Uses of DNA replication

1. DNA REPLICATION
Yasser Isaac Arana Escandón.
Medicine Student.

2. D N AD N A
R E P L I C A T I O NR E P L I C A T I O N
Yasser Isaac Arana Escandón.
Molecular Biology
Professor: Lina Martinez
B I B L I O G R A P H YB I B L I O G R A P H Y
• Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria.
Biologia Molecular. 7 ed. Medellin:
UPB. Fac. Medicina
• Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular
Biology of the cell. 5th ed. New
York-EEUU.
• Salisbury, D. Vanderbilt University.
2017, August 1st. Vanderbilt
researchers unravel how bacterial
toxin prevents DNA replication.
Retrieved from:
https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2017/
08/01/deciphering-potent-dna-
toxins-secrets/
• Miari VF, Solanki P, Hleba Y, et al.
August 7th 2017. In vitro
susceptibility to closthioamide
among clinical and reference strains
of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother.
Retrieved from:
http://aac.asm.org/content/early/2
017/08/01/AAC.00929-
17.full.pdf+html
MEDICAL UTILITYMEDICAL UTILITY
Everybody know cancer is one of the
leading causes of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Actually it is the
second leading cause of death globally
and all of us are exposed to have it.
Furthermore we are surrounded by another
common disease like gonorrhea. We know
that in the last 20 years this illness have
been common in our young people because
they are starting their sexual life earlier
than before but irresponsibly.
That’s why these investigations contribute
to have a new way to “attack” this cellular
proliferation working with DNA replication.

3. I N T R O D U C T I O NI N T R O D U C T I O N
All organisms must duplicate their
DNA with extraordinary accuracy
before each cell division. DNA
replication is the process by which a
double-stranded DNA molecule is
copied to produce two identical DNA
molecules. Replication is an essential
process because, whenever a cell
divides, the two new daughter cells
must contain the same genetic
information, or DNA, as the parent
cell.
How bacterial toxinHow bacterial toxin
prevents DNA replication.prevents DNA replication.
One of the most potent toxins known acts by welding
the two strands of the famous double helix together
in a unique fashion to protect their DNA.
How do they know it?How do they know it?
The authors took some members
of the Streptomyces family of soil
bacteria and discovered some
benefits they can have with human
health.
What did they find?What did they find?
They found that this kind of
bacterias produce a very
particular toxin named
yatakemycin, which is going to
be a great discoverment and
useful in treatments of some
illnesses.
Student’s opinion.Student’s opinion.
Discovering this new
sustance, it could be a great
advance, because authors
consider and know that it has
some antifungal and
antimicrobial properties,
which can be used to enlarge
they ways of treatments and
medication.
New antibiotic class shows
promise against
gonorrhea.
Researchers have found a new antibiotic that may
have the potential to treat gonorrhea, according to
a study published recently in Antimicrobial Agents
and Chemotherapy.
What did they find?What did they find?
This group of researchersThis group of researchers
worked with an anaerobicworked with an anaerobic
bacterium and theybacterium and they
isolated a special antibioticisolated a special antibiotic
and discovered it has highand discovered it has high
in vitro activity againstin vitro activity against
other AMR microoganismsother AMR microoganisms
Student’s opinion.Student’s opinion.
This investigation gives toThis investigation gives to
the people some hope,the people some hope,
because actually we arebecause actually we are
having a really bad use ofhaving a really bad use of
antibiotics, and that’s whyantibiotics, and that’s why
a lot of microorganism area lot of microorganism are
creating so muchcreating so much
resistance. Making themresistance. Making them
undestroyable.undestroyable.

4. I N T R O D U C T I O NI N T R O D U C T I O N
All organisms must duplicate their
DNA with extraordinary accuracy
before each cell division. DNA
replication is the process by which a
double-stranded DNA molecule is
copied to produce two identical DNA
molecules. Replication is an essential
process because, whenever a cell
divides, the two new daughter cells
must contain the same genetic
information, or DNA, as the parent
cell.
I N T R O D U C T I OI N T R O D U C T I O
NN
In
the eukaryotic cell
cycle, chromosome
duplication occurs
during "S phase"
DNA Replication is a cellular process which happens in 4 basics
steps: Replication fork formation, primer binding, elongation and
termination.
DNA
helicase
DNA
primase
DNA
polymerases
Exonucleases
DNA
ligase
DNA
gyrase

5. How bacterial toxinHow bacterial toxin
prevents DNA replication.prevents DNA replication.
One of the most potent toxins known acts by welding
the two strands of the famous double helix together
in a unique fashion to protect their DNA.
How do they know it?How do they know it?
The authors took some members
of the Streptomyces family of soil
bacteria and discovered some
benefits they can have with human
health.
What did they find?What did they find?
They found that this kind of
bacterias produce a very
particular toxin named
yatakemycin, which is going to
be a great discoverment and
useful in treatments of some
illnesses.
Student’s opinion.Student’s opinion.
Discovering this new
sustance, it could be a great
advance, because authors
consider and know that it has
some antifungal and
antimicrobial properties,
which can be used to enlarge
they ways of treatments and
medication.
2017, August 1st
Bacterial toxin named yatakemycin (YMT) prevents DNA replication.

6. YTM is produced by some members of
the Streptomyces family of soil bacteria to kill
competing strains of bacteria. It has some properties
which are being used or tested for cancer
chemotherapy because their toxicity is extremely
effective against tumor cells.
Streptomyces

7. YTM has an
extraordinary toxicity
and could be used as
an antimicrobial and
antifungal compound.

8. This toxin forms a single covalent bond and a
large number of weaker, polar interactions.
As a result, it stabilizes the DNA instead of
destabilizing it, and it does so without
distorting the DNA structure.

9. STUDENT OPINIONSTUDENT OPINION
I consider this investigation is going
through an awesome way. Cancer is
the second leading cause of death
globally, and that’s why another
possibility it’s always welcomed.
Stoping DNA replication by using a
new discoverment means increase life
expectancy of people who suffer it.

10. 2017, August 7th
Researchers have found a new antibiotic that may
have the potential to treat gonorrhea, according to
a study published recently in Antimicrobial Agents
and Chemotherapy.
What did they find?What did they find?
This group of researchersThis group of researchers
worked with an anaerobicworked with an anaerobic
bacterium and theybacterium and they
isolated a special antibioticisolated a special antibiotic
and discovered it has highand discovered it has high
in vitro activity againstin vitro activity against
other AMR microoganismsother AMR microoganisms
Student’s opinion.Student’s opinion.
This investigation gives toThis investigation gives to
the people some hope,the people some hope,
because actually we arebecause actually we are
having a really bad use ofhaving a really bad use of
antibiotics, and that’s whyantibiotics, and that’s why
a lot of microorganism area lot of microorganism are
creating so muchcreating so much
resistance. Making themresistance. Making them
undestroyable.undestroyable.
New antibiotic class shows
promise against
gonorrhea.

11. Since the discovery of penicillin
N. gonorrhoeae has developed
resistance to every therapeutic
antimicrobial agent used.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one
of the most important
antimicrobial resistance (AMR )
threats worldwide.

12. Closthioamide represents a
new class of natural
polythioamide antibiotics
and has been shown to
have high in vitro activity
against other AMR
microorganism. Its mode of
action is thought to be
inhibition of DNA gyrase.

13. Which also have DNA
gyrase inhibition property,
but also on topoisomerase.
All of this in pro of
reducing the DNA
replication of Neisseria
Gonorrhoeae.
CTA apart of the
influence in DNA gyrase,
they also found it
receives a
kind of help
of
fluoroquinol
ones
People
between
15-40 years
are the
most
affected

14. STUDENT OPINIONSTUDENT OPINION
This investigation gives to the people
some hope, because actually we are
having a really bad use of antibiotics,
and that’s why a lot of microorganism
are creating so much resistance
making them undestroyable.
Scientists are considering this
discoverement is really serious and it
has a lot of chanches against N.
Gonorrhoeae.

15. MEDICAL UTILITYMEDICAL UTILITY
Everybody know cancer is one of the
leading causes of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Actually it is the
second leading cause of death globally
and all of us are exposed to have it.
Furthermore we are surrounded by another
common disease like gonorrhea. We know
that in the last 20 years this illness have
been common in our young people because
they are starting their sexual life earlier
than before but irresponsibly.
That’s why these investigations contribute
to have a new way to “attack” this cellular
proliferation working with DNA replication.

16. DNA replication its a key partDNA replication its a key part
of biological processesof biological processes
which scientists and peoplewhich scientists and people
in charge of healthcare havein charge of healthcare have
to consider because it couldto consider because it could
be a great chance tobe a great chance to
respond or to block therespond or to block the
celular proliferation, in somecelular proliferation, in some
illnesses like cancer andillnesses like cancer and
others, where this replicationothers, where this replication
is mortal.is mortal.

17. According to the National Cancer
institute: “The most common cancers
in 2016 were cáncer of: breast, lung,
bronchus, prostate, colon, leukemia,
kidney and others”. As we saw it, this
patology can affect a lot of our
systems and organs. So, if we develop
and go deeper in studies of DNA
replication, we could help and treat a
lot of illnesses, that is to say, it has a
very great field of action.

18. Irresponsability, disorder and
uncontrolled sexual life is the reality of
our youth people nowadays. This
disconcerting scenario brings a lot of
serious illnesses, like Gonorrhea.
Actually we are not having a good
management of antibiotics, and
people are using them uncorrectly.
Professionals have to educate their
patients to take the antibiotics exactly
the time doctor said and don’t stop it
before. And that’s a reason why N.
Gonorrhoeae created a lot of
resistance to antibiotics, and this new
discoverement is important because is
another way or possibility to treat it.
Antibiotics
resistance

19. • Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria. Biologia
Molecular. 7 ed. Medellin: UPB. Fac.
Medicina
• Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular Biology of
the cell. 5th ed. New York-EEUU.
• Salisbury, D. Vanderbilt University. 2017,
August 1st. Vanderbilt researchers unravel
how bacterial toxin prevents DNA
replication. Retrieved from:
https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2017/08/01/
deciphering-potent-dna-toxins-secrets/
• Miari VF, Solanki P, Hleba Y, et al. August 7th
2017. In vitro susceptibility to
closthioamide among clinical and reference
strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Retrieved
from:
http://aac.asm.org/content/early/2017/08
/01/AAC.00929-17.full.pdf+html

20. “The
important
thing is not
to stop
questioning.
Curiosity
has its own
reason for
existing”
Albert Einstein