1. Circular Advantage of Eco-
Industrial Clusters in Rural
Fringe Areas
2017
Venkatachalam Anbumozhi
2. Brilliance of Eco-Industrial Clusters
Environment
Economy
Society
＋ ＋
Decrease Waste &
Pollution
Increase Business
Success
Generate Equity in
Wealth
3. Bio-resources
Agrl. waste
Forestry waste
Fishery waste
Energy crops
Eco-value added
Rural products
Animal waste
Composting
Organic
practices
Renewable
energy use
Industrial sector
waste
Municipal waste
Industrial resources
Bio-degradable
industrial products
Recyclable livelihood
Bio-materials
Eco-value added
consumer products
Use of renewable
Biomass Refinery
complex
Renewable Energy
Complex
Eco-service
Complex
Urban – Rural Fringe Area
4. A Comparative Evaluation of Key Elements in Asia
Key Factors
Countries and Industrial Clusters
India Japan Thailand Vietnam
Sericulture, Hosur
Wood,
Maniwa
Rice,
Chachoengsao
Fish,
An Giang
Small businesses 120 72 60 175
Nature of Market
Supply–led, mainly
secondary towns
Demand–led, domestic
Demand–led, regional,
passive exports
Demand–led, mainly
export, limited domestic
Key Players
Producers &
Development Assistance
Policy
Lead firms
&
Environmental
Policy
Large Firms
&
Social Development Policy
Foreign Buyers
&
Industrial Policy
Evidence of Inter-firm
Networks
Weak bilateral linkages.
Extensive multilateral
cooperation focussed on
supply chain
Effective horizontal
linkages
Extensive subcontracting.
Key
Benefits
Product/market
diversification,
Employment
Zero-emission,
Eco-product development
Waste management,
Income generation
Improved water quality,
Employment generation
Role of Community &
Support Institutions
Limited. Disabling labour
market pooling
Significant. Positive
intermediate input effects
Important. Potential for
significant technology spill
over
No local but some central
institutions; Improved
market access
Major
Constraint
Social Capital Policy Conflicts Enabling Technology Integrated Policy
5. Leading Actors of EIC –Circular Initiative in Asia
20
31 33
24
38
24
24
12
8
17 14
8
10
1012
0 2
4 54
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
India V ietnam Thailand
N ationalgovt Localgovt C om pany B usiness A ssociation
A cadem ia/research N P O /N G O Intern'lorganization
29%
Local
Govt.
28%
National
Govt.
25%
Business
