Presentasi hasil kajian kandungan timbal dalam cat enamel di Indonesia dan Asia. Sekitar 77% hasil sampel cat di Indonesia mengandung timbal di atas nilai aman, 90 ppm. Cat-cat ini sebagian besar berwarna cerah (merah, kuning, oranye, putih, biru) dan banyak digunakan di TK/PAUD, mengancam kesehatan 30 juta anak-anak Indonesia. Rekomendasi: hapuskan pigmen berbasis timbal, tetapkan SNI timbal dalam cat 90 ppm.

1. Kajian Timbal dalam Cat
di Asia dan Indonesia
di Asia dan Indonesia
Yuyun Ismawati - yuyun@balifokus.asia
BaliFokus
Dipresentasikan pada Pertemuan Stakeholder Timbal dalam Cat Kedua
Jakarta, 20 November 2013

2. Timbal dalam cat
Negara-negara maju sudah menghapus timbal dalam
cat 40 tahun yang lalu
Tahun 2008, Toxics Link India dan IPEN menemukan
>80 % cat enamel (oil-based) decorative paints di 10
negara berkembang memiliki timbal di atas angka
aman
IPEN melakukan kampanye global penghapusan
timbal dalam cat di 7 negara di Asia (SWITCH-Asia),
UNEP 9 Country Study dan 10 negara Afrika, Asia,
Latin Amerika dan Eastern Europe

3. Bahaya Timbal
• Timbal/Lead (Pb) Toxic & persistent
• Sudah dilarang di Eropa, U.S., Brazil dan Australia
• WHO: “there is no safe level of childhood lead exposure”
• Bahaya pada anak:
–Interferes with developing brain
–Lower IQ
–Attention deficiencies
–Poor impulse control
–Aggressive behavior
• Dampak kesehatan tidak terpulihkan tapi
dapat dicegah

4. SWITCH-Asia IPEN Project Partners
Philippines
Coordinated by:
Technical expertise:

5. PRELIMINARY DATA FROM LEAD IN PAINT
ANALYSIS IN SIX ASIAN COUNTRIES (AS OF
OCT 20, 2013)
Countries Banglades
h
(90
samples)
Indonesi
a
(78
samples)
Nepal
(49
samples)
Philippine
s
(122
samples)
Sri Lanka
(94
samples)
Thailand
(120
samples)
Majority of paints
sampled could not
be sold in
industrialized
countries (>
90ppm)
71% 77% 71% 62% 50% 79%
Majority of paints
sampled contain
high levels (greater
than 600 ppm; a
standard in many
countries)
64% 62% 60% 52% 24% 68%
Many paints
sampled had
dangerously high
lead levels (greater
than 10,000 ppm)
27% 33% 29% 39% 23% 33%

6. PRELIMINARY DATA FROM LEAD IN PAINT
ANALYSIS IN SIX ASIAN COUNTRIES (AS OF 20
OCTOBER, 2013)
Countries Banglades
h
(90
samples)
Indonesia
(78
samples)
Nepal
(49
samples)
Philippines
(122
samples)
Sri Lanka
(94
samples)
Thailand
(120
samples)
Majority of
bright colors
sampled
contained
extremely high
lead levels
(>10,000 ppm)
68% yellow;
9% red
80%
orange;
60% yellow
60% of all
bright
colors
82% orange;
70% yellow
35% of all
bright
colors
70% of all
bright
colors
Majority of paint
brands sampled
have high lead
levels (greater
than 90 ppm)
29 of 34
brands
(85.3%)
29 of 43
brands
(67.44%)
16 of 21
brands
(76.2%)
26 of 34
brands
(76.5%)
63% of
brands >
90 ppm
63 of 68
brands
(92.6%)
Paints are
inadequately or
mislabeled
Most cans
contain little
or no
information
Most cans
contain little
or no
information
Most cans
contain no
label
information
Less than
half of cans
sampled
described
product
composition
Most cans
contain
little or no
information
Half of
paints
labeled
“lead free”
had lead
content
greater

7. PRELIMINARY DATA FROM LEAD IN PAINT
ANALYSIS IN SIX ASIAN COUNTRIES (AS OF 20
OCTOBER, 2013)
CountriesBanglades
h
(90
samples)
Indonesia
(78 samples)
Nepal
(49
samples)
Philippines
(122
samples)
Sri Lanka
(94
samples)
Thailand
(120
samples)
Market
leaders
Berger
+Asian =
66% market
share
AKZO Nobel
(ICI)
+Avian+Nippon
= 67% market
share
Asian +
Berger
Jenson =
67% market
share
Pacific Paint
(Boysen) +
Charter
Chemical and
Coating
Company =
80% market
share
AKZO
Nobel (ICI);
Asian
Paints,
Causeway,
Silicon
Coatings,
Macksons
Lanka
TOA and
brands
manufactur
ed by TOA
+ AKZO
Nobel
(ICI)= 55-
69%
market
share

8. CountriesBanglades
h
(90
samples)
Indonesia
(78 samples)
Nepal
(49
samples)
Philippines
(122
samples)
Sri Lanka
(94
samples)
Thailand
(120
samples)
Most
Market
Leaders
are
producing
low lead
products
All paints from
Berger and
Asian tested
below90 ppm.
All samples from
AKZO Nobel (ICI)
were below 600
ppm; 2 of 6
samples were
below 90 ppm.
Avian and Nippon
samples had both
high and low lead
content
All paints from
Asian and
Berger Jenson
& Nicholson
tested below
90 ppm;
Samples from
major
Nepalese
manufacturers
(Pashputi, 20%
and Nepal
Shalimar
Paints,
13%)were
above 600
ppm
All paints sampled
from Pacific and
Charter were
below 90 ppm lead
Paint
manufacturer
s information
not available
While most
samples
manufacture
d by TOA
have lead
levels below
90 ppm,
several
brands still
contain lead
levels higher
than 1,000
ppm. The
two AZKO
Nobel
(ICI)samples
were below
90 ppm
PRELIMINARY DATA FROM LEAD IN PAINT
ANALYSIS IN SIX ASIAN COUNTRIES (AS OF 20
OCTOBER, 2013)

9. Peraturan terkait timbal dalam cat di
Indonesia

10. Leading market di Indonesia
Sumber: Mars Indonesia, Mei 2013)

11. SAMPELS

12. HASIL PENELITIAN

13. Kadar timbal menurut warna

14. Perbandingan dengan studi terdahulu
Sumber: Clark, C. Scott. et.al. (2009). Lead levels in new enamel household paints from Asia, Africa and South America.
Environmental Research 109 (7), October 2009, pp. 930–936.

15. Menuju 90 ppm
Kesepakatan global GAELP (UNEP & WHO)
dan SAICM goal 2020: lead in paint < 90 ppm
Kesiapan industri kecil, menengah dan besar
Kesiapan penyedia pigmen dan drier
Standar nasional dan peraturan yang relevan
Capacity building
Technical assistance

16. Terimakasih