Xamarin.Mac Seminar
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Learn to write native Mac apps using C# and .NET directly from Miguel de Icaza, cofounder and CTO of Xamarin.
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Xamarin.Mac Seminar
- 1. Xamarin.Mac Introduc0on Miguel de Icaza, CTO Xamarin miguel@xamarin.com January 10th 2013
- 2. Xamarin.Mac Overview • Build Mac applica0ons with C# – Use C# and .NET libraries on Mac – All that you love: • LINQ, Task Parallel Library, async • GC, type safety, generics, dynamic and more. – Mac AppStore ready • Na0ve Applica0ons – Use na0ve APIs to deeply integrate with OSX
- 3. Xamarin.Mac Overview 2.2B devices reachable with C#
- 4. Xamarin.Mac at a Glance Xcode MonoDevelop IDE (UI Designer) Xamaric.Mac Cocoa Frameworks Tools and SDK Libraries • Binder Mono Core Class • Bundler System Libraries Libraries • Linker • Packager Mono Run0me Darwin OS
- 5. Xamarin.Mac Frameworks Graphics User Interface • CoreGraphics • ImageKit • AppKit • QCComposer • CoreImage • ImageIO • CoreAnima0on • QuickLook • CoreText • OpenGL • CoreImage • SceneKit • CoreVideo • PDFKit • WebKit Audio and Video System Services • AddressBook • CoreWLan • AVFounda0on • CoreMidi • Bluetooth • Scrip0ngBridge • AudioToolbox • CoreMedia • OpenAL • CoreLoca0on • StoreKit • AudioUnit • CoreServices Infrastructure • CoreData • Founda0on • CoreFounda0on ObjCRun0me • • Darwin • Security
- 6. Lots shared with MonoTouch (iOS) Graphics User Interface • CoreGraphics • ImageKit • AppKit • QCComposer • CoreImage • ImageIO • CoreAnima0on • QuickLook • CoreText • OpenGL • CoreGraphics • SceneKit • CoreVideo • PDFKit • CoreImage • WebKit Audio and Video System Services • AddressBook • CoreWLan • AVFounda0on • CoreMidi • Bluetooth • Scrip0ngBridge • AudioToolbox • CoreMedia • OpenAL • CoreLoca0on • StoreKit • AudioUnit • CoreServices Infrastructure • CoreData • Founda0on • CoreFounda0on ObjCRun0me • • Darwin • Security
- 7. How does Xamarin.Mac work? • OSX Libraries Projected to C# – 1:1 mapping from OSX na0ve APIs to C# • Objec0ve-‐C (80% of APIs) – Object system mapped – Supports subclassing and overriding • C-‐based APIs (20% of APIs) – Exposed as C# classes/methods – No support for subclassing or overriding
- 8. The Basics Graphics User Interface • CoreGraphics • ImageKit • AppKit • QCComposer • CoreImage • ImageIO • CoreAnima0on • QuickLook • CoreText • OpenGL • CoreImage • SceneKit • CoreVideo • PDFKit • WebKit Audio and Video System Services • AddressBook • CoreWLan • AVFounda0on • CoreMidi • Bluetooth • Scrip0ngBridge • AudioToolbox • CoreMedia • OpenAL • CoreLoca0on • StoreKit • AudioUnit • CoreServices Infrastructure • CoreData • Founda0on • CoreFounda0on ObjCRun0me • • Darwin • Security
- 10. Anatomy of a Xamarin.Mac App NSDocument version Applica'on Delegate Called with applica0on events, among them “FinishedLaunching” Info.plist Applica0on metadata, used by the OS (app name, requirements, doc type handlers, etc) Main applica'on menu Interface defini0on for your main menu Main Window UI Defini'on UI for your Main Window, edited with Implementa'on for your main window Xcode. Code to implement the features of your Document handler.
- 11. Results
- 12. Structure of your App NSWindow The toplevel window in your app NSWindow.ContentView An NSViews, hosts all content
- 13. NSViews – Powerful containers • NSViews can contain other NSViews • NSViews can handle events • NSViews can paint themselves • NSViews can layout their nested NSViews • NSViews can be backed by a CALayer – CALayers are GPU accelerated • NSView proper0es can be animated
- 14. NSWindow and nested NSViews
- 15. AppKit -‐ Applica0on Framework • Pervasive use of Model View Controller – Unless you are wri0ng a custom control – All logic goes into your controller class – Controller orchestrates work of views • Goes beyond the standard offering – High-‐level NSDocument does the heavy lijing – Full Menu, Saving, Loading, mul0-‐window support
- 16. Extending our first Window Subclass Create + Ini0alize Object Hook up some code, lambda
- 17. My app in Ac0on
- 18. Crea0ng Beau0ful Interfaces • Launch Xcode to edit XIB files. • Ac0vate side-‐by-‐side view • Control-‐drag to source file.
- 20. Exposing the UI to Code • Outlets – Allows you to reference an object from code – Control-‐drag to source pane, and give it a name • Ac0ons – Allows a method to be invoked as a response – Control drag to source pane, and give a name • In C# land – Ac0ons become par0al methods in your class – Outlets become proper0es in your class
- 21. Implemen0ng Ac0ons and using Outlets
- 22. Running
- 24. Events and Callbacks • In the C# world we are used to objects broadcas0ng events. Like this: – var myControl = new SomeControl (); – myControl.Clicked += SaveFile; – myControl.FocusIn += MakeFontBold; – myControl.FocusOut += ResetFont; SaveFile MyControl MakeFontBold ResetFont
- 25. Apple’s Idiom • Objects instead send interes0ng events to a “Delegate”. All messages are sent there. var myControl = new SomeControl () myControl.Delegate = new MyControlDelegate () myControl myControlDelegate class MyControlDelegate : ControlDelegate { override Clicked () {…} override FocusIn () {…} override FocusOut () {…} }
- 26. Xamarin.Mac and Delegates • Both models are supported – You get to choose in a per-‐instance basis • Apple Delegate panern mapped to C# events – Internally, we create the Delegate class, map it to your C# lambda/anonymous method/delegate • One replaces the other
- 28. Shipping Your App -‐ Yourself • App has full access to the system • Applica0ons are shipped as “bundles” – Directory with .app extension – Self-‐contained, with no external dependencies – Op0onally: generate installer from IDE as well. • MacOS recently enabled GateKeeper – This requires you to sign your app – Or apps wont start on modern systems1 (by default) 1. Technically any Mac running Mountain Lion (10.8.xx) or Lion 10.7.5 and newer
- 29. Shipping your App -‐ AppStore • Mac App Store – Must apply to Apple for developer program – Must sign applica0on – Submit app for review • App will be sandboxed • IDE signs, packages and launches uploader • See Xamarin’s docs for tutorial
- 30. MacOS X Sandbox • Kernel enforced sandbox • Limits access to the system: – Limita0ons on file system access – Use special Open/Save dialog panels – Limits access to services, and some kernel APIs
- 31. Mac AppStore – Sandbox Configura0on Info.plist Edi0ng this file brings up the metadata editor. Use this editor to configure your applica0on requirements from the sandbox.
- 32. Next Steps Learn more at: Deep Dive at Xamarin Evolve 2013 - xamarin.com/mac April 14 – 17, Austin, TX - Docs.xamarin.com 2 Days of Xamarin Technical Training & Certification Free trial: - xamarin.com/trial 2 Conference days covering all things mobile Keynotes by Nat, Miguel and Scott Hanselman Call for speakers officially open & sponsorship information available at evolve@xamarin.com
- 33. Pricing • Free trial at xamarin.com/trial • Professional: $399 • Enterprise: $999 per seat • Enterprise Priority: $2,499 per seat
- 34. Resources • Xamarin’s Mac Resources: – hnp://docs.xamarin.com/mac • API documenta0on: – Installed on first use (Apple + Xamarin Docs) • C# samples: hnps://github.com/xamarin/mac-‐samples • Support Forum: hnp://forums.xamarin.com/categories/mac • Apple Developer Portal: hnp://developer.apple.com/mac • Xamarin’s Evolve conference: hnp://xamarin.com/evolve
- 35. MORE INFORMATION
- 36. TouchDraw and iCircuit • TouchDraw • iCircuit
- 37. PROJECTIONS
- 38. Objec0ve-‐C Projec0on to C# • What we map: – Classes – Structures – Methods and Proper0es – Objec0ve-‐C blocks – Public global fields – No0fica0ons – Dic0onaries – Core data types • Follow the .NET Framework Design Guidelines
- 39. Projec0ng Classes and Structs • Iden0cal class names • Scoped by namespace Example: NSWindow and NSURL Become MonoMac.AppKit.NSWindow MonoMac.Foundation.NSUrl
- 40. Projec0ng Methods and Proper0es • We rename methods to follow .NET FDG • Use C# overloading Example: -‐(void) drawString:(NSString *) str atPoint:(CGPoint)pos -‐(void) drawString:(NSString *) str Becomes: void DrawString (string str) void DrawString (string str, PointF position)
- 41. Projec0ng Blocks • Blocks are Objec0ve-‐C lambdas • They are mapped to C# delegates – Can be used with C# lambdas or methods Example: (int)(^)(string msg, int flag) Becomes: delegate int X (string msg, int flag)
- 42. Projec0ng No0fica0ons • No0fica0ons are posted as strings + Dic0onary • We map those to strong types + EventArgs Regular Style/Objec've-‐C Strongly Typed
- 43. Projec0ng NSDic0onary Op0ons • Dic0onaries are used to pass parameters • Loosely typed, hard to debug, hard to find • We provide strongly typed classes • They implicitly convert to NSDic0onary – With the right magic keys – With the correct types for parameters
- 44. AppKit – The Heart of Mac Apps