The human eye: An introduction to its sensing and imaging processes
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The document discusses the human eye and vision process. It describes the pinhole camera model of the eye and how it creates a perspective projection of the visual scene onto the retina. It notes that the retina contains different cell types like photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells. The optic nerve transmits signals from ganglion cells to the brain. Rod and cone photoreceptors are described, with rods supporting low-light vision and cones supporting high-resolution color vision. The distribution of rods and cones across the retina is discussed, with a high density of cones in the fovea region for sharp central vision.
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The human eye: An introduction to its sensing and imaging processes
- 1. Sensing and the Imaging Process (II) Introduction to Computational and Biological Vision CS 202-1-5261 Computer Science Department, BGU Ohad Ben-Shahar
- 4. The human eye Pinhole camera model
- 5. The human eye Pinhole camera model: Basic geometry Optical axis Image plane Virtual Image Pinhole plane (center of projection)
- 6. The human eye Pinhole camera model: Perspective projection P = ( x, y , z ) Pi = ( xi , yi , f ) f Pi = (− xi ,− yi ,− f ) O x xi yi f xi = f ⋅ z OPi = λ ⋅ OP ⇒ λ= = = ⇒ x y z y yi = f ⋅ z
- 7. The human eye Pinhole camera model: Perspective projection Durer (c. 1500)
- 8. The human eye Pinhole camera model: Basic geometry Recovery of structure is ill defined
- 9. The human eye The retina: The biological image plane
- 10. The human eye Aside – Neural signaling and communication Cerebellar Cerebellar Retinal bipolar cell Purkinje cell pyramidal cell
- 11. The human eye Aside – Neural signaling and communication
- 12. The human eye Aside – Neural signaling and communication
- 13. The human eye The retina Variety of cells: Photoreceptors: ~100 million (95% rods,5% cones) Bipolar cells Ganglion cells Amacrine cells Horizontal cells Optic nerve: Made of axons of secondary (ganglion) neurons ~1 million axons
- 14. The human eye A defective design? Light
- 15. The human eye The optic disk and the blind spot
- 16. The human eye The optic disk and the blind spot
- 17. The human eye Rods and cones Rods: •Extremely sensitivity to light •Single photon response •Low spatial resolution •Single response profile •B&W night vision (scotopic) Cones: •Relatively insensitive to light •100 photos for response comparable with rods •High spatial resolution •Different (3 types of) response profiles •Color daylight vision (photopic)
- 18. The human eye Rods and cones
- 19. The human eye Rods and cones ) t (S M) m( or Long Sh d iu Me L) (
- 20. The human eye Rods and cones: distribution across the retina
- 21. The human eye The fovea (“pit”) •Extremely high density of cone receptors •Few rods. None in the foveola. •Displaced neural layers •No blood vessels •1-1 relationship with bipolar and ganglion cells 1.2 mm
- 22. The human eye The fovea: distribution of optic fibers