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Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia                                        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal




         Lewinsky scandal
         From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

         The Lewinsky scandal was a political sex scandal emerging in 1998, from a sexual relationship between United
         States President Bill Clinton and a 21-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. The news of this extra-
         marital affair and the resulting investigation eventually led to the impeachment of President Clinton in 1998 by
         the U.S. House of Representatives and his subsequent acquittal on all impeachment charges of perjury and
         obstruction of justice in a 21-day Senate trial.[1]

         In 1995, Monica Lewinsky, a graduate of Lewis & Clark College, was hired to work as an intern at the White
         House during Clinton's first term, and began a personal relationship with him, the details of which she later
         confided to her friend and Defense department co-worker Linda Tripp, who secretly recorded their telephone
         conversations.[2] When Tripp discovered in January 1998, that Lewinsky had signed an affidavit in the Paula
         Jones case denying a relationship with Clinton, she delivered the tapes to Kenneth Starr, the Independent
         Counsel who was investigating Clinton on other matters, including the Whitewater scandal, the White House
         FBI files controversy, and the White House travel office controversy. During the grand jury testimony Clinton's
         responses were carefully worded, and he argued, "It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is",[3] in
         regards to the truthfulness of his statement that "there is not a sexual relationship, an improper sexual
         relationship or any other kind of improper relationship"[4]

         The wide reporting of the scandal led to criticism of the press for over-coverage.[5][6][7] The scandal is
         sometimes referred to as "Monicagate",[8] "Lewinskygate",[9] "Tailgate",[10] "Sexgate",[11] and
         "Zippergate",[11] following the "gate" nickname construction that has been popular since the Watergate
         scandal.



          Contents
                 1 Allegations of sexual contact
                 2 Denial and subsequent admission
                 3 Perjury charges
                 4 Impeachment
                 5 Aftermath
                       5.1 2000 presidential election
                       5.2 Collateral scandals
                       5.3 Personal acceptance
                 6 See also
                 7 References
                 8 External links



         Allegations of sexual contact
         Lewinsky claimed to have had sexual encounters with Bill Clinton on nine occasions from November 1995 to
         March 1997. According to her published schedule, First Lady Hillary Clinton was at the White House for at
         least some portion of seven of those days.[12]



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Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia                                        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal


         In April 1996, Lewinsky's superiors relocated her job to the Pentagon, because they felt that she was spending
         too much time around Clinton.[13] According to his autobiography, then-United Nations Ambassador Bill
         Richardson was asked by the White House in 1997 to interview Lewinsky for a job on his staff at the UN.
         Richardson did so, and offered her a position, which she declined.[14] The American Spectator alleged that
         Richardson knew more about the Lewinsky affair than he declared to the grand jury.[15]

         Lewinsky confided in a coworker named Linda Tripp about her relationship with Clinton. Tripp convinced
         Lewinsky to save the gifts that Clinton had given her, and not to dry clean what would later be known as the
         "infamous blue dress". Tripp reported these conversations to literary agent Lucianne Goldberg, who advised her
         to secretly record them,[16] which Tripp began doing in September 1997. Goldberg also urged Tripp to take the
         tapes to Kenneth Starr and bring them to the attention of people working on the Paula Jones case.[17] In the fall
         of 1997, Goldberg began speaking to reporters (notably Michael Isikoff of Newsweek) about the tapes.[18]

         In January 1998, after Lewinsky had submitted an affidavit in the Paula Jones case denying any physical
         relationship with Clinton, she attempted to persuade Tripp to lie under oath in the Jones case. Instead, Tripp
         gave the tapes to Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr who was investigating the Whitewater controversy and
         other matters. Now armed with evidence of Lewinsky's admission of a physical relationship with Clinton, he
         broadened the investigation to include Lewinsky and her possible perjury in the Jones case. She decided to turn
         in her best friend due to the stakes at hand.

         Denial and subsequent admission
         News of the scandal first broke on January 17, 1998, on the Drudge Report,[19] which reported that Newsweek
         editors were sitting on a story by investigative reporter Michael Isikoff exposing the affair. The story broke in
         the mainstream press on January 21 in The Washington Post.[20] The story swirled for several days and, despite
         swift denials from Clinton, the clamor for answers from the White House grew louder as the people became
         angry. On January 26, President Clinton, standing with his wife, spoke at a White House press conference, and
         issued a forceful denial, which contained what would later become one of the best-known sound bites of his
         presidency:[21]

                Now, I have to go back to work on my State of the Union speech. And I worked on it until pretty
                late last night. But I want to say one thing to the American people. I want you to listen to me. I'm
                going to say this again: I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never
                told anybody to lie, not a single time; never. These allegations are false. And I need to go back to
                work for the American people. Thank you.[22]

         Pundits debated whether or not Clinton would address the allegations in his State of the Union Address.
         Ultimately, he chose not to mention them. Hillary Clinton stood by her husband throughout the scandal. On
         January 27, in an appearance on NBC's Today she famously said, "The great story here for anybody willing to
         find it and write about it and explain it is this vast right-wing conspiracy that has been conspiring against my
         husband since the day he announced for president."

         For the next several months and through the summer, the media debated whether or not an affair had occurred
         and whether or not Clinton had lied or obstructed justice, but nothing could be definitively established beyond
         the taped recordings because Lewinsky was unwilling to discuss the affair or testify about it. On July 28, 1998, a
         substantial delay after the public break of the scandal, Lewinsky received transactional immunity in exchange
         for grand jury testimony concerning her relationship with Clinton. She also turned over a semen-stained blue
         dress (which Linda Tripp had encouraged her to save without dry cleaning) to the Starr investigators, thereby


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Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia                                        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal



         providing unambiguous DNA evidence that could prove the relationship despite Clinton's official denials.[23]

         Clinton admitted in taped grand jury testimony on August 17, 1998, that he had had an "improper physical
         relationship" with Lewinsky. That evening he gave a nationally televised statement admitting his relationship
         with Lewinsky which was "not appropriate".[24]

         Perjury charges
         In his deposition for the Jones lawsuit, Clinton denied having "sexual relations" with Lewinsky. Based on the
         evidence provided by Tripp, a blue dress with Clinton's semen, Starr concluded that this sworn testimony was
         false and perjurious.

         During the deposition, Clinton was asked "Have you ever had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky, as that
         term is defined in Deposition Exhibit 1." The judge ordered that Clinton be given an opportunity to review the
         agreed definition. Afterwards, based on the definition created by the Independent Counsel's Office, Clinton
         answered "I have never had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky." Clinton later stated, "I thought the
         definition included any activity by [me], where [I] was the actor and came in contact with those parts of the
         bodies" which had been explicitly listed (and "with an intent to gratify or arouse the sexual desire of any
         person"). In other words, Clinton denied that he had ever contacted Lewinsky's "genitalia, anus, groin, breast,
         inner thigh, or buttocks", and effectively claimed that the agreed-upon definition of "sexual relations" included
         giving oral sex but excluded receiving oral sex.[25]

         Two months after the Senate failed to convict him, President Clinton was held in civil contempt of court by
         Judge Susan D. Webber Wright.[26] His license to practice law was suspended in Arkansas for five years and
         later by the United States Supreme Court.[27] He was also fined $90,000 for giving false testimony.[28]

         Impeachment
             Main article: Impeachment of Bill Clinton

         In December 1998, Clinton's political party, the Democratic Party, was in the minority in both chambers of
         Congress. Some Democratic members of Congress, and most in the opposition Republican Party, believed that
         Clinton's giving false testimony and allegedly influencing Lewinsky's testimony were crimes of obstruction of
         justice and perjury and thus impeachable offenses. The House of Representatives voted to issue Articles of
         Impeachment against him which was followed by a 21-day trial in the Senate.

         All of the Democrats in the Senate voted for acquittal on both the perjury and the obstruction of justice charges.
         Ten Republicans voted for acquittal for perjury: Chafee (Rhode Island), Collins (Maine), Gorton (Washington),
         Jeffords (Vermont), Shelby (Alabama), Snowe (Maine), Specter (Pennsylvania), Stevens (Alaska), Thompson
         (Tennessee), and Warner (Virginia). Five Republicans voted for acquittal for obstruction of justice: Chafee,
         Collins, Jeffords, Snowe, and Specter.

         President Clinton was thereby acquitted of all charges and remained in office. There were attempts to censure
         the President by the House of Representatives, but those attempts failed.

         Aftermath
         2000 presidential election

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Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia                                      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal


         The scandal arguably affected the 2000 U.S. Presidential election in two contradicting ways. Democratic Party
         candidate and sitting Vice President Al Gore claimed that Clinton's scandal had been "a drag" that deflated the
         enthusiasm of their party's base, effectively suppressing Democratic votes. Clinton claimed that the scandal had
         made Gore's campaign too cautious, and that if Clinton had been allowed to campaign for Gore in Arkansas and
         New Hampshire, either state would have delivered Gore's needed electoral votes regardless of what happened in
         Florida.[29]

         Political analysts have supported both views. Before and after the 2000 election, John Cochran of ABC News
         connected the Lewinsky scandal with a voter phenomenon he called "Clinton fatigue".[30] Polling showed that
         the scandal continued to affect Clinton's low personal approval ratings through the election,[31] and analysts
         such as Vanderbilt University's John G. Geer later concluded "Clinton fatigue or a kind of moral retrospective
         voting had a significant impact on Gore's chances".[32] Other analysts sided with Clinton's argument, and argued
         that Gore's refusal to have Clinton campaign with him damaged his appeal.[33][34][35][36]

         Collateral scandals

         During the scandal, supporters of President Clinton alleged that the matter was private and "about sex", and
         they claimed hypocrisy by at least some of those who advocated for his removal. For example, during the House
         investigation it was revealed that Henry Hyde, Republican chair of the House Judiciary Committee and lead
         House manager, also had an affair while in office, as a state legislator. Hyde, aged 70 during the Lewinsky
         hearings, dismissed it as a "youthful indiscretion" when he was 41.[37]

         A highly-publicized investigation campaign actively sought information which might embarrass politicians who
         supported impeachment. According to the British newspaper The Guardian,

                Larry Flynt...the publisher of Hustler magazine, offered a $1 million reward... Flynt was a sworn
                enemy of the Republican party [and] sought to dig up dirt on the Republican members of Congress
                who were leading the impeachment campaign against President Clinton. [...Although] Flynt claimed
                at the time to have the goods on up to a dozen prominent Republicans, the ad campaign helped to
                bring down only one. Robert Livingston – a congressman from Louisiana...abruptly retired after
                learning that Mr Flynt was about to reveal that he had also had an affair.[38]

         Republican congressman Livingston had been widely expected to become Speaker of the United States House of
         Representatives in the next Congressional session,[39] then just weeks away, until Flynt revealed the affair.
         Livingston resigned and challenged Clinton to do the same.

         Flynt's investigation also claimed that Congressman Bob Barr, another Republican House manager, had an affair
         while married; Barr had been the first lawmaker in either chamber to call for Clinton's resignation due to the
         Lewinsky affair. Barr lost a primary challenge less than three years after the impeachment proceedings.[40]

         Dan Burton, Republican Representative from Indiana, had stated "No one, regardless of what party they serve,
         no one, regardless of what branch of government they serve, should be allowed to get away with these alleged
         sexual improprieties ...."[41] In 1998, Burton was forced to admit that he himself had an affair in 1983 that
         produced a child.[42]

         Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, Representative from Georgia and leader of the Republican Revolution of
         1994,[43] admitted in 1998 to having had an affair with a House intern while he was married to his second wife,
         at the same time as he was leading the impeachment of Bill Clinton for perjury regarding an affair with intern



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Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia                                             http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal



         Monica Lewinsky.[44][45]

         Republican Helen Chenoweth-Hage from Idaho aggressively called for the resignation of Bill Clinton, and
         admitted to her own six-year affair with a married rancher during the 1980s.[46]

         Personal acceptance

         Historian Taylor Branch implied that Clinton had requested changes to Branch's 2009 Clinton biography, The
         Clinton Tapes: Wrestling History with the President, regarding Clinton's revelation that the Lewinsky affair
         began because "I cracked; I just cracked." Branch writes that Clinton had felt "beleaguered, unappreciated and
         open to a liaison with Lewinsky" following "the Democrats' loss of Congress in the November 1994 elections,
         the death of his mother the previous January, and the ongoing Whitewater investigation".[47] Publicly, Clinton
         had previously blamed the affair on "a terrible moral error" and on anger at Republicans, stating, "if people have
         unresolved anger, it makes them do non-rational, destructive things".[48]

         See also
                List of federal political scandals in the United States
                List of state and local political scandals in the United States
                List of federal political sex scandals in the United States
                List of state and local political sex scandals in the United States

         References
            1. ^ Posner, Richard A, (2009). "Introduction" (http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/posner-affair.html) . An Affair of
               State The Investigation, Impeachment, and Trial of President Clinton. Harvard University Press.
               ISBN 0-674-00080-3. http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/posner-affair.html. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
            2. ^ "Tripp: I Am Not Intimidated" (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/07/07/archive/main13349.shtml) . CBS.
               July 7, 1998. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/07/07/archive/main13349.shtml. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
               "In January, Tripp gave Starr the tapes. She made the recordings secretly at her home at the urging of her friend
               Lucianne Goldberg, a New York literary agent."
            3. ^ Timothy Noah (September 13, 1998). Slate magazine. http://www.slate.com/id/1000162/. Retrieved July 15,
               2009. "Bill Clinton and the Meaning of "Is""
            4. ^ The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer: President Bill Clinton January 21, 1998 (http://www.pbs.org/newshour
               /bb/white_house/jan-june98/clinton_1-21.html)
            5. ^ Gitlin, Todd. "The Clinton-Lewinsky Obsession: How the press made a scandal of itself"
               (http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/1998/9812.gitlin.obsession.html) . The Washington Monthly.
               http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/1998/9812.gitlin.obsession.html. Retrieved June 11, 2009.
            6. ^ Kalb, Marvin (September 2001). One Scandalous Story: Clinton, Lewinsky, and Thirteen Days That Tarnished
               American Journalism. Free Press. ISBN 0-684-85939-4.
            7. ^ Layton, Lyndsey (July 27, 2004). "The Frenzy Over Lewinsky: As the Scandal Unfolded, a Media Storm Swirled
               in Washington" (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16300-2004Jul26.html) . The Washington Post:
               pp. B04. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16300-2004Jul26.html. Retrieved June 11, 2009.
            8. ^ Frank Rich. "Journal; Monicagate Year Two" (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/16/opinion/journal-monicagate-
               year-two.html) , The New York Times, December 16, 1998.
            9. ^ Frank Rich "Journal; Days of the Locust" (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/25/opinion/journal-days-of-
               the-locust.html) , The New York Times, February 25, 1998.
           10. ^ Melinda Hennenberger "The President Under Fire" (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/29/us/president-under-
               fire-right-conservative-talk-radio-finding-cause-for-revelry.html) , The New York Times, January 29, 1998.
           11. ^ a b James Barron with Phoebe Hoban. "Dueling Soaps" (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/28/nyregion/public-



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Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia                                               http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal


               lives-dueling-soaps.html?sec=&spon=) , The New York Times, January 28, 1998.
           12. ^ "Lewinsky and the first lady" (http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-03-19-852575883_x.htm) . USA
               Today. Associated Press. March 19, 2008. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-03-19-852575883_x.htm.
               Retrieved January 19, 2010.
           13. ^ Jeff Leen (January 24, 1998). "Lewinsky: Two Coasts, Two Lives, Many Images"
               (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/lewprofile.htm) . The Washington Post.
           14. ^ Irvine, Reed; Cliff Kincaid (August 21, 1998). "Bill Richardson Caught In Clinton Undertow" (http://www.aim.org
               /media-monitor/bill-richardson-caught-in-clinton-undertow/) . Accuracy in Media. http://www.aim.org/media-monitor
               /bill-richardson-caught-in-clinton-undertow/. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
           15. ^ York, Byron (November 15, 1998). "The American Spectator : Slick Billy" (http://spectator.org/archives/1998/11
               /15/slick-billy/) . American Spectator. http://spectator.org/archives/1998/11/15/slick-billy/. Retrieved March 5,
               2012.
           16. ^ US News and World Report, "The Monica Lewinsky Tapes", Feb 2, 1998 v124 n4 p23
           17. ^ Evan Thomas and Michael Isikoff (November 9, 1998). "The Goldberg-Tripp-Jones Axis"
               (http://www.newsweek.com/id/93748) . Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/93748.
           18. ^ John Cloud, Edward Barnes, and Richard Zoglin (February 2, 1998). "Lucianne Goldberg: in pursuit of Clinton"
               (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987748,00.html) . Time Magazine. http://www.time.com
               /time/magazine/article/0,9171,987748,00.html.
           19. ^ "Newsweek Kills Story On White House Intern" (http://www.drudgereportarchives.com/data/2002/01/17
               /20020117_175502_ml.htm) DrudgeReportArchives 1998
           20. ^ Schmidt, Susan; Peter Baker and Toni Locy (January 21, 1998). "Special Report: Clinton Accused"
               (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/clinton012198.htm) . The Washington Post.
               http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/clinton012198.htm. Retrieved August 26,
               2010.
           21. ^ Top 5: Political Quotes That Defined Presidencies | APOLITICUS.COM (http://www.apoliticus.com/2008/10
               /top-5-political-quotes-that-defined-presidencies/)
           22. ^ Response to the Lewinsky Allegations (January 26, 1998) – Miller Center of Public Affairs
               (http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3930)
           23. ^ "Starr Report" (http://icreport.loc.gov/icreport/6narrit.htm#L28) . http://icreport.loc.gov/icreport/6narrit.htm#L28.
               Retrieved July 10, 2008.
           24. ^ August 17, 1998, address to the nation, at PBS.org (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/lewinsky_address/address.html)
           25. ^ "Peter Tiersma, The Language of Perjury", languageandlaw.org, November 20, 2007
               (http://www.languageandlaw.org/PERJURY.HTM)
           26. ^ Lewis, John M. Broder With Neil A. (April 13, 1999). "Clinton is found to be in contempt on Jones lawsuit"
               (http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/13/us/clinton-is-found-to-be-in-contempt-on-jones-lawsuit.html) . The New York
               Times: p. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/13/us/clinton-is-found-to-be-in-contempt-on-jones-lawsuit.html.
               Retrieved March 5, 2012.
           27. ^ "Clinton Disbarred From Supreme Court", by Anne Gearan, Associated Press Writer, Oct. 1, 2001
               (http://famguardian.org/Subjects/LawAndGovt/News/ClintonDisbar-011001.htm)
           28. ^ Jackson, Robert L. (July 30, 1999). "Clinton Fined $90,686 for Lying in Paula Jones Case – Los Angeles Times"
               (http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jul/30/news/mn-61021) . Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jul
               /30/news/mn-61021.
           29. ^ "Bill Clinton on Lewinsky Affair: "I Cracked"" by Brian Montopoli, "Political Hotsheet", CBSNews, September
               21, 2009, As Retrieved September 21, 2009 (http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/09/21/politics/politicalhotsheet
               /entry5327644.shtml?tag=pop)
           30. ^ "Missed opportunity: Gore, incumbency and television in election 2000" by Edwin D. Dover, Greenwood
               Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 0-275-97638-6, ISBN 978-0-275-97638-5, page 130, "John Cochran on ABC
               described this phenomenon as "Clinton fatigue." He said voters were happy with the policy agenda and direction of
               the country but were tired of Clinton and wanted to forget him. Casting their votes for Bush and not for Clinton's
               surrogate, Gore, was one way to bring about this preferred change, Cochran concluded."
           31. ^ "The 2000 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective, Volume 2000, Part 3" by Robert E. Denton Jr.,
               Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 0-275-97107-4, ISBN 978-0-275-97107-6, pages 92, 98
           32. ^ Public opinion and polling around the world: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1, by John Gray Geer,
               ABC-CLIO, 2004, ISBN 1-57607-911-2, ISBN 978-1-57607-911-9, page 138
           33. ^ S/R 25: Gore's Defeat: Don't Blame Nader (Marable) (http://www.greens.org/s-r/25/25-03.html)


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Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia                                          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal


           34. ^ Why Gore (Probably) Lost – Jacob Weisberg – Slate Magazine (http://www.slate.com/id/1006450/)
           35. ^ An anatomy of 2000 USA presidential election (http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/articles
               /an_anatomy_of_2000_usa_president.htm)
           36. ^ Beyond the Recounts: Trends in the 2000 US Presidential Election – Cairn.info (http://www.cairn.info/revue-
               francaise-d-etudes-americaines-2001-4-page-10.htm)
           37. ^ Talbot, David. ""This hypocrite broke up my family"", Salon.com, September 16, 1998
           38. ^ "Porn king offers $1m for US political sex scandal" by Suzanne Goldenberg, The Guardian, Guardian News and
               Media, London, England, As Retrieved September 21, 2009 (http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/jun
               /04/pressandpublishing.usnews)
           39. ^ "Robert Livingston, The Heir Apparent With a Black Belt", The New York Times, November 10, 1998, page A24,
               As Retrieved September 21, 2009 (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/10/us/robert-livingston-the-heir-apparent-
               with-a-black-belt.html)
           40. ^ McCaffrey, Shannon. Will Bob Barr be the Ralph Nader of '08? (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/06
               /22/politics/main4200831.shtml) Associated Press (via CBS News), June 22, 2008.
           41. ^ Baker, Russ. "Portrait of a political 'pit bull'", Salon magazine, December 22, 1998
           42. ^ "Rep. Dan Burton – Member of Congress representing Indiana's 5th District" (http://www2.indystar.com/library
               /factfiles/people/b/burton_dan/burton.html) , "Library Factfiles", Indianapolis Star, updated 1/2007, Retrieved
               February 25, 2007
           43. ^ news4jax.com, October 28, 2010, "Gingrich Expects 'Republican Revolution'
           44. ^ Schneider, Bill. 09-March-2007. CNN.com. March 9, 2007. "Gingrich confession: Clearing the way for a 2008
               run?" (http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/03/09/gingrich.schneider/index.html) . Retrieved December 29, 2009.
           45. ^ "Gingrich admits having affair in '90s" (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17527506/) . Associated Press.
               http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17527506/. Retrieved June 7, 2009.
           46. ^ "Sex Scandals Through the Years: Both Parties Even". Newsweek. June 25, 2009. http://www.newsweek.com
               /blogs/the-gaggle/2009/06/25/sex-scandals-through-the-years-both-parties-even.html.
           47. ^ "Secret interviews add insight to Clinton presidency" by Susan Page, USA Today, September 21, 2009, As
               Retrieved September 21, 2009 (http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2009-09-21-clinton-tapes_N.htm)
           48. ^ "Clinton: Lewinsky affair a 'terrible moral error'" (http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/20/clinton.book
               /index.html) . CNN. June 21, 2004. Retrieved September 21, 2009.


         External links
                The Starr Report (http://www.gpoaccess.gov/icreport/report/1cover.htm)
                "Clinton Accused of Urging Aide to Lie" (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton
                /stories/clinton012198.htm) The Washington Post. January 21, 1998.
                Transcript of Jim Lehrer interview with Bill Clinton (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/white_house
                /jan-june98/clinton_1-21.html) . January 21, 1998.
                "The Fallout" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/events/clinton_under_fire/fall_out/default.stm) . BBC Online
                in-depth coverage. 1998.
                "The Impeachment Trial of President William Clinton" (http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials
                /clinton/clintontrialaccount.html) . Douglas O. Linder. 2005.
                Chronology: Key Moments In The Clinton-Lewinsky Saga (http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS
                /1998/resources/lewinsky/timeline/) . CNN.
                Clinton denying that he had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky (http://www.youtube.com
                /watch?v=YSDAXGXGiEw)

         Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lewinsky_scandal&oldid=495627200"
         Categories: Lewinsky scandal Political scandals in the United States Sex scandals




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MONICA LEWINSKY and United States of America President William "Bill" Clinton SCANDAL

  • 1. Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal Lewinsky scandal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Lewinsky scandal was a political sex scandal emerging in 1998, from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a 21-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. The news of this extra- marital affair and the resulting investigation eventually led to the impeachment of President Clinton in 1998 by the U.S. House of Representatives and his subsequent acquittal on all impeachment charges of perjury and obstruction of justice in a 21-day Senate trial.[1] In 1995, Monica Lewinsky, a graduate of Lewis & Clark College, was hired to work as an intern at the White House during Clinton's first term, and began a personal relationship with him, the details of which she later confided to her friend and Defense department co-worker Linda Tripp, who secretly recorded their telephone conversations.[2] When Tripp discovered in January 1998, that Lewinsky had signed an affidavit in the Paula Jones case denying a relationship with Clinton, she delivered the tapes to Kenneth Starr, the Independent Counsel who was investigating Clinton on other matters, including the Whitewater scandal, the White House FBI files controversy, and the White House travel office controversy. During the grand jury testimony Clinton's responses were carefully worded, and he argued, "It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is",[3] in regards to the truthfulness of his statement that "there is not a sexual relationship, an improper sexual relationship or any other kind of improper relationship"[4] The wide reporting of the scandal led to criticism of the press for over-coverage.[5][6][7] The scandal is sometimes referred to as "Monicagate",[8] "Lewinskygate",[9] "Tailgate",[10] "Sexgate",[11] and "Zippergate",[11] following the "gate" nickname construction that has been popular since the Watergate scandal. Contents 1 Allegations of sexual contact 2 Denial and subsequent admission 3 Perjury charges 4 Impeachment 5 Aftermath 5.1 2000 presidential election 5.2 Collateral scandals 5.3 Personal acceptance 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Allegations of sexual contact Lewinsky claimed to have had sexual encounters with Bill Clinton on nine occasions from November 1995 to March 1997. According to her published schedule, First Lady Hillary Clinton was at the White House for at least some portion of seven of those days.[12] 1 of 8 6/7/2012 11:51 AM
  • 2. Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal In April 1996, Lewinsky's superiors relocated her job to the Pentagon, because they felt that she was spending too much time around Clinton.[13] According to his autobiography, then-United Nations Ambassador Bill Richardson was asked by the White House in 1997 to interview Lewinsky for a job on his staff at the UN. Richardson did so, and offered her a position, which she declined.[14] The American Spectator alleged that Richardson knew more about the Lewinsky affair than he declared to the grand jury.[15] Lewinsky confided in a coworker named Linda Tripp about her relationship with Clinton. Tripp convinced Lewinsky to save the gifts that Clinton had given her, and not to dry clean what would later be known as the "infamous blue dress". Tripp reported these conversations to literary agent Lucianne Goldberg, who advised her to secretly record them,[16] which Tripp began doing in September 1997. Goldberg also urged Tripp to take the tapes to Kenneth Starr and bring them to the attention of people working on the Paula Jones case.[17] In the fall of 1997, Goldberg began speaking to reporters (notably Michael Isikoff of Newsweek) about the tapes.[18] In January 1998, after Lewinsky had submitted an affidavit in the Paula Jones case denying any physical relationship with Clinton, she attempted to persuade Tripp to lie under oath in the Jones case. Instead, Tripp gave the tapes to Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr who was investigating the Whitewater controversy and other matters. Now armed with evidence of Lewinsky's admission of a physical relationship with Clinton, he broadened the investigation to include Lewinsky and her possible perjury in the Jones case. She decided to turn in her best friend due to the stakes at hand. Denial and subsequent admission News of the scandal first broke on January 17, 1998, on the Drudge Report,[19] which reported that Newsweek editors were sitting on a story by investigative reporter Michael Isikoff exposing the affair. The story broke in the mainstream press on January 21 in The Washington Post.[20] The story swirled for several days and, despite swift denials from Clinton, the clamor for answers from the White House grew louder as the people became angry. On January 26, President Clinton, standing with his wife, spoke at a White House press conference, and issued a forceful denial, which contained what would later become one of the best-known sound bites of his presidency:[21] Now, I have to go back to work on my State of the Union speech. And I worked on it until pretty late last night. But I want to say one thing to the American people. I want you to listen to me. I'm going to say this again: I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time; never. These allegations are false. And I need to go back to work for the American people. Thank you.[22] Pundits debated whether or not Clinton would address the allegations in his State of the Union Address. Ultimately, he chose not to mention them. Hillary Clinton stood by her husband throughout the scandal. On January 27, in an appearance on NBC's Today she famously said, "The great story here for anybody willing to find it and write about it and explain it is this vast right-wing conspiracy that has been conspiring against my husband since the day he announced for president." For the next several months and through the summer, the media debated whether or not an affair had occurred and whether or not Clinton had lied or obstructed justice, but nothing could be definitively established beyond the taped recordings because Lewinsky was unwilling to discuss the affair or testify about it. On July 28, 1998, a substantial delay after the public break of the scandal, Lewinsky received transactional immunity in exchange for grand jury testimony concerning her relationship with Clinton. She also turned over a semen-stained blue dress (which Linda Tripp had encouraged her to save without dry cleaning) to the Starr investigators, thereby 2 of 8 6/7/2012 11:51 AM
  • 3. Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal providing unambiguous DNA evidence that could prove the relationship despite Clinton's official denials.[23] Clinton admitted in taped grand jury testimony on August 17, 1998, that he had had an "improper physical relationship" with Lewinsky. That evening he gave a nationally televised statement admitting his relationship with Lewinsky which was "not appropriate".[24] Perjury charges In his deposition for the Jones lawsuit, Clinton denied having "sexual relations" with Lewinsky. Based on the evidence provided by Tripp, a blue dress with Clinton's semen, Starr concluded that this sworn testimony was false and perjurious. During the deposition, Clinton was asked "Have you ever had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky, as that term is defined in Deposition Exhibit 1." The judge ordered that Clinton be given an opportunity to review the agreed definition. Afterwards, based on the definition created by the Independent Counsel's Office, Clinton answered "I have never had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky." Clinton later stated, "I thought the definition included any activity by [me], where [I] was the actor and came in contact with those parts of the bodies" which had been explicitly listed (and "with an intent to gratify or arouse the sexual desire of any person"). In other words, Clinton denied that he had ever contacted Lewinsky's "genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks", and effectively claimed that the agreed-upon definition of "sexual relations" included giving oral sex but excluded receiving oral sex.[25] Two months after the Senate failed to convict him, President Clinton was held in civil contempt of court by Judge Susan D. Webber Wright.[26] His license to practice law was suspended in Arkansas for five years and later by the United States Supreme Court.[27] He was also fined $90,000 for giving false testimony.[28] Impeachment Main article: Impeachment of Bill Clinton In December 1998, Clinton's political party, the Democratic Party, was in the minority in both chambers of Congress. Some Democratic members of Congress, and most in the opposition Republican Party, believed that Clinton's giving false testimony and allegedly influencing Lewinsky's testimony were crimes of obstruction of justice and perjury and thus impeachable offenses. The House of Representatives voted to issue Articles of Impeachment against him which was followed by a 21-day trial in the Senate. All of the Democrats in the Senate voted for acquittal on both the perjury and the obstruction of justice charges. Ten Republicans voted for acquittal for perjury: Chafee (Rhode Island), Collins (Maine), Gorton (Washington), Jeffords (Vermont), Shelby (Alabama), Snowe (Maine), Specter (Pennsylvania), Stevens (Alaska), Thompson (Tennessee), and Warner (Virginia). Five Republicans voted for acquittal for obstruction of justice: Chafee, Collins, Jeffords, Snowe, and Specter. President Clinton was thereby acquitted of all charges and remained in office. There were attempts to censure the President by the House of Representatives, but those attempts failed. Aftermath 2000 presidential election 3 of 8 6/7/2012 11:51 AM
  • 4. Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal The scandal arguably affected the 2000 U.S. Presidential election in two contradicting ways. Democratic Party candidate and sitting Vice President Al Gore claimed that Clinton's scandal had been "a drag" that deflated the enthusiasm of their party's base, effectively suppressing Democratic votes. Clinton claimed that the scandal had made Gore's campaign too cautious, and that if Clinton had been allowed to campaign for Gore in Arkansas and New Hampshire, either state would have delivered Gore's needed electoral votes regardless of what happened in Florida.[29] Political analysts have supported both views. Before and after the 2000 election, John Cochran of ABC News connected the Lewinsky scandal with a voter phenomenon he called "Clinton fatigue".[30] Polling showed that the scandal continued to affect Clinton's low personal approval ratings through the election,[31] and analysts such as Vanderbilt University's John G. Geer later concluded "Clinton fatigue or a kind of moral retrospective voting had a significant impact on Gore's chances".[32] Other analysts sided with Clinton's argument, and argued that Gore's refusal to have Clinton campaign with him damaged his appeal.[33][34][35][36] Collateral scandals During the scandal, supporters of President Clinton alleged that the matter was private and "about sex", and they claimed hypocrisy by at least some of those who advocated for his removal. For example, during the House investigation it was revealed that Henry Hyde, Republican chair of the House Judiciary Committee and lead House manager, also had an affair while in office, as a state legislator. Hyde, aged 70 during the Lewinsky hearings, dismissed it as a "youthful indiscretion" when he was 41.[37] A highly-publicized investigation campaign actively sought information which might embarrass politicians who supported impeachment. According to the British newspaper The Guardian, Larry Flynt...the publisher of Hustler magazine, offered a $1 million reward... Flynt was a sworn enemy of the Republican party [and] sought to dig up dirt on the Republican members of Congress who were leading the impeachment campaign against President Clinton. [...Although] Flynt claimed at the time to have the goods on up to a dozen prominent Republicans, the ad campaign helped to bring down only one. Robert Livingston – a congressman from Louisiana...abruptly retired after learning that Mr Flynt was about to reveal that he had also had an affair.[38] Republican congressman Livingston had been widely expected to become Speaker of the United States House of Representatives in the next Congressional session,[39] then just weeks away, until Flynt revealed the affair. Livingston resigned and challenged Clinton to do the same. Flynt's investigation also claimed that Congressman Bob Barr, another Republican House manager, had an affair while married; Barr had been the first lawmaker in either chamber to call for Clinton's resignation due to the Lewinsky affair. Barr lost a primary challenge less than three years after the impeachment proceedings.[40] Dan Burton, Republican Representative from Indiana, had stated "No one, regardless of what party they serve, no one, regardless of what branch of government they serve, should be allowed to get away with these alleged sexual improprieties ...."[41] In 1998, Burton was forced to admit that he himself had an affair in 1983 that produced a child.[42] Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, Representative from Georgia and leader of the Republican Revolution of 1994,[43] admitted in 1998 to having had an affair with a House intern while he was married to his second wife, at the same time as he was leading the impeachment of Bill Clinton for perjury regarding an affair with intern 4 of 8 6/7/2012 11:51 AM
  • 5. Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal Monica Lewinsky.[44][45] Republican Helen Chenoweth-Hage from Idaho aggressively called for the resignation of Bill Clinton, and admitted to her own six-year affair with a married rancher during the 1980s.[46] Personal acceptance Historian Taylor Branch implied that Clinton had requested changes to Branch's 2009 Clinton biography, The Clinton Tapes: Wrestling History with the President, regarding Clinton's revelation that the Lewinsky affair began because "I cracked; I just cracked." Branch writes that Clinton had felt "beleaguered, unappreciated and open to a liaison with Lewinsky" following "the Democrats' loss of Congress in the November 1994 elections, the death of his mother the previous January, and the ongoing Whitewater investigation".[47] Publicly, Clinton had previously blamed the affair on "a terrible moral error" and on anger at Republicans, stating, "if people have unresolved anger, it makes them do non-rational, destructive things".[48] See also List of federal political scandals in the United States List of state and local political scandals in the United States List of federal political sex scandals in the United States List of state and local political sex scandals in the United States References 1. ^ Posner, Richard A, (2009). "Introduction" (http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/posner-affair.html) . An Affair of State The Investigation, Impeachment, and Trial of President Clinton. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00080-3. http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/posner-affair.html. Retrieved March 1, 2012. 2. ^ "Tripp: I Am Not Intimidated" (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/07/07/archive/main13349.shtml) . CBS. July 7, 1998. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/07/07/archive/main13349.shtml. Retrieved January 26, 2010. "In January, Tripp gave Starr the tapes. She made the recordings secretly at her home at the urging of her friend Lucianne Goldberg, a New York literary agent." 3. ^ Timothy Noah (September 13, 1998). Slate magazine. http://www.slate.com/id/1000162/. Retrieved July 15, 2009. "Bill Clinton and the Meaning of "Is"" 4. ^ The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer: President Bill Clinton January 21, 1998 (http://www.pbs.org/newshour /bb/white_house/jan-june98/clinton_1-21.html) 5. ^ Gitlin, Todd. "The Clinton-Lewinsky Obsession: How the press made a scandal of itself" (http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/1998/9812.gitlin.obsession.html) . The Washington Monthly. http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/1998/9812.gitlin.obsession.html. Retrieved June 11, 2009. 6. ^ Kalb, Marvin (September 2001). One Scandalous Story: Clinton, Lewinsky, and Thirteen Days That Tarnished American Journalism. Free Press. ISBN 0-684-85939-4. 7. ^ Layton, Lyndsey (July 27, 2004). "The Frenzy Over Lewinsky: As the Scandal Unfolded, a Media Storm Swirled in Washington" (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16300-2004Jul26.html) . The Washington Post: pp. B04. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16300-2004Jul26.html. Retrieved June 11, 2009. 8. ^ Frank Rich. "Journal; Monicagate Year Two" (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/16/opinion/journal-monicagate- year-two.html) , The New York Times, December 16, 1998. 9. ^ Frank Rich "Journal; Days of the Locust" (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/25/opinion/journal-days-of- the-locust.html) , The New York Times, February 25, 1998. 10. ^ Melinda Hennenberger "The President Under Fire" (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/29/us/president-under- fire-right-conservative-talk-radio-finding-cause-for-revelry.html) , The New York Times, January 29, 1998. 11. ^ a b James Barron with Phoebe Hoban. "Dueling Soaps" (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/28/nyregion/public- 5 of 8 6/7/2012 11:51 AM
  • 6. Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal lives-dueling-soaps.html?sec=&spon=) , The New York Times, January 28, 1998. 12. ^ "Lewinsky and the first lady" (http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-03-19-852575883_x.htm) . USA Today. Associated Press. March 19, 2008. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-03-19-852575883_x.htm. Retrieved January 19, 2010. 13. ^ Jeff Leen (January 24, 1998). "Lewinsky: Two Coasts, Two Lives, Many Images" (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/lewprofile.htm) . The Washington Post. 14. ^ Irvine, Reed; Cliff Kincaid (August 21, 1998). "Bill Richardson Caught In Clinton Undertow" (http://www.aim.org /media-monitor/bill-richardson-caught-in-clinton-undertow/) . Accuracy in Media. http://www.aim.org/media-monitor /bill-richardson-caught-in-clinton-undertow/. Retrieved March 5, 2012. 15. ^ York, Byron (November 15, 1998). "The American Spectator : Slick Billy" (http://spectator.org/archives/1998/11 /15/slick-billy/) . American Spectator. http://spectator.org/archives/1998/11/15/slick-billy/. Retrieved March 5, 2012. 16. ^ US News and World Report, "The Monica Lewinsky Tapes", Feb 2, 1998 v124 n4 p23 17. ^ Evan Thomas and Michael Isikoff (November 9, 1998). "The Goldberg-Tripp-Jones Axis" (http://www.newsweek.com/id/93748) . Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/93748. 18. ^ John Cloud, Edward Barnes, and Richard Zoglin (February 2, 1998). "Lucianne Goldberg: in pursuit of Clinton" (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987748,00.html) . Time Magazine. http://www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,987748,00.html. 19. ^ "Newsweek Kills Story On White House Intern" (http://www.drudgereportarchives.com/data/2002/01/17 /20020117_175502_ml.htm) DrudgeReportArchives 1998 20. ^ Schmidt, Susan; Peter Baker and Toni Locy (January 21, 1998). "Special Report: Clinton Accused" (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/clinton012198.htm) . The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/clinton012198.htm. Retrieved August 26, 2010. 21. ^ Top 5: Political Quotes That Defined Presidencies | APOLITICUS.COM (http://www.apoliticus.com/2008/10 /top-5-political-quotes-that-defined-presidencies/) 22. ^ Response to the Lewinsky Allegations (January 26, 1998) – Miller Center of Public Affairs (http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3930) 23. ^ "Starr Report" (http://icreport.loc.gov/icreport/6narrit.htm#L28) . http://icreport.loc.gov/icreport/6narrit.htm#L28. Retrieved July 10, 2008. 24. ^ August 17, 1998, address to the nation, at PBS.org (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/lewinsky_address/address.html) 25. ^ "Peter Tiersma, The Language of Perjury", languageandlaw.org, November 20, 2007 (http://www.languageandlaw.org/PERJURY.HTM) 26. ^ Lewis, John M. Broder With Neil A. (April 13, 1999). "Clinton is found to be in contempt on Jones lawsuit" (http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/13/us/clinton-is-found-to-be-in-contempt-on-jones-lawsuit.html) . The New York Times: p. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/13/us/clinton-is-found-to-be-in-contempt-on-jones-lawsuit.html. Retrieved March 5, 2012. 27. ^ "Clinton Disbarred From Supreme Court", by Anne Gearan, Associated Press Writer, Oct. 1, 2001 (http://famguardian.org/Subjects/LawAndGovt/News/ClintonDisbar-011001.htm) 28. ^ Jackson, Robert L. (July 30, 1999). "Clinton Fined $90,686 for Lying in Paula Jones Case – Los Angeles Times" (http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jul/30/news/mn-61021) . Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jul /30/news/mn-61021. 29. ^ "Bill Clinton on Lewinsky Affair: "I Cracked"" by Brian Montopoli, "Political Hotsheet", CBSNews, September 21, 2009, As Retrieved September 21, 2009 (http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/09/21/politics/politicalhotsheet /entry5327644.shtml?tag=pop) 30. ^ "Missed opportunity: Gore, incumbency and television in election 2000" by Edwin D. Dover, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 0-275-97638-6, ISBN 978-0-275-97638-5, page 130, "John Cochran on ABC described this phenomenon as "Clinton fatigue." He said voters were happy with the policy agenda and direction of the country but were tired of Clinton and wanted to forget him. Casting their votes for Bush and not for Clinton's surrogate, Gore, was one way to bring about this preferred change, Cochran concluded." 31. ^ "The 2000 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective, Volume 2000, Part 3" by Robert E. Denton Jr., Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 0-275-97107-4, ISBN 978-0-275-97107-6, pages 92, 98 32. ^ Public opinion and polling around the world: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1, by John Gray Geer, ABC-CLIO, 2004, ISBN 1-57607-911-2, ISBN 978-1-57607-911-9, page 138 33. ^ S/R 25: Gore's Defeat: Don't Blame Nader (Marable) (http://www.greens.org/s-r/25/25-03.html) 6 of 8 6/7/2012 11:51 AM
  • 7. Lewinsky scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal 34. ^ Why Gore (Probably) Lost – Jacob Weisberg – Slate Magazine (http://www.slate.com/id/1006450/) 35. ^ An anatomy of 2000 USA presidential election (http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/articles /an_anatomy_of_2000_usa_president.htm) 36. ^ Beyond the Recounts: Trends in the 2000 US Presidential Election – Cairn.info (http://www.cairn.info/revue- francaise-d-etudes-americaines-2001-4-page-10.htm) 37. ^ Talbot, David. ""This hypocrite broke up my family"", Salon.com, September 16, 1998 38. ^ "Porn king offers $1m for US political sex scandal" by Suzanne Goldenberg, The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, London, England, As Retrieved September 21, 2009 (http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/jun /04/pressandpublishing.usnews) 39. ^ "Robert Livingston, The Heir Apparent With a Black Belt", The New York Times, November 10, 1998, page A24, As Retrieved September 21, 2009 (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/10/us/robert-livingston-the-heir-apparent- with-a-black-belt.html) 40. ^ McCaffrey, Shannon. Will Bob Barr be the Ralph Nader of '08? (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/06 /22/politics/main4200831.shtml) Associated Press (via CBS News), June 22, 2008. 41. ^ Baker, Russ. "Portrait of a political 'pit bull'", Salon magazine, December 22, 1998 42. ^ "Rep. Dan Burton – Member of Congress representing Indiana's 5th District" (http://www2.indystar.com/library /factfiles/people/b/burton_dan/burton.html) , "Library Factfiles", Indianapolis Star, updated 1/2007, Retrieved February 25, 2007 43. ^ news4jax.com, October 28, 2010, "Gingrich Expects 'Republican Revolution' 44. ^ Schneider, Bill. 09-March-2007. CNN.com. March 9, 2007. "Gingrich confession: Clearing the way for a 2008 run?" (http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/03/09/gingrich.schneider/index.html) . Retrieved December 29, 2009. 45. ^ "Gingrich admits having affair in '90s" (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17527506/) . Associated Press. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17527506/. Retrieved June 7, 2009. 46. ^ "Sex Scandals Through the Years: Both Parties Even". Newsweek. June 25, 2009. http://www.newsweek.com /blogs/the-gaggle/2009/06/25/sex-scandals-through-the-years-both-parties-even.html. 47. ^ "Secret interviews add insight to Clinton presidency" by Susan Page, USA Today, September 21, 2009, As Retrieved September 21, 2009 (http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2009-09-21-clinton-tapes_N.htm) 48. ^ "Clinton: Lewinsky affair a 'terrible moral error'" (http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/20/clinton.book /index.html) . CNN. June 21, 2004. Retrieved September 21, 2009. External links The Starr Report (http://www.gpoaccess.gov/icreport/report/1cover.htm) "Clinton Accused of Urging Aide to Lie" (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton /stories/clinton012198.htm) The Washington Post. January 21, 1998. Transcript of Jim Lehrer interview with Bill Clinton (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/white_house /jan-june98/clinton_1-21.html) . January 21, 1998. "The Fallout" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/events/clinton_under_fire/fall_out/default.stm) . BBC Online in-depth coverage. 1998. "The Impeachment Trial of President William Clinton" (http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials /clinton/clintontrialaccount.html) . Douglas O. Linder. 2005. Chronology: Key Moments In The Clinton-Lewinsky Saga (http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS /1998/resources/lewinsky/timeline/) . CNN. Clinton denying that he had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky (http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=YSDAXGXGiEw) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lewinsky_scandal&oldid=495627200" Categories: Lewinsky scandal Political scandals in the United States Sex scandals 7 of 8 6/7/2012 11:51 AM