De -SaC ( 40 ‘ MIN ): A STRRET THAT IS DESIGNED TO CONNECT TO ANOTHER STREET AT ONLY ONE
END.

17. HIGHWAYS : AN HIGHWAY IS ANY PUBLIC ROAD OR OTHER PUBLIC WAY ON LAND . IT IS USED FOR MAJOR
ROADS, BUT ALSO INCLUDES OTHER PUBLIC ROADS AND PUBLIC TRACKS
FOR EXAMPLE : NATIONAL HIGHWAY IN INDIA
 EXPRESS WAYS IN INDIA , A DUAL CARRIAGEWAY SECTION OF NATIONAL HIGHWAY 8 CONNECTING DELHI TO
GURGAON
 DURGAPUR EXPRESSWAY NEAR KOLKATA
 THE 8 LANE NATIONAL HIGHWAY 21 ROAD PASSING THROUGH CHANDIGARH

18. BUILDING ORIENTATION : ORIENTATION IS THE PLACEMENT OF A BUILDING OR APARTMENT SO THAT IT
MAY OBTAIN THE BEST ADVANTAGES IN RELATION TO ITS PHYSICAL LOCATION . THE MAJOR CONSIDERATION IN
ORIENTATION OF A BUILDING OR DWELLING UNIT ARE
1. SUNLIGHT
2. PREVAILING BREEZES
3. VIEWS

19. PARKING : PARKING IS ACT OF STOPPING AND DISCNGAGING A VECHILE AND LEAVING IT UNOCCUPIED
.PARKING ON ONE OR BOTH SIDE OF ROAD IS OFTEN PERMITTED.
BUFFER : THE BUFFER SYSTEM IS SIMILAR TO THE
PARKING BAY, EXCEPT THAT THIS ARRANGEMENT
SEPERATES PARKING MANEUVERING FROM ROAD WAY
TRAFFIC. IT OCCUPIES MORE AREA THAN PARKING BAY AND
MAY ALSO SERVE INDIVIDUAL BUILDING OR GROUPS OF
BUILDING.

20. PARALLEL : IT IS SIMILAR TO THE BUFFER SYSTEM IN ALL RESPECT EXCEPT THAT THIS DESIGN IS MORE
EFFICIENT IN SO FAR AS IT USES A DOUBLE LOADED PARKING AISLE.LIKE THE PAKING COURT , IS LOCATED ON A
FAIRLY ACTIVE STREET.
GARAGES :
 USING THE BASEMENT OF APARTMENT BUILDING FOR PARKING PURPOSES PRESENT PROBLEMS THAT MUST
BE WEIGHTED AGAINST EACH OTHER TO DETERMINE THE MOST ECONOMICAL MANNER OF PROVIDING SPACE
FOR THE REQUIRED NUMBERS OF CARS
 THE TYPE OF PARKING AND THE NUMBER OF CARS CAN BE ACCOMMODATE DEPEND UPON THE DIMENSIONS
OF THE SPACE AND LOCATION OF COLOUMNS IN THE AREA ASSIGNED TO PARKING

21. VECHICULAR TURN

22. THANK YOU