1. ARCS
Motivational
Design
Whitney Kilgore
University of North Texas

2. ARCS Motivational Design
Attention Relevance Confidence Satisfaction
A1 Perceptual
arousal
R1 Goal
orientation
C1 Learning
requirements
S1 Intrinsic
reinforcement
A2 Inquiry arousal R2 Motive
matching
C2 Success
opportunities
S2 Extrinsic
rewards
A3 Variability R3 Familiarity C3 Personal
control
S3 Equity

4. Capturing
Attention

6. Keller, J. M. (1983). Motivational design of instruction. In C. M. Reigeluth
(Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: An overview of their current
status. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Keller, J. M. (1984). The use of the ARCS model of motivation in teacher
training. In K. Shaw & A. J. Trott (Eds.), Aspects of Educational Technology
Volume XVII: staff Development and Career Updating. London: Kogan Page.
Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of the ARCS model of motivational
design. Journal of Instructional Development, 10(3), 2 – 10.
References
Image Credits
Yawning baby http://www.flickr.com/photos/lambatofa/4739608314/
Sleepy student http://www.flickr.com/photos/sveinhal/2533808944
Eyeball http://www.flickr.com/photos/ngmmemuda/3870988403/
Attention http://www.dailyhaha.com/_pics/attention-grabber.jpg