Dezyne E'cole College Interior Design Student Work

1. Lighting Design
COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL

2. Submitted To:
Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer
www.dezyneecole.com
Submitted By:
Akash Gidwani
B.Sc. ID –3rdSEM.

3. Lighting?

4. “LightingorIlluminationisthedeliberateapplicationoflighttoachievesomeaestheticsorpracticaleffect.Lightingincludesuseofbothartificiallightsourcessuchaslampsandnaturalilluminationofinteriorsfromdaylight.Indoorlightingisakeypartofinteriordesign. Lightingcanalsobeanintrinsiccomponentoflandscaping.”

5. Lighting Principles & Terms

6. Illumination
Thedistributionoflightonahorizontalsurface. Thepurposeofalllightingistoproduceillumination.
Orinotherwords,itistheluminousfluxperunitareaonaninterceptingsurfaceatanygivenpoint.

7. Lumen
Ameasurementoflightemittedbyalamp.Asreference,a100-wattincandescentlampemitsabout1600lumens.
We used to look for
Now we look for

8. Footcandle
Ameasurementoftheintensityofillumination.Afootcandleistheilluminationproducedbyonelumendistributedovera1-square-footarea. fordifferenttypesofworkingthevariedamountoffootcandlesofillumination.(canbeseenonnextpage).

9. Footcandle
Activity
Foot Candles
Lux
Hallways
5–7
55 –75
Entertaining
10-20
110 –215
Dining
10 –20
110 –215
Easy Reading
20 -50
215 –540
Bathroom
20 –50
215 –540
Kitchen–Basic Lighting
20 –50
215 –540
Kitchen–Food Preparation
50 –100
540 –1075
Difficultreading or writing
50 –100
540 –1075
General workshop lighting
50–100
540 –1075
Fine ordetailed work
100–200
1075 –2150

10. Lux
It is the amount of illumination created by a light source of 1 candela which is one metre (1m) away from the surface.
One LUX is equal to ONE LUMEN/ SQYARE metre. 1 Lux = 1 lumen / sq. m.

11. Efficacy
Theratiooflightproducedtoenergyconsumed.It’smeasuredasthenumberoflumensproduceddividedbytherateofelectricityconsumption(lumensperwatt).

12. Colour TemperatureOutdoor / Indoor
Definedasthetoneoflightorhowthelightlooksintermsofwhiteness.
Higherthecolourtemperature=whiter/coolerthelightsource.
Unitmeasurement=Kelvin(K)

13. Colour TemperatureOutdoor / Indoor
Colourtemperatureisacharacteristicsofvisiblelight.Inpractice, colourtemperatureisonlymeaningfulforlightsourcesthatdoinfactcorrespondsomewhatcloselytotheradiationofsomeblackbody.
ThecolourtemperatureoftheelectromagneticradiationemittedfromanidealblackbodyisdefinedasitssurfacetemperaturesinKELVINS.
Colourtemperaturesover5,000Karecalledcoolcolours(blueishwhite),whilelowercolourtemperatures(2,700-3,000K)arecalledWarmcolours(yellowishwhitethroughred).

15. Colour Temperatures

16. CRI (Colour Rendering Index)
Thecolourrenderingindex(CRI),sometimescalledcolourrenditionindex,isaquantitativemeasureoftheabilityofalightsourcetoreproducethecoloursofvariousobjectsfaithfullyincomparisonwithanidealornaturallightsource.
ColourRendering:Effectofanilluminanceonthecolourappearanceofobjectsbyconsciousorsubconsciouswiththeircolourappearanceunderareferenceilluminant.
Finishesshouldbeevaluatedunderthetypeoflamp(lampand/ordaylight)whichwillactuallybeusedininteriors.
Colourrenditiondependsonlampcolourspectrum,reflectivepropertyofsurfacesandcontextandconditioninroom.
Judgementofapparentsurfacecolourdependsalsoontheexperienceandexpectationsofanindividualwithnormalcolourvision.

17. CRI (Colour Rendering Index)

18. Glare
Theexcessivebrightnessfromadirectlightsourcethatmakesitdifficulttoseewhatonewishestosee.Abrightobjectinfrontofadarkbackgroundusuallywillcauseglare. Brightlightsreflectingoffatelevisionorcomputerscreenorevenaprintedpageproductsglare.Intenselightsources– suchasbrightincandescentlamps–arelikelytoproducemoredirectglarethanlargefluorescentlamps.

19. Beam Angle of Lights

20. Types of Lighting

21. General Lighting

22. Task Lighting

23. Accent Lighting

24. Decorative Lighting

25. Kinetic Lighting

26. Luminaires

27. Lighting Fixtures
LightFixtureisintegralpartofbuildingelectricalsystem,transformingenergyintousableillumination.
Lightfixturerequires:electricalconnection(powersupply),lampholder,lamp(designtodiffuse,reflect, focuslight).
Formoflightingfixture,lightingsource,lightillumination:pointsources,linearsources,planarsources,volumetricsources.

28. Lighting Luminaire
An assembly used to house one or more light sources. Also called lighting fixture.
1.Luminaries
2.Light Lamp
3.Light socket
4.Light Switch

29. Classification of Luminaires
Recessed
Ceiling Mounted
Track Mounted
Wall Mounted
Suspended
Architectural
Portable
Pole mounted
Bollard
Uplights
Downlights
Floor washers
Ceiling washers
Wall washers
Spotlights
Louvered

30. Classification of Luminaires

31. Classification of Luminaires
Pole Mounted Luminaire
Wall Luminaire
Track Mounted Luminaire
Portable Luminaire
Bollard Luminaire
Suspended Luminaire
Recessed Luminaire

32. Categories of Luminaires
Direct:90 -100% downward.
Semi direct: 60 –90% downward.
General diffuse:40 –60% both downward and upward.
Direct -Indirect:little light is emitted in the horizontal plane.
Semi –Indirect:providing60 –90% of its output upward.
Indirect: providing 90 –100% of its luminous output upward.

33. Point Light Source
FocusonobjectorareaGreatBrightness,Contrast,Highlight,SparkleorRhythm.

34. Linear Light Source
GiveDirection,OutlineShapes,EmphasizetheEdges.

35. Planar Light Source
SurfaceRepeatedLinearDiffusedilluminationofarea.

36. Volumetric Light Source
LightasVolumetricIlluminationExpandedthrough3-DimensionalFormsoflamps.
DesignofLamp
Lamp Holder connect to supply
LightSource

37. Uplights

38. Downlights

39. Spotlights

40. Floor Washlights

41. Ceiling Washlights

42. Wall Washing

43. Wall Grazing

44. Artificial Light Sources
Incandescent lamps
Fluorescent Lamps
High –Intensity Discharge Lamps
Mercury Lamps
Metal halide Lamps
High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
Electrode less Lamps
Compact arc xenon & Mercury Lamps
Electroluminescent Lamps
Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
Carbon arc lamps
Gaslights

45. Incandescent Lamp
What is Incandescent Lamp?
Hot wire –Filament sealed in a Glass Jar (Bulb).
How it Works?
ElectricCurrentpassthroughthewirenmakeitheatittoincandescence,andthewireemitslight.UseStandardVoltageCircuit.

46. Incandescent Lamp
Incandescence?
Insidetheglassisagassuchasargonand/ornitrogen.Atthecenterofthelampisatungstenfilament.Electricityheatsthisfilamentuptoabout2,500degreeCelsius.Justlikeanyhotmetal,thetungstengets“whitehot”atthatheatandemitsagreatdealofvisiblelightinaprocesscalledincandescence.

47. Incandescent Lamp
Components of Incandescent Lamp
1.Glass Bulb (a)
2.Vacuum or Gas Filled (b)
3.Wire / Filament (c)
4.Lead -in Wires (d-e)
5.Support Wires (f)
6.Neck (g)
7.Electric Fuse (h-i-j)
8.Base (k)
d
j
g
e
b
c
f
k
a
h
i

48. Incandescent Lamp
Its Advantages:
1.Less Expensive
2.Easier to dim with Rheostats
3.Warmer colour than Fluorescent and Tungsten-Halogen Lamps
4.Light output is relatively high
5.Excellent colour rendering
6.Can be Dimmed
Its Dis-advantages:
1.Energy Inefficient
2.Short lamp Life Time
3.Warm source

49. Incandescent Lamp
Shape of Lamps:
Around 100 combinations of Glass and Quartz bulb shapes and sizes.
Symbols:
1stPart = One or more letters indicates the shape of bulb.
2ndPart = Number, indicates diameter of the bulb in eights of an inch
Example: A19 = Arbitrary Shaped, 19/8 inch diameter.

50. Incandescent Lamp

51. Incandescent Lamp
General Lighting Service (GLS)
Parabolic Aluminum Reflector(PAR)
Metal Reflector(MR)

52. Incandescent Lamp
Base Identification:
1.Small Base: Bayonet, Bipin, Candelabra, Intermediate, Miniature, Mini- Candelabra, Twist-and-Lock, Two-Pin
2.Medium Base
3.Large Base: Mogul Screw, Mogul Bipost

53. Incandescent Lamp

54. Incandescent Lamp

55. Incandescent Lamp

56. Incandescent Lamp
Lamp LifeTime:
1.Standard-Life Lamp: high temperature for the filament to operates, emits more light, shorter life time –“burns out”.
2.Long-Life Lamp: given wattage produces less light, designed for longer life.
Lamp Efficiency = Light Produced (Lumens, lm)
Electricity Consumed (Watts W)
Light Output: Insert Gas (Argon, Nitrogen, Krypton) slows bulb bickering caused by condensation on the bulb wall.

57. Incandescent Lamp
Bulbs are sold by Watts –Measure of Power Consumed.
Lumen tells how much light lamp emits.
Hours of Operation is produced life-time (750 –1000H, up to 2500H for extended service lamps).
Energy Saving Lamps –Reduced wattage, Reduced light output.

58. Incandescent Lamp Types

59. Non Directional
Non Directional (emits light in all directions –A, C, G, P, PS, S and T shapes, requires additional external elements for brightness, glare and distribution control)

60. Semi -Directional
Semi Directional (silver bowl or white bowl lamps, coating on inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare)

61. Directional
Directional (complete optical systems: source, reflector, lens or filament shield, R, AR, MR, PAR built-in beam control)
R reflector lamp with soft glass bulb and ellipsoid reflector with moderate focusing power.
PAR reflector lamp with pressed glass bulb and powerful parabolic reflector.

62. Directional

63. Tungsten -Halogen
What is Tungsten -Halogen?
Selected gas of Halogen Family.
How it Works?
Halogen gas combines with Tungsten molecules that sputter of the filament deposits Tungsten back on the Filament and Emits constant level of light.

64. Tungsten -Halogen
HowHalogenbulbemitslight?
AhalogenbulbhasafilamentmadeofTungsten, whichglowswhenelectricityisapplied,sameasregularincandescentbulb.
Thehalogengasremovesthecarbondepositsontheinsideofthebulb,causedbytheburningofthetungstenfilament,andredeposititbackontothefilament,resultinginalightbulbwhichcanbeburnthigher.

65. Tungsten -Halogen
HighOperatingTemperature(500C),HighColourTemperature.
QuartzinsteadofGlass.
Equippedwithouterbulb, GlassCover,MeshScreen.

66. Tungsten -Halogen
ItsAdvantages:
1.Highcolourtemperaturemakethem“WHITER”thanStandardIncandescentlamps.
2.LongerLifetime
3.GreatEfficiency.
4.CompactinShapeandSize.
TheycomeinmanyShapesandSizes,somedirectionalothersnot, somequitesmallothersthesizeofregularbulb,somefitintonormalsocketsotherrequirespecialsocketsandvoltagestowork.

67. Tungsten -Halogen
Therearemanydifferenttypesof(singleended)THlamp,themostcommononesaretheG9capsulelamp,GU10spotlampandlinearhalogenlampswhicharealldomesticmainsvoltage,andG4capsulelamp,(integralreflector)MR16,MR11spotlampswhicharelowvoltagelamps.
Linear
G 4
G 6.35
GU 9
GU 10
MR 11

68. Tungsten -Halogen

69. Types of Tungsten -Halogen

70. Types of Tungsten -Halogen

71. Low-Voltage Lamps
Low-VoltageLamps–incandescentandtungsten-halogenlampsthatoperatebetween6Vand75V.
Standardbuildingcurrentof115V–125Vmustbesteppeddownbytheuseoftransformer.
Low-Voltageluminaireswithintegratedtransformersarelargerinsizesandbulkier.
Practicalsystemisline-voltageequipment.

72. Low-Voltage LampsLow Voltage Multifaceted Mirror Reflector(halogen lamp)

73. Low-Voltage LampsLow Voltage PAR 56(halogen lamp)

74. Coloured Light Bulbs(Coloured Ceramic Enamel)

75. Coloured Filters
HUE (quality in red or green),
SATURATION (strength or depth of colour)
BRIGHTNESS (quantity of light)

76. Gelatine Filters (“Gels”)
Thintransparentcolouredplasticsheetsinwidevarietyofcolours,aswellasmulti-colouredanddiffusedsheets.
Shortservicelife–colourfadesrapidly.

77. Interference Filters
One or more layers of ultrathin film coating on clear glass that reflects rather than absorb unwanted wavelength.
They transmit one colour, and reflect the complementary colour.

78. Discharge Lamps
WhatisdischargeLampcontains?
Gas,phosphor,cathode,discharge.
HowitWorks?
Lightisproducedbypassageofanelectriccurrentthroughavapourorgas,ratherthanthroughatungstenwireasinincandescentlamp.

79. Fluorescent Lamp

80. Fluorescent Lamp
Theclassicfluorescentlampdesign,whichhasfallenmostlybythewayside,usedaspecialstarterswitchmechanismtolightupthetube.
Theconventionalstarterswitchisasmalldischargebulb,containingneonorsomeothergas.Thebulbhastwoelectrodespositionedrightnexttoeachother.Whenelectricityisinitiallypassedthroughthebypasscircuit,anelectricalarcjumpsbetweentheseelectrodestomakeaconnection.Thisarclightsthebulbinthesamewayalargerarclightsaflorescentbulb.

81. Fluorescent Lamp

82. Fluorescent Lamp
Its Advantages:
1.Heat is relatively low.
2.Energy efficient.
3.Range from low grade to high grade.
4.Long lamp life.
5.Usually Cool source.
6.Control gears.
Its Dis-advantages:
1.Colour temperature.
2.Require ballast: preheat, instant-start, rapid-start.
3.Requires controlling elements for glare control.

83. Fluorescent Lamp
Types:
1.Cold Cathode
2.Hot Cathode
Shape:
1.U-Bent Shape
2.CirculineShape
3.Compact Fluo-Lamps

84. Fluorescent Lamp (Shape)

85. Ballast/Driver
Equipment required to control the starting and operating voltages of electrical gas discharge lights.
Magnetic
Ballast
(Traditional)
Electronic
Ballast
Integrated
Ballast (CFL)

86. High Intensity Discharge Lamps(HID Lamps)
Typeofelectricalgas-dischargelampwhichproduceslightbymeansofanelectricarebetweentungstenelectrodeshousedinsideatranslucentortransparentfusedquartzorfusedaluminaarctube.
Thistubeisfilledwithbothgasesandmetalsalts.Thegasfacilitatesthearc’sinitialstrike.Oncethearcisstarted,itheatsandevaporatesthemetalslatsformingaplasma,whichgreatlyincreasestheintensityoflightproducedbythearcandreducesitspowerconsumption.Highintensitydischargelampsareatypeofarclamp.

87. High Intensity Discharge Lamps(HID Lamps)

88. HID Lamps (used in retail design)

89. HID Lamps (used in retail design)

90. HID Lamps (used in retail design)

91. HID Lamps (used in retail design)

92. High Intensity Discharge Lamps(HID Lamps)
Whenenergyefficiencyand/orlightintensityaredesired.Theseareasincludegymnasiums,largepublicareaswarehouses,movietheatres,footballstadiums,outdooractivityareas,roadways, parkinglots,andpathways.
Ultra-highPerformance(UHP)HIDlampsareusedinLCDorDLPprojectionTVsetsorprojectiondisplaysaswell.

93. Various Types of HID Lamps

94. Various Types of HID Lamps

95. LED & OLED
Alight–emittingdiodeorLED,isasemiconductorlightsource.LEDsareusedasindicatorlampsinmanydevicesandareincreasinglyusedforotherlighting.Introducedasapracticalelectroniccomponentin1962,earlyLEDsemittedlow-intensityredlight,butmodernversionsareavailableacrossthevisible,ultravioletandinfraredwavelengths,withveryhighbrightness.
White Light
Therearetwoprimarywaysofproducinghighintensitywhite-lightusingLEDs.
1.OneistouseindividualLEDsthatemitthreeprimarycolours–red, green,andblue-andthenmixallthecolourstoformwhitelight.
2.TheotheristouseaphosphormaterialtoconvertmonochromaticlightfromablueorUVLEDtobroad-spectrumwhitelight,muchinthesamewayafluorescentlightbulbworks.

96. LED Light
Redand Infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenide.
Bright Blue is made with Gan –gallium nitride.
White LEDs are made with yttrium aluminium garnet
There are also orange, green, blue, violet, purple, ultraviolet LEDs.

97. LED Light

98. Benefits of LED Lighting

99. Benefits of LED Lighting
LEDlightsareusuallyaround3mm–8mmlong. ThesmallsizeandprofileoftheLEDlightsallowthemtobeusedwhereotherlightbulbsmaynotfit.
Size
1

100. Benefits of LED Lighting

101. Benefits of LED Lighting
Whereotherlightsgiveoffmoreenergybyshiningindifferentareas,LEDlightsonlyshineinaspecificdirectionbecomingmoreefficient.
Efficiency
2

102. Benefits of LED Lighting
35,000to50.000hours,comparedto750to2,000hoursforanincandescentbulb,8,000to10,000hoursforacompactfluorescentand20,000to30,000hoursforalinearfluorescentbulb.
Life
3

103. Benefits of LED Lighting
LEDsremaincool.Inaddition,sincetheycontainnoglasscomponents,theyarenotvulnerabletovibrationorbreakagelikeconventionalbulbs.LEDsarethusbettersuitedforuseinareaslikesportsfacilitiesandhigh-crimelocations.
Temperature
4

104. Benefits of LED Lighting

105. Benefits of LED Lighting
LEDlightareavailableindifferentcolour.WecanenhancetheaestheticlookofourHouseandBuildingbyuseofthesecolourfulLEDs.Thesecanalsochangecolouraspertheaestheticsrequirements.
Colourful
5

106. Benefits of LED Lighting
LEDlightaregoodasperaccordingtothebeamangleasithasgreaterangleofspreadinglight.Itusesmaximumefficiencyandhencehasaupperhandoverotherlights.
Wide Beam Angle
6

107. Benefits of LED Lighting

108. LED Lighting
LEDsarejusttinylightbulbsthatfiteasilyintoanelectricalcircuit.Butunlikeordinaryincandescentbulbs, thedon’thaveafilamentsthatwillburnout,andtheydon’tgetespeciallyhot.Theyareilluminatedsolelybythemovementofelectronsinasemiconductormaterial,andtheylastjustaslongasastandardtransistor.ThelifespanofanLEDsurpassestheshortlifeofanincandescentbulbbythousandsofhours.

109. LED Reflectors

110. Uses of LED Lights

111. For Commercial Field

112. For Commercial Field

113. For Retail Field

114. For Retail Field

115. For Restaurants

116. For Restaurants

117. For Offices

118. For Residential Area

119. For Residential Area

120. For Automobile Field

121. LED Lights VS Other Lights

122. Comparison of LED Tubes with Fluorescent Tubes

123. Comparison of LED bulb with CFL bulb

124. Comparison of LED bulb with Incandescent bulb

125. Different Lamps

126. Lamps
Halogen MR16 GU 5-3
Incandescent Stand. E27
Halogen OR111 G53
Halogen PAR
E27

127. Lamps
PLC compact fluorescent lamp
CFL compact fluorescent lamp E27
Fluorescent CFL spiral E27
Fluorescent megamun liliput E27

128. Lamps
Fluorescent TL
T5
LED MR16
GU5-3
LED Tubular Lamp
Fluorescent TL
T8

129. Lamps
LED Strip
LED Flexi
Light
LED Strips
(Plat)
LED Strip

130. Lamps
LED Linesta
LED Tape

131. Fibre Optics

132. Fibre Optics

133. Cold Cathode

134. Thank you
Any Questions?