CSE509 Lecture 5
•Descargar como PPTX, PDF•
1 recomendación•424 vistas
Lecture 5 of CSE509:Web Science and Technology Summer Course
Recomendados
Recomendados
Más contenido relacionado
La actualidad más candente
La actualidad más candente (20)
Similar a CSE509 Lecture 5
Similar a CSE509 Lecture 5 (20)
Más de Web Science Research Group at Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan
Más de Web Science Research Group at Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan (8)
Último
Último (20)
CSE509 Lecture 5
- 1. CSE509: Introduction to Web Science and Technology Lecture 5: Social Network Analysis ArjumandYounus Web Science Research Group Institute of Business Administration (IBA)
- 2. Last Time… Web Data Explosion Part I MapReduce Basics MapReduce Example and Details MapReduce Case-Study: Web Crawler based on MapReduce Architecture Part II Large-Scale File Systems Google File System Case-Study August 06, 2011
- 3. Today Transition from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 Social Media Characteristics Part I: Theoretical Aspects Social Networks as a Graph Properties of Social Networks Part II: Getting Hands-On Experience on Social Media Analytics Twitter Data Hacks Part III: Example Researches August 06, 2011
- 4. Quick Survey Do you have a Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, or LinkedIn account? Do you own a blog? Do you read blogs? Have you ever searched for something on Wikipedia? Have you ever submitted content to a social network? August 06, 2011
- 5. Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0 August 06, 2011 Borrowed from SIGKDD 2008 tutorial slides of Professor Huan Liu and Professor Nitin Agarwal with permission
- 6. What is so Different about Web 2.0? User Generated Content Collaborative Environment: Participatory Web, Citizen Journalism User is the Driving Factor August 06, 2011 A Paradigm Shift rather than a Technology Shift
- 7. Top 20 Most Visited Web Sites Internet traffic report by Alexa on July 29th 2008 August 06, 2011 Borrowed from SIGKDD 2008 tutorial slides of Professor Huan Liu and Professor Nitin Agarwal with permission
- 8. Various forms of Social Media Blog: Wordpress, blogspot, LiveJournal Forum: Yahoo! Answers, Epinions Media Sharing: Flickr, YouTube, Scribd Microblogging: Twitter, FourSquare Social Networking: Facebook, LinkedIn, Orkut Social Bookmarking: Del.icio.us, Diigo Wikis: Wikipedia, scholarpedia, AskDrWiki August 06, 2011
- 9. Characteristics of Social Media “Consumers” become “Producers” Rich User Interaction User-Generated Contents Collaborative environment Collective Wisdom Long Tail Broadcast Media Filter, then Publish Social Media Publish, then Filter August 06, 2011
- 10. August 06, 2011
- 11. PART I: Theoretical Aspects August 06, 2011
- 14. Scale-Free Distributions Degree distribution in large-scale networks often follows a power law. A.k.a. long tail distribution, scale-free distribution August 06, 2011 Degrees Nodes
- 15. Small-World Effect “Six Degrees of Separation” A famous experiment conducted by Travers and Milgram (1969) Subjects were asked to send a chain letter to his acquaintance in order to reach a target person The average path length is around 5.5 Verified on a planetary-scale IM network of 180 million users (Leskovec and Horvitz 2008) The average path length is 6.6 August 06, 2011
- 16. Small World Facebook Experiment by Yahoo! Labs Anyone in the world can get a message to anyone else in just "six degrees of separation" by passing it from friend to friend. Sociologists have tried to prove (or disprove) this claim for decades, but it is still unresolved. http://smallworld.sandbox.yahoo.com/ August 06, 2011
- 17. Community Structure Community: People in a group interact with each other more frequently than those outside the group ki = number of edges among node Ni’s neighbors Friends of a friend are likely to be friends as well Measured by clustering coefficient: Density of connections among one’s friends August 06, 2011
- 19. k6=4 as e(4,5), e(5,7), e(5,8), e(7,8)
- 20. C6 = 4/(4*3/2) = 2/3
- 23. Social Computing Tasks Social Computing: a young and vibrant field Conferences: KDD, WSDM, WWW, ICML, AAAI/IJCAI, SocialCom, etc. Tasks Centrality Analysis and Influence Modeling Community Detection Classification and Recommendation Privacy, Spam and Security August 06, 2011
- 24. Centrality Analysis and Influence Modeling Centrality Analysis: Identify the most important actors or edges E.g. PageRank in Google Various other criteria Influence modeling: How is information diffused? How does one influence each other? Related Problems Viral marketing: word-of-mouth effect Influence maximization August 06, 2011
- 25. Community Detection A community is a set of nodes between which the interactions are (relatively) frequent A.k.a., group, cluster, cohesive subgroups, modules Applications: Recommendation based communities, Network Compression, Visualization of a huge network New lines of research in social media Community Detection in Heterogeneous Networks Community Evolution in Dynamic Networks Scalable Community Detection in Large-Scale Networks August 06, 2011
- 26. Classification and Recommendation Common in social media applications Tag suggestion, Product/Friend/Group Recommendation August 06, 2011 Link prediction Network-Based Classification
- 27. Privacy, Spam and Security Privacy is a big concern in social media Facebook, Google buzz often appear in debates about privacy NetFlix Prize Sequel cancelled due to privacy concern Simple anonymization does not necessarily protect privacy Spam blog (splog), spam comments, fake identity, etc., all requires new techniques As private information is involved, a secure and trustable system is critical Need to achieve a balance between sharing and privacy August 06, 2011
- 28. PART II: Practical SNA with Twittersphere Mining August 06, 2011
- 29. Pre-Requisites Expectation that Python is installed and you have some hands-on experience with it Dependencies easy_install networkx twitter (Twitter API for Python) For Windows users Install ActivePython: comes bundled with easy_install easy_installnetworkx easy_install twitter For Linux users sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg sudoeasy_installnetworkx sudoeasy_install twitter August 06, 2011
- 30. Getting Tweets from Twitter Search API import twitter import json twitter_search=twitter.Twitter(domain="search.twitter.com") search_results=[] for page in range(1,6): search_results.append(twitter_search.search(q="pakistan",rpp=100,page=page)) print json.dumps(search_results, sort_keys=True, indent=1) tweets=[r['text'] for result in search_results for r in result['results']] print tweets August 06, 2011
- 31. Lexical Diversity for Tweets words=[] for t in tweets: words+= [w for w in t.split()] lexical_diversity=1.0*len(set(words))/len(words) August 06, 2011
- 32. What People are Tweeting: Frequency Analysis freq_dist=nltk.FreqDist(words) freq_dist.keys()[:50] freq_dist.keys()[-50:] August 06, 2011
- 33. Extracting Relationships from Tweets (1/3) Step 1: Extracting Graph Data import networkx as nx import re g=nx.DiGraph() twitter_search=twitter.Twitter(domain="search.twitter.com") search_results=[] for page in range(1,6): search_results.append(twitter_search.search(q="pakistan",rpp=100,page=page)) all_tweets=[tweet for page in search_results for tweet in page["results"]] def get_rt_sources(tweet): rt_patterns=re.compile(r"(RT|via)((?:*@+)+)",re.IGNORECASE) return [source.strip() for tuple in rt_patterns.findall(tweet) for source in tuple if source not in ("RT", "via")] for tweet in all_tweets: rt_sources=get_rt_sources(tweet["text"]) if not rt_sources: continue for rt_source in rt_sources: g.add_edge(rt_source,tweet["from_user"],{"tweet_id":tweet["id"]}) August 06, 2011
- 34. Extracting Relationships from Tweets (2/3) Step 2: Generating DOT File OUT = "pakistan_search_results.dot“ dot=['"%s" -> "%s" [tweet_id=%s]' % (n1.encode('utf-8'), n2.encode('utf-8'), g[n1][n2]['tweet_id']) for n1, n2 in g.edges()] f=open(OUT, 'w') f.write('strict digraph {%s}' % (';'.join(dot),)) f.close() August 06, 2011
- 35. Extracting Relationships from Tweets (3/3) Step 3: Visualizing the Retweet Data in Graphical Form For Windows users For Linux users circo -Tpng -Osnl_search_results pakistan_search_results.dot August 06, 2011
- 36. PART III: Example Researches August 06, 2011
- 37. Million Follower Fallacy (New York Times) August 06, 2011
- 38. Twitter: More a News Medium than a Social Network (PC World) August 06, 2011
- 39. Twitter for World Peace (Business Week) August 06, 2011
- 40. SocialFlow: Social Media Optimization Social Media Optimization Platform Works in Domains of Viral and Word-of-Mouth Marketing Provides Services to Major Media Outlets Recent study How different audiences consumed and rebroadcast messages news organizations were sending out: AlJazeera English, BBC News, CNN, The Economist, Fox News and New York Times August 06, 2011
- 41. August 06, 2011 Twitter as a Real-Time News Analysis Service
- 42. Studying Ins and Outs of News Using Twitter to study hot news items people are heavily tweeting about August 06, 2011
- 43. Algorithm for Identification of Popular News August 06, 2011
- 44. Application Prototype August 06, 2011
- 45. Observations (1/3) August 06, 2011 Percentage of news in tweets per day greater than 50% for all days except one day
- 46. Observations (2/3) August 06, 2011 Highest Number of Recorded Tweets per Day
- 47. Observations (3/3) August 06, 2011
Notas del editor
- The past decade has witnessed the emergence of participatory Web and social media, bringing peopletogether in many creative ways. Millions of users are playing, tagging, working, and socializingonline, demonstrating new forms of collaboration, communication, and intelligence that were hardlyimaginable just a short time ago. Social media also helps reshape business models, sway opinions andemotions, and opens up numerous possibilities to study human interaction and collective behavior inan unparalleled scale. This lecture, from a data mining perspective, introduces characteristics of socialmedia, reviews representative tasks of computing with social media, and illustrates associated challenges.
- In traditional media such as TV, radio, movies, and newspapers, it is only a small numberof “authorities” or “experts” who decide which information should be produced and how it is distributed.The majority of users are consumers who are separated from the production process. Thecommunication pattern in the traditional media is one-way traffic, from a centralized producer towidespread consumers.This new type of mass publication enables the production of timely news and grassrootsinformation and leads to mountains of user-generated contents, forming the wisdom of crowds
- Twitter: a directed graphFacebook: an undirected graphIn Twitter, for example, one user x follows another user y, but user y does not necessarily follow user x. In this case, the follower-followee network is directed and asymmetrical
- a linear relationship between the logarithms of the variables
- the number of connections between one’s friends over the total number of possible connections among them
- Previously: email communication networks, instant messaging networks, mobile call networks, friendshipNetworks. Other forms of complex networks, like coauthorship or citation networks, biological networks, metabolic pathways, genetic regulatory networks and food webThese large-scale networks combined with unique characteristics of social media present novelchallenges for mining social media.In reality, multiple relationships can exist between individuals. Two personscan be friends and colleagues at the same time. Thus, a variety of interactions exist betweenthe same set of actors in a network. Multiple types of entities can also be involved in onenetwork. For many social bookmarking and media sharing sites, users, tags and content areintertwined with each other, leading to heterogeneous entities in one network. Analysis ofthese heterogeneous networks involving heterogeneous entities or interactions requires newtheories and tools.Social media emphasizes timeliness. For example, in content sharing sites andblogosphere, people quickly lose their interest in most shared contents and blog posts. Thisdiffers fromclassical web mining.Newusers join in,newconnections establish between existingmembers, and senior users become dormant or simply leave.How can we capture the dynamicsof individuals in networks? Can we find the die-hard members that are the backbone ofcommunities? Can they determine the rise and fall of their communities?In social media, people tend to share their connections. The wisdomof crowds, in forms of tags, comments, reviews, and ratings, is often accessible. The metainformation, in conjunction with user interactions, might be useful for many applications.It remains a challenge to effectively employ social connectivity information and collectiveintelligence to build social computing applications.A research barrier concerning mining social media is evaluation. In traditionaldata mining, we are so used to the training-testing model of evaluation. It differs in socialmedia. Since many social media sites are required to protect user privacy information, limitedbenchmark data is available. Another frequently encountered problem is the lack of groundtruth for many social computing tasks, which further hinders some comparative study ofdifferent works.Without ground truth, how can we conduct fair comparison and evaluation?Slide 7-11