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© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved.
The PageRank Citation Ranking:
Bringing Order to the Web
November 2020
Yasunori Endo, Dahdit K.K.
@yendo1115
2020/11/21 Rev.001
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 2
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 3
$ whoami
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 4
自己紹介
名前
遠藤 靖典 (えんどう やすのり)
生年月日
1991/11/15 (29)
所属・役職
ダーディット株式会社 代表取締役
株式会社IBUKI 兼務
北陸先端科学技術大学院大学 修士課程
→ 放送大学に転学(予定)
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 5
キーコンセプト: 3本の柱
Neuroscience
Aritificial
Intelligence
Low-Layer
Technology
神経科学
• 脳に学び、脳を超えるコンピュータを目指して
• 脳の “リバースエンジニアリング” と “再実装”
人工知能
• より便利でより役に立つシステムを目指して
• 適切な技術を駆使し課題を解決
低レイヤー(*)・組込み技術
• 身近で役立つモノづくりを目指して
• ハードウェアを知りつくし限界まで使い切る技術力
(*): 低レイヤーとは、「ハードウェアに近い」ということを意味します
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 6
弊社の注力3融合領域
Neuroscience
Artificial
Intelligence
Low-Layer
Technology
Neurosci-Inspired AI
真のAIをつくりだす
Edge-Computing
AIを身近に、PoCのその先へ
Neuromorphic Computing
真に脳を超えるコンピュータ
それぞれの融合領域に
活路を見出していく
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 7
Interest of Research
神経科学をベースとした次世代人工知能を実現するために…
• 脳の学習アルゴリズムを何とかして知りたかった
• まずは測定から!脳波解析手法の研究 → 挫折
• ニューラルネットワークの学習の振る舞いから脳を類推したい ← New!!
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 8
About the Paper …
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 9
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 10
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 11
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 12
History of Google
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 13
What They Made?
Search Engine!!
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 14
What Made Google Innovative?
• 当時にも検索エンジンはいろいろあった
検索結果の重みづけが従来はうまくいっておらず
欲しい情報が見つけづらかった
↓
Invention of PageRank Algorithm!
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 15
About PageRank Algorithm
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 16
Intuitive Description of PageRank
リンクの数に関する議論
• 一般論として、「たくさんリンクされているページ」と「あまりリンクされていないページ」がある
• ex) Netscape は 62,804 個所からリンクされているなど
• たくさんリンクされているページは、あまりリンクされていないページより「重要度」が高い
リンクの質に関する議論
• 例えば Yahoo のホームページからリンクされているページがあったとしたら、たとえリンクが1本だとし
ても「重要度」は高い
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 17
Intuitive Description of PageRank (Cont’d)
被リンクのランクの和が高ければ、そのページは高いランクとなる
• 多くの被リンクがある
• 高いランクの被リンクが少しある
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 18
Simplified PageRank Algorithm
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 19
Simplified PageRank Algorithm
uに対してリンク
しているページv
vから出ている
リンクの本数
vというページの
ランク
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 20
Image of Simplified PageRank Algorithm
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 21
Matrix Notation
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 22
Simple Problem: Rank Sink
→ Rank source というアイディアを導入
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 23
PageRank w/ Rank Source
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 24
Random Surfer Model
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 25
Conversion of the Algorithm
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 26
まとめ
• Googleは “PageRank” というアルゴリズムを導入することによ
り、他の検索エンジンよりも抜きん出た性能を発揮した
• その “PageRank” アルゴリズムの原点は、シンプルなものである
• 私たちにも “Next Google” になるチャンスはある!
© 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 27
Reference
• http://baba.la.coocan.jp/wais/pagerank.html

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20201121 昔の論文を読む会 The PageRank Citation Ranking

  • 1. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web November 2020 Yasunori Endo, Dahdit K.K. @yendo1115 2020/11/21 Rev.001
  • 2. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 2
  • 3. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 3 $ whoami
  • 4. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 4 自己紹介 名前 遠藤 靖典 (えんどう やすのり) 生年月日 1991/11/15 (29) 所属・役職 ダーディット株式会社 代表取締役 株式会社IBUKI 兼務 北陸先端科学技術大学院大学 修士課程 → 放送大学に転学(予定)
  • 5. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 5 キーコンセプト: 3本の柱 Neuroscience Aritificial Intelligence Low-Layer Technology 神経科学 • 脳に学び、脳を超えるコンピュータを目指して • 脳の “リバースエンジニアリング” と “再実装” 人工知能 • より便利でより役に立つシステムを目指して • 適切な技術を駆使し課題を解決 低レイヤー(*)・組込み技術 • 身近で役立つモノづくりを目指して • ハードウェアを知りつくし限界まで使い切る技術力 (*): 低レイヤーとは、「ハードウェアに近い」ということを意味します
  • 6. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 6 弊社の注力3融合領域 Neuroscience Artificial Intelligence Low-Layer Technology Neurosci-Inspired AI 真のAIをつくりだす Edge-Computing AIを身近に、PoCのその先へ Neuromorphic Computing 真に脳を超えるコンピュータ それぞれの融合領域に 活路を見出していく
  • 7. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 7 Interest of Research 神経科学をベースとした次世代人工知能を実現するために… • 脳の学習アルゴリズムを何とかして知りたかった • まずは測定から!脳波解析手法の研究 → 挫折 • ニューラルネットワークの学習の振る舞いから脳を類推したい ← New!!
  • 8. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 8 About the Paper …
  • 9. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 9
  • 10. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 10
  • 11. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 11
  • 12. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 12 History of Google
  • 13. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 13 What They Made? Search Engine!!
  • 14. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 14 What Made Google Innovative? • 当時にも検索エンジンはいろいろあった 検索結果の重みづけが従来はうまくいっておらず 欲しい情報が見つけづらかった ↓ Invention of PageRank Algorithm!
  • 15. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 15 About PageRank Algorithm
  • 16. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 16 Intuitive Description of PageRank リンクの数に関する議論 • 一般論として、「たくさんリンクされているページ」と「あまりリンクされていないページ」がある • ex) Netscape は 62,804 個所からリンクされているなど • たくさんリンクされているページは、あまりリンクされていないページより「重要度」が高い リンクの質に関する議論 • 例えば Yahoo のホームページからリンクされているページがあったとしたら、たとえリンクが1本だとし ても「重要度」は高い
  • 17. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 17 Intuitive Description of PageRank (Cont’d) 被リンクのランクの和が高ければ、そのページは高いランクとなる • 多くの被リンクがある • 高いランクの被リンクが少しある
  • 18. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 18 Simplified PageRank Algorithm
  • 19. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 19 Simplified PageRank Algorithm uに対してリンク しているページv vから出ている リンクの本数 vというページの ランク
  • 20. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 20 Image of Simplified PageRank Algorithm
  • 21. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 21 Matrix Notation
  • 22. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 22 Simple Problem: Rank Sink → Rank source というアイディアを導入
  • 23. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 23 PageRank w/ Rank Source
  • 24. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 24 Random Surfer Model
  • 25. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 25 Conversion of the Algorithm
  • 26. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 26 まとめ • Googleは “PageRank” というアルゴリズムを導入することによ り、他の検索エンジンよりも抜きん出た性能を発揮した • その “PageRank” アルゴリズムの原点は、シンプルなものである • 私たちにも “Next Google” になるチャンスはある!
  • 27. © 2020 Dahdit K.K., All rights reserved. 27 Reference • http://baba.la.coocan.jp/wais/pagerank.html