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Lighting design basics
1.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Based
on the Book by Mark Karlen and James Benya, Wiley and Sons, 2004 Presented by NKBA and Benya Lighting James Robert Benya, PE, FIES, IALD, LC BENYA LIGHTING DESIGN Portland, OR Lighting Design BasicsLighting Design Basics
2.
©2005 JAMES BENYA No
Handouts?!?!? •Get the book – www.wiley.com •Download this presentation at www.benyalighting.com •Questions? Send a message to jbenya@benyalighting.com
3.
©2005 JAMES BENYA What
are lighting design basics? 1. Introduction 2. Light Sources 3. Luminaires 4. Switching and Dimming 5. Daylighting 6. Lighting Calculations 7. Documenting Lighting Design 8. The Layers Approach 9. A Basic Approach
4.
©2005 JAMES BENYA What
are lighting design basics? 10. Residential Lighting Design 11. Office and Corporate Lighting Design 12. Hospitality Lighting Design 13. Health Care/Institutional Lighting Design 14. Lighting for Stores 15. Lighting Common Spaces
5.
©2005 JAMES BENYA What
are lighting design basics? 16. The Professional Process of Lighting Design 17. Collaborating with Lighting Designers 18. Computers and Lighting Design 19. Developing Skills Beyond the Basics
6.
©2005 JAMES BENYA 1
Introduction A GOOD LIGHTING DESIGN SHOULD • Look good! • Provide the proper amount of light in every room. • Be built and constructed within budget, code, and other constraints. • Be environmentally responsible. • Respond to the Architecture and Interior Design • Produce good color • Achieve the desired moods of each space • Be able to control the lights
7.
©2005 JAMES BENYA 2
Light Sources • Incandescent • Halogen • Fluorescent • Compact Fluorescent Lamps • LED’s • Fiber Optic Sources
8.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Incandescent
Lamps •Appealing •Warm, attractive color (2600-2900K) •Dimmable •Wide variety •Not energy efficient
9.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Low
Voltage Incandescent Lamps • Usually low wattage but not inherently energy efficient • Greatest advantage: size PAR36 Long throw display lamp 2700K Xenon incandescent strip lights 2800K Low voltage strips and tubes 2400- 2600K
10.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Halogen
Lamps •Appealing •Crisp warm, attractive color (2800-3100K) •Dimmable •Wide variety •Longer life, slightly more energy efficient Halogen PAR 20, PAR 30 and PAR 38 lamps Halogen lamps for table lamps and chandeliers
11.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Low
Voltage Halogen • Compact, bright lamps • A bit more energy efficient • Excellent reading, work and display light sources • Color Temp: 2900-3100K • Long life MR16 PAR36 and AR111 halogen long throw lamps Small halogen lamps for task lights, sconces, etc.
12.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Linear
Fluorescent •T-12 “fat tubes” no longer a good choice •Use T-8 lamps for most residential uses •Consider T-5 and T-2 lamps for undercabinet fixtures T-12 T-8 T-5 T-2
13.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Compact Fluorescent •7,9,
and 13 watt twin tubes (“PL” lamps) for step lights, low level lighting •Triple tube, Circuline and 2D lamps 18-58 watts for general lighting
14.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Color
temperature Range of Daylight Warm Neutral Cool Cold 1800K 2800K 3500K 5000K 7500K 10000K 2200K 3000K 4100K 6500K 9000K Setting Sun North Sky Range of Fluorescent Range of Flame Range of Incandescent and Halogen
15.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Recommended
Fluorescent Lamps for Common Use Desired Lamp Color • Warm 2700K • Warm 3000K • Neutral 3500K • Cool 4100K • Cold 5000K Lamp Color Designation • “827” • “830” or “930” • “835” • “841” • “850” or “950” Example: F32T8/830 is a 3000K, 32 watt tubular fluorescent lamp 8/8” in diameter
16.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Fluorescent
Ballast Technology •Non-dimming electronic ballasts – Quieter – Instant starting •Dimming electronic ballasts – Two wire versions now available – Standard 3 wire and 4 wire versions also available
17.
©2005 JAMES BENYA New
Technologies •Fiberoptics •LED
18.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Fiberoptics
as Special Effect •End-emitting fiber – twinkle effects (star fields) – in-water effects (ponds and water features) •Side Emitting fiber – outlining – shapes
19.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Fiberoptics
as Display Lighting • Uses special optical elements (small lenses) • Each fiber emits a very small amount of light • Maximum bundle is about 300 cd at 30 degree • Virtually no UV or IR • Requires a low ambient light space like a fine museum
20.
©2005 JAMES BENYA LED
Lights • Promising technology • Used for traffic signals and exit signs • New products include sconces, step lights and marker lights
21.
©2005 JAMES BENYA For
the Kitchen and Bath My favorites Kitchen • PAR38 halogen work area downlights • MR16 low voltage accent lights • Low voltage xenon or fluorescent undercabinet lights • Fluorescent cove lights Bath • Halogen or fluorescent vanity lights • MR16 vanity downlight and accent lights • MR16 shower light
22.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Urban
Living Trends •Smaller, higher quality spaces •Green design
23.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Challenges
of Green Design • Too much emphasis on compact fluorescent lighting • Little understanding of lighting design by utility and energy efficiency advocates • Not many good choices of luminaires embodying green principles • Poor design sensitivity in the green community
24.
©2005 JAMES BENYA For
the Kitchen and Bath My green favorites Look for US EPA Energy Star but be picky! Kitchen • Compact fluorescent work area downlights • MR16 low voltage accent lights • Low voltage fluorescent undercabinet lights • Fluorescent cove lights Bath • Fluorescent vanity lights • MR16 vanity downlight and accent lights • MR16 shower light
25.
©2005 JAMES BENYA 3
Luminaires • “Architectural” – Recessed cans – Track – Coves and undercabinet lights • Decorative – Chandeliers – Sconces – Pendants – Lamps • Utility – Drums – Closet lights
26.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Recessed
Lighting • Generally inexpensive • Very popular • Aesthetically “neutral” • Good for task lighting • OK for general lighting • If chosen correctly, excellent for display lighting and a number of special applications
27.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Recessed
Lighting • The “Housing” – For most residential use, fixtures are at most about 7” tall for 2x8 construction • The “Trim” – 4”, 5” and 6” incandescent – 3”, 4”, 5” and 6” low voltage – 4”, 5” and 6” compact fluorescent
28.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Standard
Housings • Incandescent non-IC • Incandescent IC • Incandescent air tight IC • Low voltage non-IC • Low voltage IC • Low voltage airtight IC • Compact fluorescent non- IC • Compact fluorescent IC • Compact fluorescent airtight IC
29.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Remodeler
Housings •Designed to fit through a single hole in the ceiling •Usually not IC
30.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Premium
Housings •Superior quality •Interchangeable lamp capability – Incandescent – Low voltage – Compact fluorescent •High quality interchangeable trims
31.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Choosing
Trims • Is the trim suitable for your needs – Adjustable? – Right style? – Right color or material? • Is the trim LISTED for the application? – Kitchen: indoor, dry location – Bathroom: indoor, dry location – Over shower or tub: Spa or shower rated – Steam shower: wet label, gasketed – Indoor pool or hot tub: wet label, non conductive trim, at least 7.5’ above water level
32.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Standard
trims • Downlight – Baffle – Cone • Accent light – Gimbal – Eyeball – Pull down • Wallwash – Eyelid
33.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Using
Standard Recessed Lighting • Choose trims tastefully • Use halogen lamps – 4” family use PAR20 – 5” and 6” family use PAR30 – 6” family also consider the PAR38 – Avoid so called line voltage MR16 and PAR16
34.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Adjustable Line
Voltage Recessed Trims
35.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Low
Voltage MR-16 Lighting • Typically used in a 3” or 4” recessed can • Can be used (with the right trim) in a 5” or 6” can • Use good quality MR16 lamps • ALWAYS use a soft focus spread lens (Halo L111) • Current Favorite: Sylvania 37MR16/IR
36.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Low
Voltage Trims
37.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Other
Low Voltage Trims •Glass trim, gasketed for wet environments •Low cost spa and shower light for tubs and shower stalls
38.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Be
Careful with Compact Fluorescent Downlights • Square: not IC or AT but looks nice • Round IC – way tall • To get an airtight IC you are limited to 13 watts • In the kitchen downlight you need 32 watts
39.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Track •
Still used in museums for good reason • Permits maximum flexibility • Luminaires equipped easily with spread lenses and UV filters for artwork lighting • Attaches to surface, permits dramatic lighting in condos
40.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Track •
Standard 120 volt track – Low cost general purpose – High cost “museum grade” • Low voltage track • Low voltage specialty systems – Two cable systems – Two rail systems – Two conductor “bars”, “rods”, and ribbons
41.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Low
Voltage Lighting •Most recessed low voltage lights have a transformer in the housing •Most low voltage strips and some recessed housings can be connected to a remote transformer
42.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Accent
Lighting Using Low Voltage
43.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Beam
Quality An unfiltered lamp tends to have • Striation – lines and harsh edges • Halation – rings sometimes with rainbowing • Sharp edges and rapid change – well defined round or elliptical beams
44.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Taming
the (MR16) Beast • Smooth the Beam – Softening Lens (Halo L111 or “solite”) – Spread Lens – Linear Lens • Shield the Source – Baffle or snoot – Louver
45.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Accent
Lighting Technique • Should be located at about 30 degrees off vertical relative to focal point • Do not get too close to wall - normally 24” minimum away • Use 30-60-90 triangle to determine optimum position • Only use lighting systems capable of hitting above 40 degrees (off vertical) in special situations.
46.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Accent
Lighting ArtworkArtwork 3030--6060--90 triangle90 triangle Mounting LineMounting Line Recessed accent lightRecessed accent light Track or monopointTrack or monopoint The distance from the fixture to the artwork will determine beam angle and candlepower
47.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Accent
Lighting with PAR36 For high ceilings use a low voltage 6” recessed luminaire and a 50 watt PAR36 low voltage lamp
48.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Accent
lighting • Living room, great room, family room • Dining room • Foyer • Hallways/prime art locations • Art niches • Master bedroom reading and art lights • Powder rooms
49.
©2005 JAMES BENYA The
Layered Approach to Lighting Design Begin by thinking in layers Ambient Task Focal Decorative
50.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Layer
#1 - The Ambient or General Lighting Layer • Generally the relatively uniform lighting of the space. • Tends to establish mood. • Includes uniform downlighting, indirect lighting (uplighting and wallwashing), and some special techniques, but can also be the decorative lighting • Called “general lighting” if at task levels (30-50 fc or more). • Called “ambient lighting” if lower than task levels
51.
©2005 JAMES BENYA The
Ambient Layer Cove lighting
52.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Layer
#2 - The Task Layer •Generally limited to “task lighting” of the HORIZONTAL WORK SURFACE at work locations. •Tends to help create drama. •Usually produces 50 fc or more within a small area.
53.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Ambient
and Task Lighting Downlighting
54.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Layer
#3 - The Display or Focal Layer • Generally limited to accent lighting and similar effects, primarily through VERTICAL AND OTHER NON- HORIZONTAL SURFACE ILLUMINATION. • Tends to create drama, with greater drama the result of greater contrast between the brightness created by Focal Lighting and Ambient Lighting. • Usually involves key displays at 100 fc or more.
55.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Ambient,
Task and Focal Lighting Accent Lighting
56.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Layer
#4 - the Decorative or Traditional Layer • In general, adds the decorative luminaires called for by the architecture/interior design style, period, motif. • Is usually expected to contribute to the ambient illumination. In many designs, the decorative lighting will BE the ambient lighting. • Usually reduces contrast (drama).
57.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Ambient,
Task, Focal and Decorative Lighting Chandelier
58.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Composition
59.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Composition •Chandelier (ambient
and decorative) •Recessed (task) •Recessed (focal) •Sconce (decorative)
60.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Composition •Cove
(ambient) •Recessed (task) •Undercabinet (task) •Chandelier (decorative) •Sconce (decorative)
61.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Composition
and Planning for Change •Recessed adjustable lighting •Combined with fixed predictable lighting
62.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Remote
transformers •Address Article 411 and 725 issues – Class 1 – Class 2 •Low noise, minimum heat
63.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Wallwashing Produces
a flat, even wash of light for a wall. You may find this is NOT what you wanted…
64.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Types
of Wallwashers Rececssed asymmetric style Eyelid style Recessed lens style Track and surface lens and asymmetric style Semi-recessed lens and open asymmetric style
65.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Principles
of Wallwashing • Fixtures at least 24” out from wall and about 1/4 wall height out from wall • Fixtures apart 1 to 1.5 times the distance from the wall • If you don’t need at least three - you shouldn’t be wallwashing The higher the wall the further out to locate wallwashers At least 2’
66.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Undercabinet Lighting DON’T •
Mount fixtures at back of cabinet • Use luminous front fixtures • Put short fixtures under long cabinets • Put in cheap cool white or daylight lamps
67.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Undercabinet Lighting DO •
Use solid front fixtures • Use a lens to diffuse the lamp image over polished countertops • Choose fixtures to be as continuous as possible and wrap around corners
68.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Low
Voltage Specialty Lighting • Permits finely detailed lighting effects • Use inside and under cabinets and similar locations
69.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Example:
Bookcase
70.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Example:
Cabinet with Polished Countertop
71.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Things
to Remember: Room by Room •Here is my basic list of lighting considerations •I use this with every client – we expand from there
72.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Kitchen •Multiple
layers permits multiple moods
73.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Steps
to Better Kitchen Lighting by Layers Layer #1 – Light the Task
74.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Steps
to Better Kitchen Lighting by Layers Layer #2 – Ambient Light
75.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Steps
to Better Kitchen Lighting by Layers Layer #3 – Decorative Light
76.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Bathroom Layers •Multiple
layers for mood and flexibility
77.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Bathroom Layer
#1-Task Light the Face
78.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Bathroom Layer
#1-Task Light the Face
79.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Bathroom Layer
#2-Task Light the Sink
80.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Bathroom Layer
#3-Task Light the Shower or Tub
81.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Bathroom Layer
#4- Night Lights
82.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Other
Lighting Things to Remember • Dimmers and controls laid out well and kept simple • Layers in every space even closets • Built in night lights • Controlled daylight • Lens, focus and other adjustments must be done • Good lighting extends outdoors
83.
©2005 JAMES BENYA Lighting
Design Basics Presented by BENYA LIGHTING DESIGN For a copy of these slides, www.benyalighting.com
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