1. i
PREFACE
Information Technology has gone through a revolutionary change since its inception. IT
sector is an emerging industry; in spite of recession worldwide IT sector has sustained its
position and continue with providing maximum number of job vacancies.
This report includes Macro and Micro Analysis dealing with evolution of IT Sector. In this
report the origin of Information Technology and the phases of Information Technology
system in India as well abroad are discussed in detail.
Macro analysis includes about IT Industry, Major Players, products and services, financial
overview, government regulations and SWOT and PEST analysis.
Micro analysis include about Infosys, Human resources policies,4 p’s of marketing, Financial
Analysis, SWOT analysis and Michael Porter’ s Model.
We hope our work duly fulfills the requirement of the partial fulfillment of our graduation
that is fourth year of B.com Honors (IA) for the year ended 2013-14.

2. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is really a matter of pleasure for us to get an opportunity to thank all the persons who
contributed directly or indirectly for the successful completion of the project report, On
“Information Technology as well Infosys co. ltd.”
First of all we are extremely thankful to my I/C principal Mr.Nishith Dave for continues
support .We also thankful to C Z Patel College of Business and Management family for
providing us cooperation. I also express my gratitude to our project guide Dr. Manisha Bhatt.
We are highly thankful to our respected project guide for giving the encouragement for the
completion of this project.
We also grateful to all my faculty members for their valuable guidance and suggestions for
our entire study.
Exam No. Name of the Students Signatures
04 Arpit Dalwadi ----------------
11 Dilip Gajera ----------------
13 Dipesh Kalal ----------------
52 Vrunda Patel ----------------
53 Yash Joshi ----------------
Class: - Fo.Y.B.Com. (Hons.) (IA)
Supervised By: - ________________
Dr. Manisha Bhatt
Assistant Professor_ Commerce & Management

3. iii
Executive Summary of IT Industry -Macro Analysis
1. History of Information Technology:-
Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications
equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data often in the context of a
business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers
and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution
technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with
information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics,
semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, e-commerce and computer services.
2. Major Players of Information Technology:-
Competitors at global level:-
A. Microsoft
B. Oracle
C. SAP (System Application Product)
D. Symantec
E. CA Technology
F. Intuit
G. Amadeus IT Holdings
Market Shares:-
According to the latest forecast by IT market analysis firm Gartner, worldwide IT spending is
projected to total US$3.7 trillion in 2013, a 4.2% increase from 2012 spending of US$3.6
trillion. The 2013 outlook for IT spending growth in US dollars has been revised upward
from 3.8% in the Q3 2012 forecast. Gartner said much of this spending increase is the result

4. iv
of projected gains in the value of foreign currencies versus the dollar. When measured in
constant dollars, 2013 spending growth is forecast to be 3.9%.
3. Products and Services of Information Technology:-
Products:-
A. Adobe Acrobat Professional
B. Microsoft Windows
C. Office Suite Windows
D. Network Services Request
E. McAfee Virus Scan Enterprise
Services:-
A. Application Services
B. Enterprise Content Management Services
C. Information Protection Services
D. Resources Management Services
E. Virtual Data Center Services
4. Financial Overview of Information technology:-
The era of information-driven technology constantly changes the way mankind approaches
the corporate world, particularly in doing business transactions, the continuous advancement
of other information technology sub-fields such as multimedia and programming, are
considered to be the ones responsible for the success of big companies like Microsoft, Apple
and Intel.
Nowadays, social media networking sites like facebook has opened new doors for the
innovation of Information Technology. Aside from this, a number of sites all over the world

5. v
promote businesses by offering web-related services such as Web Developing and Search
Engine Optimization.
5. Government Regulations:-
IT spending by the Government of India is projected to reach US$ 6.4 billion in 2013, a
growth of 7 per cent year-on-year, according to a report by Gartner.
Some of the major initiatives taken by the Government to promote IT and ITeS sector in
India are:
• After a successful first-ever international delegation to Dubai, Gujarat-based small and
medium enterprises (SMEs) in the IT sector plan to send similar business delegations to
European and South East Asian countries.
• The Government of Karnataka plans to announce a new information technology (IT) policy
to boost investments in state’s tier-II and tier-III cities. The policy would enable the sector to
employ about two million people in the state directly by 2020.
• The Government of India has fast tracked the process of setting up of centers of National
Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) in Northeast India.
• The Government of Brazil has liberalized the issue of short term work visas, a move which
will make it easier for Indian IT professionals to take up assignments in Brazil.
• India and Vietnam have signed two memorandums of understanding (MOU) for partnership
in the field of information, communications and technology (ICT).
SWOT Analysis of Information technology:-
Strength:-
 Ability To Innovate
 Highly Skilled Human Resource
 Following Quality Standards Such As ISO 9000,
 Flexibility And Adaptability
 Mathematical And Logic Expertise

6. vi
 Indian In Silicon Valley
Weaknesses:-
 Lack of Domestic Computerizations
 Lack Of Internet Penetration
 Contribution Of IT Sector To India’s GDP Is Still Rather Small
 Employee Salaries in IT Sector are increasing tremendously. Low wages benefit will
soon come to an end.
Opportunity:-
 High Quality IT Education Market
 Increasing number of working age people
 India’s well developed soft infrastructure
 Upcoming international players in the market
 Numbers of computer sold around world is increasing
Threats:-
 Lack of data security systems
 Countries like china and Philippines with qualified workforce making efforts to
overcome the English language barriers
 IT development concentrated in a few cities only
 Government Regulation
7. PEST Analysis:-
Political Factors:-
 Government rules and regulation toward a particular business environment
 Other factors:-Customer protection law, competitive regulation and terrorist attacks
 Indian government has decided to contract IT job to IT Indian companies creating
more opportunities for the company and the industry at large
 Indian government has strengthened the IT act, 2000to provide a sound legal
environment
Economical Factors:-
 Rising working pay, global recession, competition contract available and free
 Domestic IT spending grew by20% and reached $20 billion in 2009

7. vii
 Currency fluctuation caused by the devaluation of the dollar has affected the industry
during the last recession
 Recession cause low attribute rate due to job layouts and job cuts.
Social Factors:-
 The social factors affecting IT industry ranges from employee rights, language
barriers, race nationality of company or other issues.
 English range being widely spoken in India has help in fostering the industry’s
relationship and interaction in India and on the global stage.
 Great number of institute and universities offer IT course creating room for
availability IT professional at lower cost since there is job competition.
Technological Factors:-
Telephony:-
 Cellular mobile telephony tariffs in India are the lowest in the world. The airtime
tariffs have plunged by over 75%in the last 3 years alone.
 INDIA has the second largest telephone network after china.
 Enterprise telephone services, 3G, WI-MAX, and VPN are the grow.
Internet:-
 INDIA had has on 2011, 100 million active internet users.
 INDIA now third biggest internet users after china (300 million) and US (207
million).
New IT Technology:-
 WEB 2.0 represents the next transition in the evolution of WEB applications.
 Computer –aided design (CAD)

8. viii
Executive Summary of Micro Analysis on Infosys Co. Ltd.
About Infosys:-
In 1981, seven engineers started Infosys Limited with just US$250. From the beginning, the
company was founded on the principle of building and implementing great ideas that drive
progress for clients and enhance lives through enterprise solutions. For over three decades,
we have been a company focused on bringing to life great ideas and enterprise solutions that
drive progress for our clients.
Infosys recognize the importance of nurturing relationships that reflect our culture of
unwavering ethics and mutual respect. It’ll come as no surprise, then, that 97 percent (as of
December 31, 2013) of our revenues come from existing clients.
Infosys has a growing global presence with more than 158,000+ employees worldwide,
across 71 offices and 93 development centers in the United States, India, China, Australia,
Japan, Middle East, and Europe.
Stakeholder of Infosys:-
Recent global events have shown that sincere two-way dialog is vital for any business
organization to win and keep the trust of its stakeholders. Infosys have always ensured that
Infosys communication channels with customers, employees, investors, vendors and society
are open and collaborative. Their valuable feedback influences the business decisions we take
and the sustainability strategies that we implement. Infosys engaged with key stakeholders
through various programs and communication initiatives.
Products of Infosys:-
• Customer Service
• Digital Commerce
• Digital Marketing
• Distribution
• Sourcing & Procurement
• Talent Management
Services of Infosys:-

9. ix
• Business Applications
• Management Consulting
• Oracle
• SAP
• Sustainability Services
Human Resources:-
The Infosys BPO Human Resources Outsourcing (HRO) practice combines global sourcing
and delivery capabilities to offer flexible and cost-efficient solutions for acquiring,
administering and developing talent.
Infosys componentized HRO offerings enable customers to embark on the HRO journey
easily and realize benefits promptly. Through Infosys transformational expertise, our
customers save up to 40% on operational costs and enhance productivity by up to 30%. Our
suite of innovative tools measure and improve HR/ business metrics.
Infosys serve clients from co’s global delivery centers in India, China, Philippines, Mexico,
Brazil, Poland, and the Czech Republic.
4 p’s of marketing:-
Product:-
The Product aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the services, and how it
relates to the end- user’s needs and wants. The scope of a product generally includes
supporting elements such as warranties, guarantees and support.
Price:-
The pricing decision is one of the most critical decisions. Software pricing has been
concentrated the internal business objectives of vendors such as costs, specified, margins, and
the competition.
Place:-
In service place refers to location and use of distribution channels. It is referring to the
channel by which a service is sold (e.g. online vs retail), which geographic region or industry,
to which segment (young adults, families, business people), etc. also referring to how the
environment in which the product is sold and can affect sales.

10. x
Promotion:-
Over here, services and project consulting is through contract or agreement between the
parties and promotions are carried out only for the particular client selected as upgrading and
extended service for a particular period etc. This includes advertising, sales promotion,
publicity and personal selling. Branding refers to the various methods of promoting the
product, brand or company.
Financial analysis of Infosys:-
A. Net Profit Ratio:-
Years Net Profit
Ratio (%)
2009 27.52
2010 26.36
2011 24.28
2012 25.60
2013 23.38
B. Current Ratio:-
Years Current
ratio
2009 4.71
2010 4.28
2011 5.34
2012 4.91
2013 4.75

11. xi
C. Liquid Ratio:-
Years Liquid
Ratio
2009 4.67
2010 4.20
2011 5.28
2012 4.88
2013 4.69
D. Earning Per Share:-
Years Earning
Per Share
Ratio
2009 101.58
2010 101.13
2011 112.22
2012 147.50
2013 158.75
SWOT Analysis of Infosys:-
Strengths:-
Infosys has strong brand recognition in the IT industry in India and abroad. It was the first
Indian company to list on a US Stock Exchange. It is ranked among the 50 most respected
countries in the world by Reputation Institute’s Global Pulse 2009. It has also been voted
most admired Indian company in the Wall Street Journal Asia since 2000.

12. xii
Weaknesses:-
Although Infosys attracts some of the best talent, it has a problem retaining the talent due to
the low compensation structures. Infosys faces the highest attrition rate of 16% in the Indian
software industry. These attrition numbers are thrice as much as the general industry rate.
With an increasing number of international firms such as IBM, Microsoft, Accenture, and
Deloitte competing with Infosys for hiring from the same pool of software engineering
professionals, the gap between the demand and availability of skilled manpower in India and
abroad is likely to increase further.
Opportunities:-
Infosys has traditionally been averse to acquisitions, held its premium pricing strategy and
focused on its core IT enabled services business. However, the recent changes in the
corporate leadership in 2011 and slowdown in growth have prompted a strategic shift towards
global expansion and moving up the value chain with consulting and technology partnership.
Threats:-
Infosys is competing globally with other Indian offshore technology services firms such as
TCS, Wipro, HCL Technologies, and Cognizant as well as international consulting firms
such as Accenture, Atos Origin, Cap Gemini and Deloitte for clients as well as human
resources.
Michael Porter’s of Infosys:-
1. Bargaining Power Of Suppliers:-
 Due to slow down the jobs-cut, the layoffs and bleak IT outlook.
 Demand And Supply of Infosys professionals are no longer that favorable to
employees.
 Avability of vast talent pool-fresher’s and experienced.
 Switching Costs

13. xiii
2. Bargaining Power of Buyers:-
 Infosys resulting in high competition
 Size of Buyers
 Volume Purchased
 Threats of backward integration
3. Threats of new entrants:-
 Barriers to entry
 Economies of scale
 Capital requirement(finance required for business operations, cost of entry)
 MNCs are ramping up capacity and employee strength
4. Threats of substitute:-
 Levels of brand loyalty
 Buyers propensity to substitute(based on comparison of benefits ,features, price &
availability of information)
 The quality of a product being same
5. Rivalry among existing competitors:-
 Number of competitors
 Infosys growth rate
 Fixed costs (e.g. investment in salaries, rent etc)
 Product differentiation

14. xiv
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
 The study is partial fulfillment of the curriculum of Fourth Year B.Com (Honors)
International Accounting.
 In addition to this, it provides practical industrial exposure which would be helpful in
building up a bright career.
 To identify the opportunities of and challenges of IT industry and Infosys co. ltd.
 To determine various areas of management like human resources, marketing and
financial analysis.
 Create awareness among the youth and policy makers of the region about the potential
of Information Technology for sustainable development with a various regions of the
country.