This is about types of lines, line arrangements, shapes, forms, texture, types of motif and pattern

2. Introduction
Use these elements According to these To attain the objectives
Principles
 Line, form &shape, color, Proportion, Beauty
 Pattern, texture, Balance, Rhythm, Expressiveness
 Light and space Emphasis, harmony Functionalism
The elements of art are the key components of
a work of art.

3. Introduction
To understand or to create a work of art the
following basic art elements are essential i.e.
 Line
 Shape and form
 Color
 Texture
 Pattern
 Light and
 Space

4. Lines are unidimensional elements. They
connect the two points and create a path.
Line works in a design in the following ways:
Directing
Dividing
Psychological effect
Optical illusion

5. Types of lines
Position wise Shape wise
Vertical Horizontal Diagonal Straight Curved Wavy Curved elongated

6. Lines can be used to create height width, stability,
rounding of corners change straight lines to
curved lines to add delicacy, beauty.

7. Use of Lines in
Interior Design

8. Vertical lines
characteristics represent dignity, formality,
stability, strength, height, masculinity,
positiveness, alertness, spiritual, boldness,
elegance and divinity
Skyscraper
Madrid, Spain
Brandenburg Gate
Berlin
The Empire State Building
Architect: Shreve, Lamb, and Harmon
•Good example of Art Deco

10. Horizontal lines
represent calm, peace, relaxation, solidity, strength, negative,
passive and duration, and earthy.
Software Solutions
Kansas City, MO
Architect: Frank Lloyd
Wright, 1990
Community Christian Church
Kansas City, MO
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright, 1940

12. Diagonal lines
sense of
movement,
interest,
dramatic
effect,
restlessness,
indecisivene
ss, action,
and activity.

14. curved line seems gracious and
flexible. Full curves are active,
forceful and feminine while
soft curves are passive, gentle,
feminine, smooth and youthful.
Curved lines
often appear more natural
than angular lines and
give the sense of freedom
and soothing mood
Sydney Opera House
Jorn Utzon

17. Zigzag lines
erratic, intense, abrupt, insecurity,
confusion, agitation, fun and busy.

18. Perpendicular lines:
These are conflicting, disturbing lines and attract attention.

19.  Converging lines:
These give
weight, older look
and dragging effect.
 Diverging lines:
These are
youthful, uplifting
and light.

20.  Cross
Four angles are
in opposition and
suggest conflict and
contrast. To be used
in decoration in
combination with
other less forceful
patterns.

21.  Spirals:
These are
natural, continuous
and feminine with
eye catching effect.
 Wavy lines:
These represent
feminity, sensuality,
gentleness,
excitement, power,
security and grace.

22. Lines of opposition
These are
represented by
two straight lines
meeting to form
a right angle. It
implies violence,
between two
opposing forces

23. Are an easily recognized form of
harmony and indicates strength.
Lines repeated at intervals seem
less violent.
Lines of repetition

24. Lines of contradiction
These are sharp, harsh lines,
abrupt, not pleasing as when
lines cuts corner of right angle.

25. Lines of transition
Are always better even though their
placement is similar to that of contradiction.

26. Lines create or imply SHAPES
Shapes can be open or closed
Lines around a shape are CONTOUR lines

27. Shape and Form
Shape (2D):
The two-dimensional contour that
characterizes an object or area. Shape can be
described as the contour, profile, or
silhouette.
Shapes are been differentiated into many categories:

28. Natural shapes: These represent softness and irregularity

29. Geometric shapes: These represent hardness, regular and
rectangular eg; circles, triangles, squares.

30.  Too many rectangles and squares may produce
monotony. Qualities include clarity, stability, and
certainty.
 Pure, strong and its own quality of beauty, easily
handles, fit snugly together, sturdy, unity and rhythm.
Eg; houses, rooms, beds, tables, TV sets, sofas,
chairs, benches etc.
Rectilinear shapes: These are also called orthogonal created by
lines, plane and volumes positioned at 90 degrees to another.

31.  These are dynamic;
introduce a note of
variety and surprise.
 Most stable forms, still
express greater flexibility
by changing the angles.
Eg; sloping, rooflines,
triangular/corner tables
Angular shapes: These include triangles & pyramids.

32. The three dimensional
projection of a shape, it has
volume, dimension, appears to
have mass. This element is
frequently used in sculpture.
It may also refer to the overall
organization of the work of
art, as a second meaning.
Form: (3D)

33. Two essentials of good form/rules given by Louis :
•Form of an object should suit its function
Ex: outdoor furniture - weather proof
•Form of an object should be strongly influenced by the material
from which it is made. Ex. Furniture - Wood, Vase-brass
Forms are two types: Natural and manmade forms are existent in our visual
world.
Natural: eg; animals, vegetables, fruits, foliage etc.
Manmade: eg. Painting, sculpture, music, building etc.

35. Texture
The word texture comes from a Latin word meaning to
weave.
It refers to the qualities that are perceptible through the
sense of touch by feeling them or perceiving the tactile
quality of an object.
Eg: the roughness of sandstone, the softness of a deep pile
rug, the smoothness of glass, and the shininess of growing
leaves all produce a peculiar sensation because of previous
association with these textures.

36. Some textural qualities are:
Roughness Shiny Grooved Soft Porous Marbled
Smooth Glossy Silky Blistered Pliable Granular
Curly Furry Delicate Leathery Satiny Prickly
Velvetty Lacy Rubbery Foamy Thorny Crumpled

37. Smooth Texture
Exterior metal façade of Disney Concert
Hall Los Angeles
Glass façade of a high
rise office building

38. Rough Texture
Park Guell – Barcelona, Spain
Architect: Antonio Gaudí

40. Texture affects us in different ways.
•It affects physically in everything we touch - if
coarse/harsh - irritating, sleek/shiny - slippery and cold.
The most liked is not very rough/smooth.
•Affects light reflection, hence appearance of any room is
affected - smooth materials and polished metal like satin
reflect light brilliantly, attract attention, make colour look
clean and strong; Moderately rough surfaces like pottery
absorb light evenly, hence colour look less brighter and
darker; very rough surface when combined with medium
texture, set vigorous patterns of light and dark.

41. •Factor in household maintenance - Smooth,
shiny material are easy to clean; brightly
polished material show any foreign matter; rough
surface like brick and rugs are harder to clean,
less attention to foreign matter.
•Texture is the source of beauty and individuality.
•When rooms are small and have few windows,
smoother textures should be used.
•Larger rooms with more windows and open
spaces can utilize the rougher textures with more
grace.

42. Pattern
Pattern refers to extrinsic surface
enrichment and applies to both two-
dimensional and three-dimensional
objects. It is created by the use of
line, form, space, light and color.
Pattern is the planned repetition of a motif.

43. Integral pattern: It is also called structural pattern. It is produced from
the essential character of a material, the manner in which the material is
employed, as well as its shape and finish.

44. Surface pattern: It is applied to a finished woven material for
decorative effect or embellishment hence it is called applied pattern.

45. There are four general types of motifs
Naturalistic motif:
Look like pictures, usually of flowers, fruits, animals sceneries. Such motifs
are seldom suitable for the decoration of utilitarian articles.

46. Stylized Motif:
Do not look realistic of natural objects. Usually the lines are simplified and
conventionalized and sometimes they are distorted.

47. Geometric Motif:
These based on pure forms of the circle, rectangle, triangle, stripes, dots,
checks. They are the safest design procurable for untrained customers.

48. Abstract Motif:
These are vague in character, and have no definite shape
Ex. Modern art, marble print etc.

49. Beauty in surface pattern is produced by:
Excellent design in individual motif or units
Fine arrangement of the units in a repeated pattern
Definite character of personality
Honest in technique
Evidence of joy of the designer
Harmony of line between an article and its decoration

50. •Pattern is necessary for beauty and expressiveness of an
article.
•Decoration should follow the same shape as the contour of the
part upon which it is placed.
•The motif should be in scale with the object decorated.
•The parts of design should agree in shape and scale
•The decoration should be placed at natural structural points of
an object
•The decoration should never interfere with function
•The design should suit the process used in its production For
ex: fine details should be avoided on linoleum - Block print
•Design should suit the material it decorates and express same
idea for ex- fine detailed design is not necessary for the monk's
cloth.
•The design should be of historic period if the article is to
express period feeling
Summary of pattern: