class 9 economics chapter 1 by Vijaya Nagarajan, Delhi International School

1. THE STORY OF
VILLAGE PALAMPUR

3. What is your definition of a village?
CLASS DISCUSSION
What is your definition of a developed village?

4. PALAMPUR
WELL
CONNECTED BY
GOOD ROADS
RAIGANJ
SHAHPUR
DEMOGRAPHY
(450 FAMILIES)
80 UPPER CASTE
FAMILIES WITH
PUCCA HOUSES
1/3 POPULATION
IS DALITS WITH
SMALLER
KUTCHA HOUSES
INFRASTRUCTURE
ELECTRICITY IN MOST HOUSES.
ELECTRICITY POWERS MOST,
TUBEWELLS, 2 PRIMARY
SCHOOLS, 1 HIGH SCHOOL, 1
GOVT DISPENSARY, 1 PVT
DISPENSARY
OTHER OCCUPATIONS
MANUFACTURING,
TRANSPORT, SHOP
KEEPING
FARMING
OCCUPATIONS

5. FACTORS OF PRODUCTIONS
LAND :
FORESTS,
MINERALS
WATER
LABOUR-
SKILLED &
UNSKILLED
PHYSICAL
CAPITAL
HUMAN
CAPITAL /
ENTREPRENEUR
WORKINGCAPITAL- raw
materials like seeds,
fertlizers, clay, yarn etc.
FIXED CAPITAL-tools
&machines, turbines,
computers – those which
can be used in production
over many years
generators
Knowledge &
Effort

6. Now let us talk about the first factor production, i.e. Land
Land is fixed
Land under
cultivation
Fallow but
cultivable land
Wasteland

7. In Palampur all the land that is cultivable
has already been converted into
cultivable land. No further scope to
increase land under cultivation.
•Farming is the main production activity.
•75% of the working population depends
on farming for livelihood.
•This includes landed farmers and
landless farm laborers.
So how does the farmer
increase the productivity of
his land ???

8. How to increase yield from fixed size of
land ?
Multiple cropping
Practising
Intensive
Cultivation
Growing different
crops in each season,
which is called
multiple cropping
Investing more
physical capital by
using fertilizers, HYV
seeds, more irrigation
facilities

9. How the farmers maximise production from same land
• No land is left idle.
• Most farmers of Palampur get three crops in a year
a. Jowar bajra in rainy (kharif ) season,
b. potato between October and December
c. wheat in winter (rabi) season.
•Some land is used for sugarcane cultivation, which is
harvested once every year.
•Well developed system of Irrigation.
•Most of the tube wells run on electricity which irrigates
more land & more effectively.
•First few tubewells were set up by govt.
•Soon farmers set up pvt tubewells.
•By 1970s the entire area under cultivation was irrigated.

10. The green revolution in the late 1960s, introduced farmers to :-
High Yielding Variety of seeds in rice & Wheat.
These grains promised much greater amounts of yield.
•Compared to traditional seeds, these seeds required plenty of
water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to get best results.
•Farmers of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh benefitted
most from the green revolution.
•Many farmers got cheaper loans to buy farm machinery like
tractors & threshers and they set up tubewells in their fields.
•In Palampur the yield of wheat went up from1300 kgs per
hectare to 3200 kgs per hectare.
•Farmers had enough surpluss wheat to sell in the Market.

11. YIELD
Before 1960s
Post green
revolution
Traditional
seeds with low
yield
Cow dung and
other natural
manure used as
fertilizers
Inadequate
facility for
irrigation
Used High Yielding
Variety of seeds
Used chemical fertilizers
and pesticides
Used more tubewells
and better facilities for
irrigation
Farmers bought farm
machinery to make
ploughing harvesting
faster.

12. Traditional methods of
farming
Modern methods of
farming

13. IMPACT OF
GREEN
REVOLUTION
Wheat
production went
up from 1300 kgs
per hectare to
3200 kgs, per
hectare
Farmers became
more prosperous,
farmers had
more surplus
wheat to sell in
markets.

14. IMPACT OF GREEN
REVOLUTION

15. 150 FAMILIES
ARE DALITS &
LANDLESS
60 FAMILIES ARE
RICH LANDED
FARMERS
WHERE SOME
HAVE LAND
BIGGER THAN
10 HECTARES
240 FAMILIES
HAVE SMALL
PLOTS OF LAND
LESS THAN 2
HECTARES-
YIELD IS NOT
ENOUGH
HOW IS LAND DISTRIBUTED?

16. WHERE DOES THE LABOUR COME FROM?
Small farmers have small pieces of land where they
work with their family members.
Medium and large farmers hire farm labourers to work
on their fields.
Landless farmers
Labourers may come from
families cultivating on small
pieces of land

17. Farm labourers
•These labourers are paid wages by the farmer for
whom they work.
•Wages may be in cash or kind (crop)
•Wages vary from season to season and crop to
crop.
•Duration of employment may be daily basis or for
an entire season, or for the whole year.

18. Farming requires capital
Farmers require money for many purposes:
•To buy seeds and fertilizers
•For irrigation- digging wells, tube wells and
electricity to run the same
•To pay farm labourers
•Invest in farm machinery and equipment
•For arranging storage of farm produce and
transporting it to near by markets

19. Sources of capital
Small farmers borrow
from traders who buy
their product or
money lenders at high
rates of interest and
unfair terms of
repayment
Of late
nationalised
banks are lending
credit to farmers
on easy and
better terms and
conditions.
Medium and
large farmers
have their own
savings from
farming.

20. Sale of surplus product
Small farmers are usually able to produce just
enough to meet their family’s consumption
needs.
Middle and large farmers retain a part of their
produce and sell the rest in the nearby town and
get good earnings. They then put their savings
into abankor use it to buy additional farm
machinery.
Sometimes when farmers take loans from traders,
they have to sell their produce to the traders at
lower than market prices.

21. OTHER NON
FARM
ACTIVITIES IN
PALAMPUR
DAIRY SMALL SCALE
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTSHOPKEEPERS
SERVICES