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河流健康导则介绍



  汇报人:渠晓东


 中国环境科学研究院 CRAES
Lecture schedule

The stone for the guideline

河流健康评估导则的理论基础;



The stream health assessment guideline aspects

河流健康评估导则的主要内容
河流健康评估的理论
健康的河流应该不是这个样子:




     辽宁-鞍山,辽阳
也应该不是这个样子:




    辽宁-鞍山,辽阳
健康的河流应该是
The river health

  用 “健康”一词来反映河流的状况,是一个很形象的比喻,
   容易被公众接收和认识,并能得到广泛的关注
   (Boulton, 1999)。

  对河流来讲,健康-即“保持好的状态”,其来源于人的
   健康,但与人的健康概念并不相同(Karr 1999)。

  What is river health?
  “维持水体的物理、化学和生物的完整性-具有自身的
   组织(self-organization),具有生产力(productive)
   和抗性(resilient) (Karr and Chu, 1999)。
河流健康评估导则的主要内容
社会服务功能是其内在的属性
Technical Regulation for Assessment of River
Health



  1) 物理评估-水文和生境;

  2) 化学评估;


  3) 水生生物评估;


  4) 重要问题的考虑;
New developed methods
and indicator

It concerns the main
environmental flow
needs for the main
aquatic biota
It is easily and simply to
use
It only needs monthly
data
It could be applied
widely
Chris Gipple 先生的贡献
1) 长期的干扰历史;

2) 参照条件的缺乏;

3) 三大类型: 河岸与底质干扰;河流纵向、横向扰动---易
判断的、易使用和稳定的因子;




4) 为何某些因子未得到应用:
For example-生境的负责性和异质性,指标几乎没有评价的
准则,不同的观测者有时会得出不同的结论;河岸带的稳
定性,针对某些河流来讲,不稳定的河岸带对生态系统往
往是有益,而非有害的。
Technical Regulation for Assessment of River
Health



  1) 物理评估-水文和生境;

  2) 化学评估;


  3) 水生生物评估;


  4) 重要问题的考虑;
water quality




1) 以中国国家地表水水质标准作为基本的参照标准-最低标准
2) 如果需要,可以依据本地生物对水质的需求,提高水质维
持的标准;
3) 改变标准,必须有严格的标准和依据;
4) The next step, it is important to select part of
parameters as the “must measured” indicators for the
Water quality and
nutrient
Technical Regulation for Assessment of River
Health



  1) 物理评估-水文和生境;

  2) 化学评估;


  3) 水生生物评估;


  4) 重要问题的考虑;
Biological indicators




国内鱼类数据的缺乏---并非研究的缺乏,数据无法实现共享

推荐的因子,应该已经被广泛的使用,被河流研究人员熟悉,计算迅速易操作,
具有已经建立的参照条件;
推荐的2种因子---
SIGNAL 2 (OCP) 指数-基于目一级的分类

Stream Invertebrate Grade Number - Average Level, Version 2,
Order – Class – Phylum)

此版本更适用于广泛的监测,检测人员不需要特别强的专业知
识,利于推广

其反应的是河流中主要大型底栖动物类群的耐污特性-评价值越
高,说明敏感物种越多,河流受到的影响越小;
推荐的2种因子---
SIGNAL 2 (OCP) 指数-同样基于目一级的分
类

Stream Invertebrate Grade Number - Average Level, Version 2,
Order – Class – Phylum)

此版本更适用于广泛的监测,检测人员不需要特别强的专业知
识,利于推广

其反应的是河流中主要大型底栖动物类群的耐污特性-评价值越
高,说明敏感物种越多,河流受到的影响越小;


通过取权重的模式,减小了偶见种出现对评价的影响;
Technical Regulation for Assessment of River
Health



  1) 物理评估-水文和生境;

  2) 化学评估;


  3) 水生生物评估;


  4) 重要问题的考虑;
Key lessons
1) 评价因子应该简易---已被广泛应用的,利用推广;

2) 生物因子参照标准---已经建立的标准,评价具有一致性;

3) 生物完整性评价不建议使用;

4) 在全国范围内开展评估,因子应当具有一致性,评价的
参照体系也需要具有一致性,评价结果才有可能进行比较;
compare apple with apple

河流健康导则,已经可以在网站上下载,中文
版将很快完成
谢谢!敬请指正

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