Week 4 Lecture

2. Lecturer: Mr. Joseph Lyster

3. joseph.lyster@ul.ie

4. Notes prepared by: Mr. Donal Canty, Mr. Des Kelly and Mr. Joseph Lyster

6. WT4603 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

7. WT4603 Personal protective equipment For centuries, people have employed the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Cowboys wore leather chaps. Eskimos wear thick gloves and coats. Medieval knights wore Armour. Soccer players wear shin guards. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

8. WT4603 What is PPE? “All equipment which is held or worn at work to protect a person from any harm or environmental hazards encountered.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

9. WT4603 Environmental Hazards Noise Dust Smoke Unsafe Machinery Etc. There are 5 main classes of environmental hazard: Chemical Physical Mechanical Biological Psychological Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

10. WT4603 Hierarchy of risk control Eliminate the Hazard Completely. Substitute Hazard with a safer alternative. Isolate the Hazard. Use engineering controls to reduce risk at the source (Guarding). Provide training on how to avoid risks. & if all that fails… Use PPE. MOST PREFERABLE SOLUTION Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

11. WT4603 Using P.P.E. The use of PPE is a last resort! It should only be relied upon for protection when all other means of controlling a hazard have been eliminated as possibilities. It is much more desirable to completely eliminate the hazard than to safeguard against it. Prevention is better than cure!!! PPE should be used: Where Engineering (Guarding) or Administrative (Training, Rules) controls are not feasible. As a short-term measure during periods of time when engineering or administrative controls are being implemented. During emergency response situations. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

12. WT4603 PPE Legislation Safety Health and Welfare at Work (Control of Noise at Work) Regulations 2006. Act specifically outlining the requirements to protect the hearing of employees in the workplace. Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005. (Formerly 1989 Act) General Act Governing health and Safety at work in Ireland The Safety, Health and Welfare at work (General Application) Regulations 2007. Among other things, this Act outlines the legal responsibilities in relation to the use of PPE in the workplace & schools. European Communities (Personal Protective Equipment) Regulations, 1993. Aimed more specifically at the selection, use and manufacturing quality of PPE. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

13. WT4603 Responsibilities of Employers* All employers must conduct a Hazard Identification and risk assessment to determine if the use of PPE is necessary. Risk control; this may be through the use of PPE. Provision of PPE on the basis of the Hazard Identification. Provision of Training on using necessary PPE. The Safety, Health and Welfare at work (General Application) Regulations 2007 requires schools to provide suitable PPE if a risk to health and safety cannot be avoided or sufficiently controlled through other means. *The Safety, Health and Welfare at work (General Application) Regulations 2007. *The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

14. WT4603 Responsibilities of Principals They should: Carry out a risk assessment to identify the possible need for PPE. Provide, free of charge, adequate PPE to employees (Teachers) who may be exposed to hazards at work that have not been controlled by other means. Make an assessment before choosing any form of PPE. Ensure that PPE is well maintained and cared for. Provide storage for PPE when not in use. Provide teachers with training in the use, limitations and care of their of PPE Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

15. WT4603 Responsibilities of Teachers (Employees) Employees must: Attend PPE training. Make full and proper use of PPE. Ensure PPE is correctly stored and cared for. Follow all directions and heed all warnings. Report any defects in or loss of PPE to employer. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

16. WT4603 Provision of P.P.E. The employer should shoulder the cost of all PPE required by the employee. In schools, this means that any teachers requiring it, should be provided with a full set of PPE by the school. It should be made mandatory that all pupils should be required to provide their own PPE (to the appropriate standard). Wearing of this PPE should be strictly enforced by the teacher. Employer must maintain and replace broken or un-usable PPE. However, it is the responsibility of each employee to respect and care for their PPE and report any damage or defects present in it to the employer. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

17. WT4603 PPE Training* Employers must provide the following training in relation to PPE: Proper use of PPE. When to use PPE. Adequate PPE Storage. Importance of using PPE. How to spot defects in PPE Teachers should also provide training to their pupils on how to use their PPE correctly. Part of a teachers demonstrations should place an emphasis on The correct use of PPE Importance of PPE Care of PPE. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

18. Sharing PPE WT4603 Under no circumstances should pupils be allowed to share PPE. Why Not? Associated hygiene issues. Swapping PPE may limit the level of protection offered: Different size/Setting. Make sure everyone has their own!!! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

19. WT4603 PPE Selection In schools, the selection of PPE is generally the responsibility of the teacher. For this reason, it is vital that teachers are capable of making the correct selection of PPE both for themselves and the pupils left in their care. When selecting PPE, always think of the worst case scenario – What is the worst that could happen? The existence of the “CE” marking on a piece of equipment should indicate that its manufacturer has met all relevant safety standards and requirements. ALWAYS look for this mark when buying PPE (as well as other equipment, tools and machinery.) Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

20. WT4603 PPE – Some Factors to Consider DEGRADATION Harmful change of physical properties of a protective clothing material when subjected to a chemical or wear and tear over time. PENETRATION Flow of chemicals/ hazardous substances through seals such as zips, seams or pinholes. PERMEATION Movement of the hazardous substance through the protective material itself. Always consult manufacturer’s instructions. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

21. WT4603 Eye & Face Protection Thousands of people are blinded in the workplace every year for no reason. Simple and inexpensive face and eye protection could have prevented it. The human eye is very sensitive organ and is highly susceptible to injury from many sources: Impact Chemicals Dust/ foreign particles. Etc.. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

22. WT4603 The eye The Cornea & Lens focus light. The Iris controls the amount of light entering the eye. All are made up of very soft, delicate and easily damaged tissue. Damage is often irreparable! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

23. WT4603 Common Eye Injury Causes Objects hitting the eye Swarf. Flying particles (Sawdust). Flying objects (Projected materials/ tools!) Intense Light (Lasers, Welding) Contact with Chemicals. Falling onto or walking into stationary objects. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

24. WT4603 Chemicals/ fumes/ mists Spray Paint. Fumes from welding and other heat processes. Smoke. Aerosol Cans. Liquid droplets. Airborne Hazardous chemicals can enter and damage the eye. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

25. WT4603 Flying particles Grinding Hammering Welding Splashes of chemicals and molten metals Physically injure the eye, tearing or scratching the cornea. Very painful and difficult to correct. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

26. WT4603 Thermal Heat and glare from molten metals, furnaces and other heat processes such as welding or soldering can burn the cornea. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

27. WT4603 Intense light levels Lasers Exposures to excessive glare or bright lights Damage the retina and optic nerve located deep within the eye as opposed to swarf or dust just damaging the cornea. A much more serious injury. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

28. WT4603 Safeguarding against Eye Injuries Eye protection should be worn when spray painting, grinding, drilling, welding, sawing, working in a dusty environment, or handling chemicals. One should also develop the good habit of protecting the eyes whenever working with hand or power tools. WHEN IN DOUBT, WEAR EYE PROTECTION ANYWAY! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

29. Machinery Guarding WT4603 Because it is much more preferable to eliminate the hazard at the source, guarding is often added. This is not usually enough to fully reduce the risk so wear safety glasses as well!! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

30. WT4603 Ventilation Ventilation is the movement of air, usually between the inside and outside of enclosed spaces. Ventilation is necessary when people or animals are present to remove carbon dioxide and replace it with oxygen. Ventilation must also be used to remove dangerous pollutants such as smoke, fumes, chemicals and fine particles suspended in the air. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

31. WT4603 Safety Glasses/goggles Safety glasses usually have frontal protection only. Safety goggles fit closer to the face and protect the eyes from frontal as well impact from all other directions. Much more resistant to airborne hazards Airborne hazards such as fine particles and dust may by-pass safety glasses. Check for “CE” marking. Different Grades available for different hazard levels. Prescription safety glasses also available. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

32. WT4603 Face Shields Should be used in conjunction wit glasses or goggles where possible. Not considered suitable eye protection on its own. Offers very little protection against strong impact More suitable for dust and small flying particles (Lathe Work). Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

33. WT4603 NOTE: “CE” Marking Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

34. WT4603 Welding Goggles/Shield/Helmet The brilliant light from welding can cause serious damage to the eye even when exposed to it for a short period of time. A welding helmet is fitted with a special lens to filter extreme bright light from welding while the helmet itself protects against hot sparks. Anyone watching the welding should also utilise suitable PPE. When chipping slag, ensure that you, as well as anybody else watching, is wearing suitable eye protection! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

35. WT4603 Care of Eye Protection Clean with wipes or water. Don’t use abrasive soaps. Store in a clean, dry and dust-free place. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

36. WT4603 Eyewash Stations Install and Maintain Display instructions. Train on how to use. Keep fully stocked. Some chemicals react with water – Consult Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

37. WT4603 Of course, wearing safety glasses doesn’t necessarily mean you are going to be safe from everything!! USE YOUR COMMON SENSE!!! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

38. WT4603 Respiratory Protection Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

39. WT4603 The Breathing Process To best understand the hazards one should take a look at how breathing works Take a breath and air rushes from the external environment, down the windpipe and into the alveoli in the lungs. Alveoli in lungs are tiny air sacs which transfer oxygen into blood and CO2 from it. The lung is a very delicate organ and can be easily damaged by hazardous dusts, fumes and chemicals when inhaled. Damaged lungs are also much more susceptible to contracting further diseases. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

40. WT4603 Dust Dust is formed when material is broken down into tiny particles. Grinding. Sanding. Cutting. The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents) Regulations 2001 requires all schools to assess and determine the risk posed by any chemical agent including wood dust. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

41. WT4603 Wood Dust Machining Processes: MDF and hardwood dust is considered to be a significant hazard. Sanding – Fine dust that may even stay airborne for hours after work has ended. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

42. WT4603 Carcinogens A carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. Softwood dust – Non-Carcinogenic. Hardwood dust – Carcinogenic. MDF - Carcinogenic. Due to the carcinogenic nature of these materials, they should be phased out completely in the technology classrooms. At a minimum, PPE and dust extraction should be available. It is the responsibility of the employer to monitor and control the use of carcinogenic materials and substances in the workplace.* Storage. Training. Control Measures or suitable PPE. *Safety, Health & Welfare at Work (Carcinogens) Regulations, 2001. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

43. WT4603 Vapors A vapor is created when a liquid or solid evaporates. EXAMPLES Petrol vapors. Wood finishes Paint. Thinners Solvents Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

44. WT4603 Mists and Sprays Mists and sprays are made up of small droplets suspended in the air. Aerosols and spray guns, by design, create fine sprays and mists. EXAMPLES Paint Water Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

45. Gases, fumes & Smoke WT4603 GAS May or may not have a smell. May or may not be visible. FUMES Occur during high heat process such as welding or soldering. SMOKE The suspension in air of small particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of a fuel. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

46. WT4603 Respiratory Protection Hazardous substances which have become airborne pose a significant threat to the lungs and therefore we must protect ourselves against them in some way The aim should always be to prevent the substance from getting into the air in the first place but when this is not possible, Respiratory Protection should be used. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

47. WT4603 Respirators All respirators have some form of face piece which is held to the face with straps, usually around the head. Half-face respirators cover the nose and mouth only and are for use where the contaminants are not a threat to the eyes or face. A full-face respirator covers all the face and should be used where contaminants may be a hazard to eyes and the face as well as the respiratory system. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

48. WT4603 Respirators A respirator is a device which is designed to protect the wearer from inhaling harmful dusts, gases, fumes or vapours. Two main types of respirator exist: Air Purifying Respirators. Atmosphere Supplying Respirators Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

49. WT4603 Air Purifying Respirators Used against contaminants such as smoke, dust, vapours and fumes. Acts passively to remove contaminants from the air. The device renders the contaminated air breathable. Usually has a filter for particulates or a cartridge for gasses and vapours (or a mixture of both). Not suitable where the levels of oxygen in the air are deficient. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

50. Filter Mask - Disposable WT4603 A filter mask offers protection to its wearer against airborne substances. It usually covers only the nose and mouth and works by restricting the flow of air, forcing it through a filter which removes harmful particles or dusts. The most common type is the white disposable N95 filter mask as shown. Cannot protect against: Gasses Vapors Low O2 levels Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

51. WT4603 Filter Mask - Reusable Reusable filter masks fitted with disposable filter cartridges are also available. When filters become saturated or worn, or if air flow is restricted they must be replaced. Mask cartridges are filled with certain resins or chemicals that will absorb certain fumes, eliminating them from the inhaled air. Different cartridges are available for filtering different contaminants from the air. Check manufacturer’s instructions & Use by date. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

52. WT4603 Atmosphere Supplying Respirators Air supplied respirators use reserve tanks to supply a constant flow of air to the wearer’s face/lungs. The contaminated air is not purified in any way nor is it inhaled by the wearer. Fire Fighters S.C.B.A. – Self Contained Breathing Apparatus S.C.U.B.A. – Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

53. WT4603 Respirator Selection Hazard level should be determine and adequate level of protection selected accordingly by a competent person. Determined largely by the hazard present. E.g. - Dust PPE will give no protection against fumes and vapours. Supplied air respirators in schools SHOULD NOT BE USED. If any such risk should exist, find an alternative for it! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

54. WT4603 Inspection Before Use Check Respirators before you them every time. Look out for; Wear and damage. Cracks Loose fittings. Use by dates. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

55. Monitoring the Respirator WT4603 As you work- you must stay aware of your respirators operation. Signs of it not working are: Feeling dizzy or sick. Being able to smell or taste the contaminant in the air. Difficulty breathing. Filter/ cartridge has expired. Respirator is damaged. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

56. WT4603 Storing When not using respirators, they must be carefully stored in order to prevent deterioration in their effectiveness. Store in a sealable plastic bag and away from: Dust Moisture Direct Sunlight Heat Extreme cold Chemicals Germs/fungal growth Sources of infection. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

57. WT4603 Hearing Protection Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

58. WT4603 Noise Noise is often described as being sound that people would prefer not to hear. What may be important or welcome sound to you may be noise to others exposed to it. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

59. WT4603 Is Noise harming you? If you experience any of the following, you may be exposed to excessive noise levels on a daily basis: You experience ringing or other noises in your ears. You have difficulty hearing people talking. You are unable to hear high pitched or soft sounds. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

60. Remember! WT4603 Becoming used to a loud noise is a sign of gradual hearing loss. You do not become used to it, you merely lose your ability to hear it!! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

61. WT4603 Ear Protection Zones If the risk assessment reveals areas of high noise levels in which ear protection is required, they must designated as Hearing Protection zone These zones must be marked clearly using adequate signage. The sign should show the following: That you are entering an ear protection zone. Ear protection must be worn in this area. Nobody may enter the zone without wearing appropriate hearing protection. Safety Health and Welfare at Work (Control of Noise at Work) Regulations 2006 Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

62. WT4603 As a Rule! If you must shout in order for someone 2 meters away from you to hear you, YOU SHOULD BE WEARING HEARING PROTECTION! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

63. WT4603 Hearing Protection Devices Tinnitus and Noise Induced Hearing Loss can be prevented with the use of appropriate Hearing Protection Devices (HPD’s). These devices provide a barrier between the ear and the noise. Some ear defenders work on the principle of absorbing the sound waves before they reach the ear. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

64. WT4603 Selecting Hearing Protection Ensure a “CE” Marking is present. Every person is different. – Some find different things more comfortable than others. In processes where hands become dirty, inserting and removing earplugs can lead to dirt and bacteria being introduced into the ear canal causing ear infections. Provide and encourage the use of a variety of hearing PPE and let people select most comfortable for themselves. If PPE is uncomfortable or irritating, It will not be used!! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

65. WT4603 Noise Reduction Ratings Earplugs and earmuffs come rated with “Noise Reduction Ratings” (NRR’s). This rating tells the user what level of sound protection they can expect from the device in a noisy environment. The NRR of hearing protection devices should be consulted when selecting them for use. However, NRR’s are developed under controlled laboratory conditions and the “real-life” NRR rating is usually lower. Therefore it is always best to error on the side of caution and select the PPE with a higher NRR than is required. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

66. WT4603 Hearing P.P.E. If the noise cannot be reduced to suitable levels at the source, hearing PPE must be used to achieve this. Many types of hearing protection devices are available each carrying with them various advantages and disadvantages. Popular types of hearing protection devices are: 1 Earplugs 2 Earmuffs Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

67. WT4603 When to Wear Hearing Protection. You should consider wearing Hearing Protection if; You work in an environment where you are exposed to continuous decibel levels of 80dB or greater over an 8 hour period. You are unusually fatigued after being in a noisy area. You experience ringing in your ears after being in a noisy area. You feel nervous or anxious after being in a noisy area. In order to be fully effective, hearing protection devices must be worn at all times in noisy environments. Removing for even a short period of time can decrease their effects substantially. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

68. WT4603 Earplugs An earplug is a protective device which is inserted into the ear canal to protect the inner ear from being exposed to excessive levels of noise or the intrusion of foreign bodies or excessive wind. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

69. WT4603 Earplugs Most earplugs are cylindrical in shape and are made from memory foam. The earplug is rolled into a tightly compressed cylinder between the fingers and inserted into the ear canal. When released, the earplug expands to its original size, sealing the ear canal and preventing sound vibrations from reaching the eardrum. Other earplugs are custom made with moulds from the user’s ear to provide a more snug and noise resistant fit. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

70. WT4603 Advantages & Disadvantages of Earplugs ADVANTAGES Inexpensive Small & Lightweight Comfortable in warm, humid environments. Easily used with other equipment. DISADVANTAGES May work themselves loose and require adjustment or refitting. Frequently become soiled. Require specific fitting instructions. Awkward to remove and replace when noise is inconsistent. Easily Misplaced. May irritate the ear canal. Difficult to monitor the use of. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

71. WT4603 Earmuffs Earmuffs are objects which are designed to cover the ears for protection. Earmuffs come in two different kinds; Thermal Earmuffs Worn in cold environments to keep the ears warm. Acoustic Earmuffs Also known as ear defenders. Cups lined with sound-absorbent material which fit over the ears. Protect the ears from excessive noise levels. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

72. WT4603 Advantages & Disadvantages of Earmuffs ADVANTAGES: Easy to supervise the wearing of. More comfortable for long periods of use. One size fits all. Quickly put on & removed. May be worn with minor ear infections. DISADVANTAGES May fit loosely on the head. Uncomfortable in a warm environment. Difficult to use with some other equipment. Less portable and convenient. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

73. WT4603 Wearing Earmuffs Earmuffs must fit fully over the outside of the ears. Their effectiveness is determined by the quality of the seal around the ear. Ensure hair, hats, glasses, jewellery, etc. does not interfere with the seal around the ear. A combination of earplugs and earmuffs should be used as an extra precaution if glasses, earrings, facial hair, etc, prevents the earmuffs forming a good seal around your ears. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

74. WT4603 Hearing Protection Overkill Wearing excessive levels of hearing protection can also be hazardous!!! Employees may not be able to hear vital warning alarms such as fire alarms. It also promotes users removing ear protection to talk. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

75. WT4603 Caring for hearing protection devices - Earplugs When not using earplugs, they should be stored in a clean, cool and dry place. If Foam earplugs become soiled, they should be discarded and replaced with a clean pair. Soiled PVC earplugs can often be cleaned with soap and water. Replace PVC earplugs if they become torn or brittle. Check manufacturer’s instructions regarding washing earplugs. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

76. WT4603 Caring for hearing protection devices - Earmuffs Always follow manufacturers instructions. Check headband regularly for wear and tear-replace or repair immediately if needs be. Ensure tension in headband is not reduced. Store earmuffs in a clean, cool and dry place when not in use. Always replace when a snug fit in or around ear is not achieved. Wash earmuffs with a mild liquid detergent. Do not wet sound-attenuating material within the ear muffs. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

77. WT4603 Hand Protection Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

78. WT4603 Hand Protection Look at your hands! They are the only two you will ever have. SO MIND THEM! Without the use of your fingers or hands, your ability to work or lead a normal life would be dramatically reduced. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

79. WT4603 Possible Hazards Cuts and Abrasions. Crushing. Extremes of temperatures. Contact with toxic or corrosive substances. Skin Irritation & Dermatitis. Electric shock. Absorption of chemicals. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

80. WT4603 Dermal Hazard Categories Skin on the hands may come into contact with a lot of unknown materials and substances from day to day. Chemical Irritants. Corrosives. Carcinogens. Physical Fire. Radiation. Vibration. Biological Human, animal or environmental pathogens (Hepatitis, AIDS, etc) NOTE: poisons and toxins can be absorbed through the skin in the hands and into the body. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

81. WT4603 Possible Hazard: Traumatic injury Sharp tools and machines may cut your hands. Staples, wire, nails chisels etc. can puncture your hands. Hands may become caught in machinery causing them to become sprained, crushed or amputated. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

82. WT4603 Selection of Gloves The correct glove must be selected in order to achieve an adequate level of protection. The following should be considered: Chemical Resistance. Cut/Tear Resistance. Manual Dexterity/Flexibility. Extremes of Temperature. Cost Fit. Comfort. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

83. WT4603 Types of Gloves Metal mesh & Kevlar gloves protect against cuts and sharp objects. Leather gloves offer protection against rough objects, chips, sparks and low moderate heat. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

84. WT4603 Types of Gloves Cotton fabric gloves protect the hands from dirt, abrasions and splinters. Cotton gloves also improve grip when handling slippery objects. Offers very little protection against cuts. Rubber & Vinyl gloves protect the wearer’s hands from dirt, chemicals and environmental pathogens. Wear around blood Should always check packaging and manufacturer’s instructions. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

85. WT4603 Use of gloves When wearing gloves; Remove any rings, watches or bracelets that may damage the gloves or reduce their ability to do their job. Inspect gloves for holes and cracks that might leak. Replace gloves that are torn or worn out. After working with chemicals, leave gloves on hands and wash under running water to remove any chemicals before you remove gloves from your hands. Store gloves in a clean, cool, dry and well ventilated area. NEVER wear gloves around powered rotating equipment such as drills or lathes etc…(May become tangled) Always follow manufacturer’s instructions. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

86. WT4603 Welding PPE While working with heat processes such as welding additional protection will be necessary. Infrared radiation produced during welding is a cause of retinal burning and cataracts. To protect against this, a proper welding helmet should be worn which incorporates the correct grade of filter plate. To protect the body from welding spatter and arc flash, the following protective clothing may be utilised: Flame-proof apron. Gloves. Long sleeves. Fire resistant capes for overhead work. Appropriate footwear Keep clothes free of grease and oil. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

87. WT4603 LAB COAT A lab coat is a knee-length overcoat worn by those involved in significant work to protect their street clothes. The garment is usually made from cotton or linen and is usually white in colour. known not to react with any chemicals. No loose elements. Hygienic. Lab coats are much easier to take off than regular street clothes if they get splashed with chemicals, catch fire or become entangled in machinery. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

88. WT4603 Encouraging use of PPE Students should benefit from good example. Teacher should wear PPE whenever appropriate. Signage. Highlight importance of PPE using strategically placed safety signs. Teach safety as part of working, not just an add-on. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

89. WT4603 Encouraging use of PPE The use of suitable signage should be employed to help encourage safe practices and the appropriate use of PPE. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

91. You will label both pieces B1 and B2, respectively.B1 Table Top 145 1020 Back/Side Rails & Drawer Front B2 145 1020 Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

93. The process for B1 will involve the following:

94. Surface plane/thickness to 140 x 22

95. Rip B1 @ 67mm (x2)

96. Thickness to 65mm (x2)

97. Cross cut to 500mm (x4)Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

99. The process for B2 will involve the following:

100. Surface plane/thickness to 140 x 20

101. Rip B2 @ 132mm (x1)

102. Thickness to 130mm (x1)

103. Cross cut 1 = Side Rails @ 158mm (x2)

104. Cross cut 2 = Drawer Front @ 272mm (x1)

105. Cross cut 3 = Back Rail @ 312mm (x1)Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

106. WT4603 Processing Sequence: Surface plane face side/face edge for B1 & B2 Thickness 1 = B1 Table Top to 140 x 22 Thickness 2 = B2 Side/Back rails/Drawer Front to 140 x 20 Rip 1 = B1 Table Top @ 67mm (x2) Thickness 3 = B1 Table Top to 65mm (x2) Rip 2 = B2 Side/Back rails/Drawer Front @ 132mm (x1) Thickness 4 = B2 Side/Back rails/Drawer Front to 130mm (x1) Cross cut 1 = B1 Table Top @ 500mm (x4) Cross cut 2 = B2 Side Rails @ 158mm (x2) Cross cut 3 = B2 Drawer Front @ 272mm (x1) Cross cut 4 = B2 Back Rail @ 312mm (x1) Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

107. WT4603 Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

108. WT4603 Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

109. WT4603 Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

110. WT4603 Working Drawings Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

111. WT4603 Select & Position Dimensions Correctly Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

112. WT4603 Arrows & Dimension Lines Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

113. WT4603 Consider best location and view Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

114. WT4603 Include all details Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

115. WT4603 Include Component labelling Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

116. WT4603 Exploded View or Assembled View??? Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

117. WT4603 Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

118. WT4603 ROUTER PULLS TO THE LEFT FENCE PULLED TOWARDS WORKPIECE FEED DIRECTION Router Station 1 Carry out the following operations: Isolate the router. Select V- groove cutting bit. Fit the bit in the router securely. Set the depth of the cut to 3mm. Machine the profile shown on the drawing using the guide fence. (Note: Guide fence is set. Do not adjust.) Isolate the router. Remove the cutter from the router. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

119. WT4603 Router Station 2 Carry out the following operations: Isolate the router. Select the bearing guided chamfer bit. Fit the bit in the router securely. Set the depth of the chamfer to half the thickness of the material provided. Machine the chamfer profile on the outer edges of the material. Isolate the router. Remove the cutter from the router Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

120. WT4603 Router Station 3 Carry out the following operations: Isolate the router. Select Ø 6mm cutting bit. Fit the bit in the router securely. Set the depth of the cut to 5mm. Set the depth turret to machine to a depth of 10mm on the second pass. Fit the guide fence to the router. Set the guide fence to the dimension shown on the drawing. Machine the profile shown on the drawing using the guide fence. Isolate the router. Remove the guide fence and Ø 6mm cutting bit from the router. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

121. WT4603 Router Station 4 Carry out the following operations: Isolate the router. Select Ø 12mm cutting bit cutting bit. Fit the bit in the router securely. Fix the template guide to the base of the router. Set material in the template. Set the depth of the cut to 5mm. Set the depth turret to machine to a depth of 10mm on the second pass. Machine the profiles of the template using the template guide. Isolate the router. Remove the template guide and Ø 12mm cutting bit from the router. Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

123. All graphics must be sketched

124. Can be done entirely by hand or sketches can be scanned and the poster electronically edited/formatted.

125. Main sketch located in centre

126. Render/shade neatly

127. Background colour (electronic only – optional)

128. Supporting sketches of good proportion and size

129. Annotations/Information must be clearly readable from a distance of 5 metres.

130. Information must be labelled and have a logical sequence i.e. clockwise pattern

131. Text can be typed/printed, in the case of printing text (by hand) ensure it is of the highest standard.Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

132. WT4603 What makes a good poster? Poster Information: A2/A3 in size - Laminated Name of Machine Purpose of Machine Machine Provision CE Marking Information panel Safety signage Machine Components Health & Safety Features Information Sheet: A4 in size (Laminated) Can be attached to the machine Index of poster information Should further describe components labelled on main poster Activity Sheet: A4 in size Must check appropriate PPE for machine Criteria/areas to be investigated by operant before use. Pre-Work Phase: Machine set up – dependent on nature of work and material Work Phase: General procedure to follow when processing material Post-Work Phase: Isolation Cleanliness Re-positioning of components (safety) to standard position ETC… Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering

133. WT4603 SEE YOU ALL NEXT WEEK!!! Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering