1. By,
Xavier Prathap.W
I BSc, MPC.
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2. LASER
LASER is an acronym for ,
Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation
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3. History of LASER
 In 1917, Albert Einstein first theorized the
possibility of Lasers.
 The first working laser was created by
Theodore Maiman on May 16th, 1960 at the
Hughes Research Laboratory in California.
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4. Spontaneous Emission
 Excited atoms normally drop to Lower
Energy Level Spontaneously
 Photons are uncorrelated and unidentical
 Incoherent light
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5. Stimulated Emission
 Excited atoms
are forced to
emit by another
matching
photon
 Photons are
correlated and
identical
 Coherent light
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6. Principle of Laser
 Population Inversion.
The phenomenon of exciting the atoms, so
that, there are more number of atoms in the
Higher Energy Level than in the Lower
Energy Level
 Optical Pumping
The method of achieving Population
Inversion is known as Pumping. And, one
of the types of pumping in known as
Optical Pumping. 6

7. Lasing Action Diagram
Excited State
Spontaneous
Energy
Emission
Metastable State
Optical
Pumping Stimulated
Emission of
Radiation
Ground State
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8. Ruby Laser
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9. Properties of Laser
 Laser light is highly monochromatic.
 Laser light is extremely directional.
 Laser light is spatially coherent.
 Laser light is extremely intense and bright.
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10. Applications of Lasers
Laser are used,
In optical communication.
In guiding missiles to desired destinations.
To scan information on bar codes.
To make holograms.
In making Integrated Circuits.
In CD players
In surgery.
In industries to cut and weld strong metals.
To measure distances very accurately.
To store and view 3D informations. 10

11. THANK YOU
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