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1. English grammar

2. I.Introduction Filipinos spend more than a decade of their formal studies using English as a medium and yet it has been noted that the quality of our spoken English is way below international standards.

3. There are many factors that are involve. Texting and chatting are two common practices that encourage the use of corrupted English. In many case, teachers and parents themselves do not have a good grasp of the English grammar. Indeed, it is not uncommon to hear Ph.D. graduates having difficulty speaking the language.

4. “The cowards never started and the weak died along the way” -Anonymous

5. LESSON I II. Sentences A. Definition of a sentence B. Subject and Predicate C. Sentence Fragment D. Kinds of Sentences a. Declarative b. Interrogative c. Imperative d. Exclamatory

6. “Speech is power: Speech is to persuade, to convert,…to compel.” -Ralph Waldo Emerson

7. LESSON II III. Parts of Speech A. Nouns a. Definition of Nouns b. Concrete and Abstract Nouns c. Common and Proper Nouns d. Rules on Singular and Plural Nouns

8. “If a man empties his purse into his head, no man can take it away from him.An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.” -Benjamin Franklin

9. LESSON III B. Pronouns a. Definition of Pronouns b. Antecedent of Pronouns ecotypes of Pronouns .Personal Pronouns .Interrogative Pronouns .Demonstrative Pronouns .Indefinite Pronouns .Relative Pronouns

10. “Natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study.” -Francis Bacon

11. LESSON IV D. Possessive Pronouns E. Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent

12. “Think like a man of action and act like a man of thought.” -Henri Bergson

13. LESSON V C. Verbs a. Action Verbs and Linking Verbs b. Over Phrase: Principal and Auxiliary Verbs c. Principal Parts of Verbs  Present Tense  Past tense  Past Participle d. Regular and Irregular Verbs

14. “For everything there is an appointed time.” -Ecclesiastes

15. LESSON VI Either Tenses: Basic Forms Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

16. “To be or not to be, that is the question….” -Shakespeare

17. LESSON VII  Six Tenses of the Verb “to be”  Six Tenses of the Regular Verb “care”  Six Tenses of the Irregular Verb “eat”

18. “The worst bankrupt in the world is the man who has lost his enthusiasm.” -Gerard de Nerve

19. LESSON VIII F. Tenses : Progressive Forms  Present Progressive Tense  Past Progressive Tense  Future Progressive Tense  Present Perfect Progressive Tense  Past Perfect Progressive Tense  Future Perfect Progressive Tense  Progressive Forms of the Verb “care”

20. “Action may not always bring happiness; but there is no happiness without action” -Benjamin Desraeli

21. LESSON IX G. Voice: Active and Passive Voice H. Mood  Indicative  Imperative  Subjunctive  Subjunctive Forms of the Verb “to be”

22. “You may easily play a joke on a man who likes to argue-agree with him.” -Ed Howe

23. LESSON X I. Agreement of Subject and Verb J. Agreement of Verbs with Collective Nouns K. Agreement of Verbs with Indefinite Pronouns

24. “Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers.” -Voltaire

25. LESSON XI l. Special Cases of Agreements

26. “And Jehovah God went on to say,’It is not good for the man to continue by himself.I am going to make a helper for him, as a complement of him.’” -Genesis 2:18

27. LESSON XII M. Complements * Complements of Action Verbs * Direct Objects * Transitive and Intransitive Verbs * The Indirect Object * Complements of Linking Verbs * Predicate Noun, Pronoun and adjectives

28. ”The wisest man has something yet to learn.” -George Santayana

29. LESSON XIII D. Prepositions a. Definition b. Objects of the Preposition c. Compound or Phrasal Prepositions

30. “Consider the postage stamp my son. It secures success through its ability to stick to one thing till it gets there. -Josh Billings

31. LESSON XIV E.Casesof Nouns and Pronouns a. Nominative Case of Nouns and Pronouns b. Objective Case of Nouns c. Objective Case of Pronouns d.PossessiveCase of Nouns e.PossessiveCase of Pronouns

32. “For they conquer those who believe they can.” -John Dryden

33. LESSON XV F. Adjectives a. Definition b. Attributive and Predicate Positions c. Kinds of Adjectives *Descriptive *Nouns as Adjectives *Limiting *Pronouns as Adjectives

34. “A word is not a crystal, transparent and unchanged, it is the skin of a living thought and may vary greatly in color and content according to the circumstances and the time in which it is used.” -Oliver Wendell Holmes

35. LESSON XVI D. Comparison in Adjectives *Positive Degree *Comparative Degree *Superlative Degree *Adjectives Not Compared

36. “Eloquence is the child of knowledge.” -Benjamin Disraeli

37. LESSON XVII G. Adverbs a. Definition b. Kinds of Adverbs >Adverb of Manner >Adverb of Place >Adverb of Frequency >Adverb of Time >Adverb of Degree >Interrogative Adverbs

38. C. Nouns and Adjectives Used as Adverbs D. Degrees of Comparison >Positive Degree >Comparative Degree >Superlative Degree >Adverbs Not Compared

39. “All wish to possess knowledge, but few, comparatively speaking, are willing to pay the price.” -Juvenal

40. LESSON XVIII H. Prepositional Phrases a. Review of Prepositions b. Review of Objects of Prepositions c. Prepositional Phrases >Adjective Phrases >Adverbial Phrases d. Correct use of Prepositions

41. “The block of granite which is an obstacle in the pathway of the weak becomes a stepping-stone in the pathway of the strong.” -Thomas Carlyle

42. LESSON XIX I. Conjunctions a. Definition b.Typesof Conjunctions >Coordinating Conjunctions >Correlating Conjunctions >Subordinating Conjunctions J. Interjections K. Concluding the Study of the Simple Sentence

43. “A house is not a home unless it contains food and fire for the mind as well as the body.” -Margaret Fuller

44. LESSON XX REVIEW

45. “Knowledge is power.” -Francis Bacon

46. LESSON XXI IV. Clauses A.Definition B.Typesof Clauses a.Mainor Independent Clause b.Subordinateor Dependent Clause >Adverbial Clauses

47. “Language, as well as the faculty of speech, was the immediate gift of God.” -Noah Webster

48. LESSON XXII >Adjective Clauses +Restrictive and Nonrestrictive >Noun Clauses

49. “The Difficult is that which can be done immediately; the Impossible that which takes a little longer.” -George Santayana

50. LESSON XXIII V. Classifying Sentences Based on Clauses A. Simple Sentence B. Compound Sentence a. Comma Fault b. Run on Error C. Complex Sentence D. Compound-Complex Sentence

51. “An action, to be effective, must be directed to clearly defined ends.” -Jawaharlal Nehru

52. LESSON XXIV VI. Verbals A. Participles a. Present Participles b. Past Participles c. Perfect Participles d. Dangling Participles

53. “A man who gives his children habits of industry provides for them better than by giving them a fortune.” -Richard Whately

54. LESSON XXV B. Gerunds a. Definition b. Dangling Gerund C. Infinitives a. Infinitives as Nouns b. Infinitives as Adverbs c. Infinitives as Adjectives d. Omitted Sign of the Infinitive e. Split Infinitives

55. “That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed in profit.” -Amos Bronson Alcott

56. LESSON XXVI VII. Punctuations A. Period B. Question Mark C. Exclamation Point D. Quotation Mark E. Apostrophe

57. “Even if you’re in the right track-you’ll get run over if you just sit there.” -Arthur Godfrey

58. LESSON XXVII F. Comma G. Colon H. Semicolon I. Parenthesis J. Dash

59. “Aim at perfection in everything though in most things it is unattainable. However, they who aim at it, and persevere, will come much nearer to it than those whose laziness and despondency make them give it up as unattainable.” -Lord Chesterfield

60. LESSON XXVIII K. Capitalization

61. the end…