The Public Health Benefits of Climate Solutions and Clean Energy
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This document discusses the public health impacts of climate change and clean energy solutions. It summarizes research showing links between air pollution, transportation infrastructure, food systems and climate change; and the resulting increases in heart and lung diseases, diabetes, obesity and cancer. Transitioning to clean energy and implementing policies like the Clean Power Plan could significantly improve health outcomes and save lives by reducing air pollution and promoting active transportation and healthier diets. The document argues that addressing climate change through these solutions would have large economic and public health benefits.
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The Public Health Benefits of Climate Solutions and Clean Energy
- 1. HEALTHY PEOPLE = HEALTHY PLANET The Public Health Benefits of Climate Solutions
- 3. Impacts on N. America WILDFIRES INCREASED HEAT HEAVY RAIN, STORMS, FLOODS
- 4. IPCC: Only one safe course of action
- 5. Sam Moody Atlanta, GA
- 6. We Over Me Farm Houston, TX
- 7. CARMAGEDDON! Los Angeles, CA 405 Freeway Ultrafine Particulates down 83 % PM2.5 down 36 percent ER Visits UCLA down 23% ER Visits Mt Sinai down 13% 911 calls decreased 12%
- 8. Jeffery Thompson MD Gundersen Lutheran Health System LaCrosse, WI
- 9. $1 MILLION ANNUAL SAVINGS from improved EFFICIENCY
- 10. Powered by 100% Clean Energy
- 12. TOP 5 CAUSES OF DEATH IN US Heart Disease (diabetes) Cancer Chronic Lung Disease Stroke Unintentional Injury (mva)
- 13. TOP 10 CAUSES OF THE CAUSES of death in developed countries 1) tobacco 2) high blood pressure 3) overweight and obesity 4) physical inactivity 5) high blood glucose 6) high cholesterol 7) low fruit and vegetable intake 8) urban outdoor air pollution 9) alcohol 10) occupational WHO 2009
- 14. CAUSES OF THE CAUSES OF THE CAUSES Air pollution Car centric built environment Industrial agriculture and food system
- 16. EPA Ozone Nonattainment Areas
- 17. September in Central Texas: 1 out of 6 days with unhealthy air
- 18. AIR POLLUTION AND CHILDHOOD ASTHMA Playing multiple outdoor sports in areas with poor air quality triples the risk of developing childhood asthma (McConnell, 2002) Childhood asthma incidence increased 16% per 10ug/m3 of fine particulate exposure, and 7% per 10ug/m3 of Nox. (Anderson, 2013) A 5-ppb increase in average NO2 during the first year of life was associated with an odds ratio of 1.17 for physician-diagnosed asthma. (Nishimura, 2013)
- 19. AIR POLLUTION AND CVD CHRONIC EXPOSURE Rate of carotid intimal thickening is doubled in people who live within 100 m of busy roadway (Kinsli, 2010) ACUTE EXPOSURE Each 10ug/m3 PM2.5 4.5% increase in acute cardiac events 8-18% increase in CVD mortality (Pope, 2004, 2006, 2008)
- 20. AIR POLLUTION AND DIABETES 10ug/m3 PM2.5 = 1% increase in prevalence DM2 (Pearson, 2010) Exposure to traffic and PM increased risk of new onset DM2 15-42% (Kramer, 2010) Highest quartile maternal exposure to NOx increased gestational DM 70% (Malmqvist, 2013) 2SD increase in childhood exposure NO2/ PM2.5 = 18% increase in insulin resistance. (Thiering, 2013)
- 21. Prenatal PAH Exposure and Childhood Obesity Rrundle et al Am J Epidemiol. Jun 1, 2012; 175(11)- 1163–1172..
- 22. AIR POLLUTION AND CHILD OBESITY Prenatal exposure to higher levels of PAH doubled risk of obesity at age 7 (Rundle, 2012) Residential proximity to traffic in childhood (controlling for other risk factors) associated with higher BMI at age 18 (Kramer, 2010) Kids in 90th percentile for traffic related air pollution have more rapid increase in BMI (Jerrett, 2014)
- 23. AIR POLLUTION CARB O N P O L L U TION
- 24. CO2 and Noxious Plants RAGWEED POISON IVY Ziska, Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2000. 27: 893− 898.
- 25. CO2, MOLD and Asthma For each 10 U increase in home Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) in infancy, risk of incident asthma by age 7 increased 80% (Reponen, 2011)
- 26. Nox + VOCs + heat = Ozone
- 28. Climate-Related Ozone will Increase NY Pediatric ED Asthma Visits 5-10% by 2020 Sheffield PE, SeAm J Prev Med.p;41(3):251-7
- 29. PREMATURE DEATHS FROM OZONE will triple by 2030
- 30. Valley Fever Endemic Area
- 31. VALLEY FEVER Tenfold increase in incidence of Cocciciodomycosis Brown, Clin Epidemiol. 2013; 5(1) 185-197 Lubbock, TX
- 32. WARMING & WILDFIRE SMOKE
- 33. Wildfire Contribution to Ground Level Ozone Northwest Fire Season 2012 Jaffe et al | Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 11065−11072
- 34. A Kenward et al 2013 LOS ANGELES PM 2.5 2003
- 35. DIOXINS, PAH and Wildfires Smoke from Idaho Fires 2013
- 36. Clean energy
- 37. US WIND POWER POTENTIAL
- 38. US SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL
- 39. 100% CLEAN BY 2050 thesolutionsproject.org
- 41. Total life cycle emissions Clean vs Fossil Fuel
- 42. Intermittency not a problem up to 80%
- 43. Percent renewable generation achieved with conventional technology
- 44. POLICIES for CLEAN AIR Shift subsidies from fossil fuel to clean energy Strong National Renewable Electricity Standard 50% of electricity by 2030, 100% by 2050 Net metering (utilities pay for surplus power)
- 45. LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD STOP EXTERNALIZING HEALTH AND CLIMATE COST OF CARBON
- 47. PROGRESSIVE EFFICIENCY STANDARDS for New and Remodeled Buildings www.architecture2030.org
- 49. POLICIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY Stronger fuel economy standards National Energy Building Code National Retrofit Financing
- 50. Decrease in O3 and PM 2.5 with 3 Climate Policy Options Clean Electricity Std Transportation Carbon Tax T Thompson, Nature Climate Change (July 2014)
- 51. 20,000 Heart Attacks PREVENTED 23,000-50,000 Deaths each year SAVED: OVER 100 BILLION DOLLARS PER YEAR EPA 2013
- 52. Carbon Abatement Cost Curve
- 53. CLEAN ENERGY=CLEAN AIR =HEALTH SAVINGS T. Thompson, Nature Climate Change 4, 917–923 (2014)
- 54. Value of decreased mortality from air quality improvement exceeds cost of emissions reduction HIGH VALUE LOW VALUE ABATEMENT COST / TON CO2 West et al, Nature Climate Change 3: 885-889 2013
- 55. EPA Carbon Rules Impact on Air Quality: 2020 OZONE FINE PARTICULATES
- 56. Distribution of Lives saved by EPA Carbon Rule in 2020
- 57. CAR CENTRIC BUILT ENVIRONMENT
- 59. From Interurban to Automobile
- 60. NEIGHBORHOODS
- 61. HEART DISEASE,OBESITY, DIABETES; COLON CANCER ONE THIRD PROSTATE CANCER, AND RECURRENT BREAST CANCER ATTRIBUTABLE TO PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
- 62. WALKABILITY, OBESITY, AND DIABETES TEN YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY Ontario Least walkable neighborhoods DM +6% Obesity/Overweight +13% Most walkable neighborhoods DM -7% Obesity/Overweight - 9% (Booth, 2014, presented at ADA)
- 63. WALKABILITY DM, OBESITY, AND CVD Sprawl and disconnected street networks are associated with increased rates of obesity, diabetes, and CVD. (Marshall, 2014) Residents of “walkable” metro areas walk more & use more public transit, have lower BMI & BP, less DM, and 3 years longer life expectancy than people living with sprawl. (Ewing, 2014)
- 64. Cost of Transportation Related Health Outcomes in US $300 billion per year
- 65. WALKABILITY SCORES FOR TEXAS MAJOR CITIES Houston 44 San Antonio 34 Dallas 44 Austin 35 Ft Worth 32 El Paso 39
- 67. TRANSIT AND OBESITY Users of public transit are 45% less likely to be obese or overweight (Zheng, Y. 2008) Transit commuters walk twice as many minutes/day as car commuters, weigh an average of 6-7 lb less and have lower % body fat. (Flint, 2014) Increased use of public transit would cut the annual increase in obesity prevalence by 45%. (Edwards, 2008)
- 68. TRANSIT DECREASES MVA DEATHS Urban Traffic Fatalities/100,000 by Cities' Transit Use by Smart Growth vs Sprawl
- 69. Austin ranks 39th of 46 major metro areas in jobs available within 30 minute trip by public transit
- 70. Per Capita Health Savings from Rapid Transit and TOD Average Urban Transit High Quality Urban Rail or Rapid Bus Transit Oriented Development
- 71. US Emissions from Transportation
- 73. POLICIES FOR ACTIVE/PUBLIC TRANSIT Smarth growth, Infrastructure Investment, Coordination (Health in All Policies)
- 74. 10,000 colon cancers 215,000 heart attacks 32,000 MVA fatalities PREVENTED 570,000 new diabetes cases each year ANNUAL SAVINGS SF BAY AREA Maizlish, N. Am J Public Health. 1.4-22 BILLION DOLLARS PER YEAR 2013 Apr;103(4):703-9.
- 75. Good news: We're already on our way. Vehicle miles per capita decreasing
- 77. From family farm to agribusiness
- 79. Increased consumption of high fructose corn syrup
- 81. FOOD DESERTS
- 82. Inadequate Intake of Fruits/Vegetables
- 83. Increasing dependence on imported produce & associated outbreaks of foodborne infection http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/global-grocer/ 2013 – Cilantro from Mexico
- 85. TEXAS TRENDS OBESITY RELATED DISEASES
- 86. High Fructose Corn Syrup and Metabolic Syndrome Meta-analysis: Fructose consumption increases FBG, triglycerides, and systolic BP. (Kelishadi, 2014) Fructose sweetened beverages increase FBG and insulin levels, decrease insulin sensitivity (Stanhope, 2009) Fructose induced insulin resistance in rats is attenuated by lycopene (Yin, 2014)
- 87. Red Meat, DM, Cancer, and CVD NIH-AARP Study: 20-50% increased mortality from cancer and CVD (Sinha, 2009) Womens' Health Study: 28% more incident DM over 8 years (Song, 2004) Nurses' Health Study/ Health Professionals Followup Study: 13% increase in mortality per serving (all cause, cancer, and CVD). (Pan, 2012) Extra daily half serving of meat raised risk of DM 48% for subsequent 4 years (Pan, 2013)
- 88. OBESITY AND ASTHMA Numerous prospective studies in adults found obesity associated with increased risk of incident asthma with BMI “dose response” Weight loss, both surgical and non surgical, associated with resolution of asthma, decrease in asthma symptoms or increased FEV1 (Ford, E The Epidemiology of Obesity and Asthma J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:897-909.)
- 89. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood JUNK FOOD AND ASTHMA Nagel, Thorax. 2010 Jun;65(6):516-22.
- 90. INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE AND GLOBAL WARMING METHANE POLLUTION (70 x warming power of CO2 )
- 91. & MORE GLOBAL WARMING NITROGEN OXIDE from FERTILIZER (300 x warming power of CO2)
- 92. DROUGHT AND WATER QUALITY Public Water Systems on Restriction
- 93. Arsenic in Groundwater Arsenic concentration in wells Public water systems exceeding EPA std
- 94. Arsenic alters gene expression, promotes lung, skin, bladder cancer Cancer risk from adult As in drinking water Altered gene expression in cord blood with maternal As exposure
- 95. MATERNAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND DECREASED CHILD SURVIVAL (Rahman, 2013)
- 96. CROP MYCOTOXINS
- 97. Aflatoxin 2014 Fumonisin 2014 Texas State Chemist 2014 Hepatotoxic Nephrotoxic Teratogenic Carcinogenic Hepatotoxic Carcinogenic Immunosuppressive
- 98. Aflatoxin Biomarkers NHANES 2000 1% positive Age OR for + 12-39 1.49 40 + 1.00 Ethnicity OR Black 0.92 White 1.00 Mex American 2.71 Bexar County 2010 20% of adults positive, associated with rice and tortillas
- 99. ANNUAL INCIDENCE HCC 1995–2010 South Texas Latino US Latino Texas Latino White, non-Hispanic Ramirez AG, Munoz E, Holden AEC, Adeigbe RT, et al. (2014) Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Texas Latinos, 1995–2010: An Update. PLoS ONE 9(6): e99365. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099365
- 100. Aflatoxin Biomarkers and Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma RISK FACTORS OR for HCC Aflatoxin Biomarker Alone 7 Chronic Hepatitis B or C Alone 7-28 NAFLD alone 3-16 Aflatoxin + Chronic Hep B or C 60 Aflatoxin + NAFLD ?? 40% OF OBESE CHILDREN AND 40% OF ALL ADULTS HAVE NAFLD
- 101. HEALTHY FOOD SYSTEM LOCAL DIVERSE SUSTAINABLE HEALTHY FOOD
- 102. Mediterranean Diet
- 103. Mediterranean vs Western diet Less: GHG, H2O, energy, land MEDITERRANEAN 0 WESTERN Sáez-Almendros et al. Environmental Health 2013 12:118 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-118
- 104. Organic farming vs Conventional 30% lower GHG, higher profit, equal yields
- 105. Mediterranean Diet & Asthma, Diabetes, and Cancer PROSPECTIVE STUDIES 14% lower risk asthma (Nagel, 2010) 80% lower risk DM (Martinez-Gonzales, 2008) 24% lower risk cancer (Benetou, 2008) 31% lower CVD mortality (Sofi, 2008) 22% lower cancer mortality (Sofi, 2008)
- 106. INTERVENTION STUDIES Mediterranean Diet 60% decrease cardiac events (Ornish, 1998) 70% decrease CVD mortality (DeLogeri, 1994) 35- 48% decrease in metabolic syndrome (Esposito, 2004, Azadhbakt, 2005)
- 107. ADVISE SUBSIDIZE Fruits, Vegetables 1% Meat, Dairy 63% Nuts, Legumes 2% Sugar, Oil, Alcohol 15% Grains 20%
- 108. POLICIES FOR HEALTHY FOOD AND FARMS Subsidize fruits and vegetables Reward good stewardship Crop diversity Natural fertilizer Crop rotation Conservation set asides Donate excess food Harvest energy from waste
- 109. 300,000 Heart Attacks/Strokes PREVENTED 260,000 New Diabetes Cases 127,000 CVD Deaths each year 144,000 Cancer Deaths
- 110. WE ARE HERE Temperature increase 1.4 degrees F
- 111. AND HERE: 70% overweight or obese 34% CVD 12% diabetes 37% pre-diabetes 8% asthma 75 cents of every health dollar spent on preventable chronic disease
- 113. Sustainable agriculture Active and public transportation Efficient buildings and vehicles Clean electricity
- 115. BUSINESS AS USUAL 2030 40% Obese 40% CVD 20% Diabetic 10% Asthmatic 2050 50% Obese 50% CVD 30% Diabetic
- 116. WHAT YOU CAN DO Sign up for action alerts climate911.org VOTE CLIMATE climatehawksvote.com Tell your congresspeople: Climate policy is essential to protect public health Speak out in your community
- 117. Climate/Health Communication Workshop October 11: 5305 Turnabout Lane 10am-noon
- 118. HEALTHY PEOPLE = HEALTHY PLANET www.climate911.org
Notas del editor
- Introduce yourself and tell how you came to realize that climate change is a public health emergency. This talk is about how climate solutions solve more than climate problems. It could be titled (click) WHAT CAN CLIMATE ACTION DO FOR THE HEALTH OF TEXAS?
- WG2 report March 2014 >300 authors from 70 countries. I'm just going to show you 2 graphs from the report which sum up their findings re N America
- This graph shows how much the changing climate impacts our health . The horizontal bars are the severity of impact The hatched areas represent the degree to which we can blunt these effects by adaptation. 4 MAIN POINTS 1) climate change is already causing signif health impacts 2) We can blunt the impact somewhat with adaptation but we can't escape unscathed. 3) No matter what we do now, we are locked into near term warming until 2040 because of emissions already in the atmosphere 4) The sooner we act, the lower the longterm risks to our health
- Each line represents a possible course of action in regard to when and how much we lower GHG emissions and the T change that results. All but the green line are faded out because all but the green line will lead 2 catastrophic T increases. The green path requires global CO2 to peak by 2020, with developed countries like the US making substantial early reductions. THE BAD NEWS: we're not on that pathway. THE GOOD NEWS: If we get there, the green path is a twofer which not only addresses the cause of climate change but also the underlying causes of our chronic disease epidemic. . Let me introduce you to some people who can tell u about it in their own words.
- Meet Sam Moody a car insurance executive who gave up his car and lost 70lb in the process. Here is his story: I was sitting in line at the gas station during the “gas shortage” , turning my car off and on for 45 minutes waiting to pay over $3 a gallon. That is when I realized that I needed to find a better solution. My employer offers the Commuter Choice Tax Benefit, so I got $180/mo tax free to cover the cost of taking public transit. Walking 2 miles each day to the station helped with the weight loss. I started eating better due to the fact I was no longer passing fast food restaurants on my way home; luckily the train doesn't stop at Wendy’s. I eventually sold my car and haven't driven to work in over a year.” Sam got healthy and lost 70 lb commuting with public transit.
- College and surounding zip codes are food deserts. Market is over 4 miles away. Triple bottom line: gives to community groups, sells discount to community, sellls to restaurant 10,000 lb organic produce/year. Gives 15% to food banks
- Steve Groff is a family farmer who grows vegetables on 200 acres in Lancaster County PA. 20 years ago his farm was losing 14 tons of topsoil each year to erosion. He switched from conventional farming to a sustainable system using cover crops, crop rotation and long-term no-tillage. His expenses decreased due to less need for pesticides and synthetic fertilizer....
- soil stability quadrupled with a 70% increase in organic content and his crop yields increased 10%. CO2 removed from the atmosphere to make healthy soil now helps to grow healthy food.
- JULY 2011, A 10 mile stretch of the 405 freeway, normally traversed by 300,000 cars a day closed for 36 hours for repairs. Traffic north and south of the shutdown dropped 60-70% and traffic on alternate routes dropped 30-40% . Regional air quality improved within minutes for a radius of 100 miles.
- Geoffrey Thompson is a neonatalogist and the CEO of Gundersen Lutheran Health System, a nonprofit healthcare network with 4 hospitals and 75 clinics serving patients in Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.. Hospitals are among the most energy intensive buildings in the US and back in 2007 Gundersen had to raise patient bills due to energy costs rising by $350,000 per year. “We asked ourselves, "Why are we here?" To improve the health and well-being of patients and our communities and if we're going to do that, we need to stop causing harm., and part of the community's need is that we keep the cost of health care down. So, we said we're going to decrease our impact on the environment and lower the cost of health care at the same time”. .
- They began by optimizing heating, cooling, and lighting and changing employee behavior to reduce energy demand. Within 2 years the hospital's energy use had dropped 25%, saving $1 million dollars a year. They now save $2 million annually. They didn't talk about climate change. Jeffrey: I didn't want people focusing on the debates of which news station they watch and get wound around that axle.That's why we framed it as pollution, which causes people with lung disease to breathe hard. We shouldn't allow that to happen. We shouldn't put mercury into the environment. We should not waste food. We stressed these kinds of things. If we can produce energy locally and help the local economy, we should do that.
- And over the next 5 years Gundersen added renewable energy generation including solar, wind, geothermal, and waste biogas from local dairy farms, the city landfill, and a local brewery. Jeffrey: We developed a plan to invest locally in energy production rather than putting our money in treasury notes, stocks or bonds. Now we have our business community, our education community, our staff believing that we can do more than one thing at a time; that we can take care of patients and the community while we save money with our sustainability program. The hospital is on track to achieve its goal of running on 100% clean safe energy by the end of this year.
- The people in these stories are like scouts riding ahead of the main traveling party. They are leading the way to a future in which our children will be healthier than their parents instead of being sicker and dying younger. This healthier future you've glimpsed through their eyes is within our reach but its not where we're currently headed. We need u to help us get there. The purpose of this talk is to explain why health professionals should be the loudest cheerleaders for climate action.
- What are the causes of the causes of death? I've highlighted 7 of these because they are things we'd see less of if we take the low emissions pathway.
- “the causes of the causes of the causes” grew out of choices we made in the past about city planning, transportation, and food systems. when we set up these systems, we didn't understand the health consequences. Now that we do, the climate crisis presents an unprecedented opportunity to make better choices and save hundreds of thousands of American lives every year.
- Again we find a dose response relationship between air pollution and childhood asthma
- Early exposure to air pollution especially first trimester associated DNA hypomethylation at sites which correlate with increased increased rates of CVD
- Prospective studies show dose related increase in DM2 incidence in adults and insulin resistance in children with exposure to air pollution. Some attributed to inflammatory effect of pollutants and some to epigenetic effects- early exposure causing persistent alteration of gene expression
- Prenatal and early childhood exposure to air pollution related to higher BMI up to age 18
- Where does this unhealthy air pollution come from? The largest source in motor vehicle exhause and the second largest source are power plants burning coal, gas, and oil. This is also our country's largest contribution to global warming, which begets a whole nother round of health consequences including, as you'll see, worse air pollution.
- CO2 acts as fertilizer, increases pollen production and allergenicity, and extends flowering season, spread of allergenic plants. Graph shows pollen production under preindustrial, current and projected future CO2 levels. Pollen levels predicted to double by 2040. Similar experiments done with poison ivy show bigger plants with higher content of urushiol. With milder springs pollen season begins sooner and has increased length of pollen season by 2-4 weeks. most change at higher latitudes.
- Flooding and heavy rain increase indoor mold. .Mold exposure increases ER visits and hospitalization for asthma and asthma deaths. Can also cause asthma. Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study prospective, birth to age 7, parental atopy. For each 10 U increase in home Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) , risk of asthma increased 80%, RR double for highest quartile compared with lowest. Higher CO2 increases mold spores and allergenicity. At 500 ppm CO2 concentrations,one common mold allergen produced nearly three times the number of spores and more than twice the total antigenic protein per plant
- GOOD NEWS- ozone levels have been declining, BAD NEWS on their way back up with most of the increase related to temperature. climate penalty. 40% of pop lives in areas with air quality below EPA standards
- 40% of Americans already live in areas with ozone levels deemed unsafe by the EPA. If current rate of emissions continue By 2020 increased ozone from climate change will cause 3 million extra episodes of severe respiratory symptoms. By 2050 climate induced ozone elevations will cause 12 million additional severe episodes and quintuple the number of ER visits, hospital admissions and deaths, primarily for infants and elders.
- US ranks #2 in premature deaths due to ozone. With mortality projected to more than triple by 2030
- Dust storms in Texas. high rate of VF-seropositive dogs in the western and southwestern parts of Texas (relative risk = 31)
- Studies show that years with increased cases follow a grow and blow pattern. spring rain followed 6-24 mo later by drought and wind. Not reportable in Texas. Dry lake beds contain high levels of minerals left behind when the water evaporates. Owens Lake emits about 30 tons of arsenic /yr. Lung cancer, skin cancer, Exposure in pregnancy results in LBW, neonatal infections, and abnormal gene expression About 25% of airborne arsenic in SE US comes in dust from Africa
- 2011 25 million Texans exposed to smoke for at least 1 week
- This map shows ozone contribution from wildfires in Idaho and CA, causing elevated levels in Utah and NV
- Los Angeles holds a longstanding record of having the worst air quality of all US cities but you can see how wildfire smoke more than doubled the level of fine particulates, achieving levels of pm 2.5 close to what is seen in Beijing.
- Dioxin in smoke, deposited on range and farmland resulting in human ingestion and accumulation in fatty tissues. 80% of dioxin exposure is from beef and dairy PAH also in wildfire smoke adhered to very fine particulates. In addition to consumption of contaminated food , Inhalation is a signifcant exposure route, can cause lung cancer. PAHis very persistent. levels are used by paleontologists studying prehistoric fires. Runoff from burned areas, has higher levels of PAH than urban runoff.
- So it stands to reason we should get rid of the pollution by making a switch to safe clean energy
- IS THERE ENOUGH? THO Wind is currently only 4% of total, Wind potential is ten times our current electricity use,
- .
- By 2020 Save $35 billion/year in health costs energy cost per kwh decreased by more than 50%
- What about intermittency? RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURES STUDY US Dept of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, MIT The central conclusion of the analysis is that renewable electricity generation from technologies that are commercially available today, in combination with a more flexible electric system, is more than adequate to supply 80% of total U.S. electricity generation in 2050 while meeting electricity demand on an hourly basis in every region of the United States.
- SEVERAL COUNTRIES APPROACHING 50% RENEWABLE GENERATION
- What would it take to make entire US like Gunderson Lutheran ? EPA limits for major emitters Rebates, tax breaks, investment in R&D Shift subsidies including use of public land Natl Electricity standard Net metering Level playing field- stop externalizing climate and health costs of dirty energy
- We need to level the playing field so that when we're considering the costs of clean vs fossil fuel we're comparing apples to apples. We give the highly profitable coal, gas, and oil industry $4 billion/year in tax breaks while the American people pay the health and environmental costs. That's not the only advantage we give them. We lease public land for mining and drilling at far below market prices. Example: 40% of US coal comes from public lands, we sell it to coal companies for around a dollar a ton and they turn around and sell it to Asia for $50 a ton. It takes 2 weeks to ship the coal to China and 5 days for the plume of mercury, ozone ,and particulates to return to our shores.
- STOPPING WASTE AND IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IS THE LOW HANGING FRUIT. THESE ARE THE ACTIONS BELOW COST CURVE THAT SAVE MONEY Buildings use up 40% of our energy and nearly half is wasted. Basic energy retrofits (seal leaks, insulate) can decrease energy use 30-40% and save $3 for every Dollar invested.
- American Institute of Architects 80,000 firms, US Council of Mayors and National Council of Governors.
- Transportation is the largest source of air pollution in the US. Increased efficiency and alternative fuels decrease air pollution. It will take us to 2020 to get where japan and eu are today.
- Integral part of meeting these ambitious goals is demand reduction thru increased efficiency.
- When we stop burning fossil fuel, we get immediate improvement in air quality.. Atlanta Olympics traffic dropped 20%, emissions dropped 30%, peds asthma admissions 40%. clean energy saves more lives by clearing the air than by preventing worsening of climate change. Globally 400,000 people a year die as a result of climate change (90% are children) but 4.5 million die from lung disease, CVD and cancer from carbon related air pollution. In the US closing all coal burning power plants would save 13,200 lives and prevent nearly 10,000 hospitalizations and more than 20,000 heart attacks each year. According to the EPA the health cost of coal and oil is greater than the purchase price of the energy itself. If all the costs were factored in gasoline would cost $15 a gallon. Health savings would be more than $100 billion per year
- Can we afford it? Yes we can. climate solutions for reducing emissions to 2030 sorted by cost. The different sectors are identified by color. Everything on the left below the horizontal axis results in net savings.These are energy efficiency measures for vehicles and buildings. The solutions on the right above the line are arranged by increasing net cost.. Solutions under $50/ ton include planting trees, clean energy, and sustainable agriculture.
- .
- 1900-1915 50,000 miles Texas 500 miles- Dennison to Waco
- Interurban use declined as car ownership increased, few survived the depression.. Automakers and oil companies bought and closed down many lines. Steady increase in PER CAPITA MILES driven WENT FROM 1950-2000,
- corresponding change in destination with residential sprawl. We went from living in walkable complete neighborhoods with an accessible connected street network and a mix of destinations in walking distance to subdivisions where one would be lost without a car
- Physical inactivity takes a terrible toll on our health and is responsible for 250,000 deaths in this country per year.
- Tten yr study province of Ontario. Walkable less DM and obesity, non walkable more. Tom Frieden CDC "Your longevity and health are more determined by your ZIP code than they are by your genetic code." -Tom Frieden,.
- Less then half of Texas teens get recommended physical activity
- Increasingly public health and planners consider access to transit as a determinant of health. TOD refers to walkable communities within ½ to ¼ mile radius of a transit station (5-10 min bike or walk) . People who live in TOD make half as many car trips as people as people in COD. .
- People who live in TOD walk more and weigh less
- . They are also less likely to be victims of America's 5th greatest killer UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES, of which the greatest contributor is MVA.
- Here you can see the relative dollar value of clean air, exercise, and fewer car accidents. The health savings estimates I've been talking about until now were based solely on air quality. We'd save 3 times as much from increased walking and 17 times more from the decrease in fatal crashes.
- IN CASE YOU THOUGHT IT WAS PLANES.
- BY GETTING OUT OF OUR CARS AND WALKING and by investing in a transportation system and built environment based on the needs of people.
- . Policies to increase active transportationi require a conscious shift of resources away from the vicious cycle of development, congestion, more roads, more sprawl and breaking down the silos between housing, transportation, and development agencies.
- This trend is already underway, as baby boomers retire and drive less and young people choose to live in cities and forgo car ownership. The way we get around in the future will depend on the investments we make today.
- Our food system has been shaped by national farm policy. From the Depression to the 1970s govt controlled crop prices by paying farmers to limit production, and buying up surplus. In 1970s policy changed to a focus on producing large crops for export. Then Secy of Ag Earl Butz, told farmers “get big or get out” and plant “hedgerow to hedgerow”. Fed programs encouraged borrowing $ to buy more land and equipment. which resulting in modern farms romoted rapid mechanization, exclusive focus on monoculture of subsidized commodity crops which required large inputs of water and petrochemicals. Farm Bubble burst in the 1980s, low prices and glut of crops resulted in many farm foreclosures further consolidating agribusiness.
- These changes were felt all the way to the grocery store.
- This produced dramatic nutritional changes. HFCS became an increasing part of the american diet. .
- From 1970 to 2000, avg daily caloric intake increased by 530 calories, largest proportion from added sugar and fat
- Fruit and Vegetable consumption did increase but not nearly as much as meat and sugar. less than 25% of pop eats recommended # of servings.
- When Earl Butz said Get big or get out, I doubt this is what he intended, but here we are 30% teens obese, 37% overweight 24% ate 5 fruit/veg/d 48% met recommended physical activity .
- Over 30% of kids obese or overweight. Will triple rate of adult obesity.
- HFCS promotes insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Experimentally the insulin resistance is attenuated by lycopene, a carotenoid and antioxidant which gives the red color to many fruits and veg
- Prospective studies show that high consumption of red meat significantly increases risk of new onset DM and deaths from cancer, CVD controlling for other risk factors.
- Obese adults have nearly double the risk of asthma Maternal obesity and high prenatal weight gain raises asthma risk for children obese asthmatics show improvement with weight loss
- International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), world's largest collaborative epidemiological study of children,. Over 100 countries, nearly 2 million children over 20 years. Subset 50,000 children in 20 countries (Thorax 2010;65:516-22). junk food and burgers increase asthma. THERE'S AN ANTIDOTE: fish and vegetables prospective study of adults obesity nearly doubles incident risk of asthma Maternal obesity during pregnancy and high gest weight gain increased risk of childhood asthma. Each 1kg/m2 increase in BMI=2-3% increase in asthma.
- In addition to its nutritional impact on our health, the emissions from production add to global warming, which has further health impacts on food and water. second largest source of methand are animals we raise for meat and dairy, with each cow producing over 1000 liters/d. The third is decay of wasted food in landfills
- Nitrous oxide is the third largest contributor to climate change. By far the largest source is synthetic fertilizer, most of which goes onto crops grown for animal feed. We don't have to pollute the planet to feed ourselves.. Numerous studies show that here and in developing countries, sustainable farming practices produce equal or better yields while adding carbon back into the soil
- Drought has affected supply of food and food safety.
- Hepatotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, immunosuppressive Placenta concentrates 6 fold.In a more recent study in a Mex Am community in TX which has very high rate of HCC, 20% of people tested had detectable biomarkers
- SOUTH TX LATINOS HAVE 3-4X HIGHER RATE OF HCC c/w non Hispanic whites. Testing in Bexar County showed 20% + for afloxtoxin biomarkers.
- INCREASES RISK OF LIVER CANCER ABOUT 7 TIMES HIGHER BUT WHEN COUPLED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION LIKE HEP B OR C OR ALCOHOL, RISK IS 60 TIMES HIGHER. NAFLD increasingly common risk factor for HCC in US. Childhood obesity increases risk of adult liver cancer 12-20%. currently affects 30% of US population, predicted to double by 2050 Biomarkers detected in Texas community with high prev HCC, related to corn tortillas and riceFDA allowed blending for feed in 4 states.
- What would we like our food system to look like? Change how we grow
- Change what we grow and make it more available In 2000 over 25% of Tx counties were classified as food deserts
- Medit has half the GHG emissions of Western diet, and less use of other scarce resources, mostly due to less meat
- Can we do it without starving or going broke? . Sustainable small scale farming uses less water, less energy, less fertilizer and pesticides and produces less emissions without sacrificing yield.
- Look at how much a med diet would decrease some of those top 10 causes. According to UCS, If Americans ate just one more serving of fruits or vegetables per day, this would save more than 30,000 lives/ yr. If Americans were to follow current USDA recommendations for daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, those numbers would go up to more than 127,000 lives and $17 billion saved
- Even if you already have a chronic disease, its not too late Vegetables and fruit can save you. We don't have a drug that comes anywhere close to being this effective. .
- FIRST WE'D HAVE TO PUT OUR MONEY WHERE OUR MOUTH IS. If you look at what we reward farmers for doing, you can see that we get what we pay for. We spend 63% of farm subsidies on what is supposed to fill less than a quarter of our plate and <1% on foods that should fill half of it. If we pay for what we want to get, the prices and buying and eating will change.
- We could change that. Here are a few policy steps.
- Statistics can distance us from problems, lets bring it close. 7/10 people in this room are overweight. A third of us have CVD, , For every 8 people present, 1 is diabetic although nearly 1/3of them don't know it, and 3 have prediabetes. Of the folks over 65, 1 of 4 are diabetic and 2 of 4 have pre DM . 1 of 8 has asthma, 1 of 5 blacks. ¾ of every health care dollar is spent on preventable chronic disease. those related to obesity are increasing 5% per decade
- Will we take the road to
- A stable climate
- And healthy communities
- .OR WILL WE HEAD TOWARD A NOT TOO DISTANT FUTURE DM and CVD increase 10 fold by 2010- 2020 and double again by 2030. TX 2030 57% obese NATIONALLY 6 million new type 2 diabetics 5 million HEART ATTACKS AND STROKES and over 400,000 extra cases of cancer all of which could have been prevented. We can't treat our way out but we can speak up and help TURN OUR COUNTRY TOWARD A HEALTHIER FUTURE.
- The solutions are within reach but healthy climate healthy people policy won't happen unless we can generate the political will. To do that we need people and we need vision. So I'm going to tell you some stories.