1. GOOD MORNING

2. JAW RELATION RECORDING
AND OCCLUSION IN
REMOVABLE PARTIAL
DENTURES
By Dr Zarir Ruttonji

3. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Vertical jaw relation
4. Horizontal jaw relation
5. Establishing occlusal relationship
6. Selection of an articulator
7. Mounting of cast
8. Selection and Arrangement of prosthetic teeth
9. Preliminary objectives for establishing an occlusal
scheme
10. Conclusion
11. References

4. INTRODUCTION

5. OBJECTIVES
1.To create an arrangement of the opposing teeth which
is in harmony with the mandibular movements.
2. To provide the patient with a masticating mechanism that
is at the same time efficient, comfortable and aesthetically
pleasing.
3.Need to distribute the functional forces between the
remaining natural teeth and the residual ridge to withstand
stress
Miller and Grasso, Removable Partial Prosthodontics; 2nd edition, pg215

6.  It may provide information
which is difficult to obtain by
intraoral examination
Problems such as…..
1. Interarch distance
- enlarged maxillary
tuberosity…..
-moderate to severe
undercuts….
EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC CAST
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.

7. 2. Occlusal plane:
- Irregular due to extrusion….
- Several treatment options….
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.

8. 3. Tipped or malposed teeth:
- Minor orthodontic corrections….
- Sometimes removal…..
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.

9. 4. Occlusion:
- lingual surfaces can be
assessed
-Selective grinding and
coronal reshaping
- Interferences…..
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.

10.  Vertical Jaw Relations:
Vertical Dimension at rest
Occlusion Vertical Dimension
 Horizontal Jaw Relations:
Centric Relation
Centric Occlusion
Eccentric Relations
Protrusive relation
Lt & Rt Lateral relations
JAW RELATION RECORDS

11. VERTICAL DIMENSION OF
OCCLUSION
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.
It is measured between two
arbitrary point marked on
the face one above the
mouth one below the
mouth
Two vertical dimension
are commonly recognised
1.Vertical dimension at
rest
2. Vertical dimension
at
occlusion

12. ALTERING THE EXISTING OVD
Normally the OVD of a partially edentulous
patient is provided by the opposing natural
teeth contact and it should not be changed
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.

13. ALTERING THE EXISTING OVD cont..
1.Symptoms of diminished
OVD exist such as.
tired aching muscles,
unexplained pain in the head
and neck region, shortened
nose-chin distance
(appearance of premature
aging).
2. Excessive Free way Space
or ‘over-closure’ of the
jaws.
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.

14. HOW TO ALTER THE EXISTING OVD
1. Confirm the loss of
Vertical dimension by taking
history, and the presence of
excessive free-way space.
2. Increase the existing OVD
temporarily by fabricating an
acrylic resin occlusal overlay
appliance in maximum
intercuspation, ensuring that
4mm of freeway space must
exist.
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.

15. HORIZONTAL JAW RELATION
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics.

16. It is determined after a
correct vertical dimension of
occlusion is established
There are two horizontal relationships that
are of importance in developing occlusion
1. Centric relation
2. Centric occlusion

17. HORIZONTAL JAW RELATION
What to Record – C.R or C.O
.
Centric Occlusion should be
recorded whenever a patient
requiring a partial denture has
cusps on remaining natural
teeth that can guide the
mandible back to this position,

18. HORIZONTAL JAW RELATION
C.R should be recorded,
e.g., for distal extension
RPD, or when the
opposing arch is
edentulous.

19. ESTABLISHING OCCLUSAL RELATIONSHIP
5 methods can be used for establishing occlusal
relationship in removable partial denture fabrication
1.Direct apposition of cast
2. Interocclusal records with posterior teeth remaining
3.Occlusal relation using occlusion rims on record bases
4.Jaw relation made entirely on occlusion rims
5.Functionally generated path
McCracken’s- Removable Partial Prosthodo

20. DIRECT APPOSITION OF CAST
Used when there are sufficient
opposing teeth that remain in
contact.
This method at the best can
perpetuate the existing
vertical dimension.
McCracken’s- Removable Partial Prosthodo
Any existing occlusal
discrepancy present between
the natural dentition

21. INTEROCCLUSAL RECORDS WITH POSTERIOR
TEETH REMAINING
Used when sufficient natural
teeth are remaining but the
cast cannot be occluded by
hand articulation
McCracken’s- Removable Partial Prosthodo
Interocclusal records have
to be used to records the
jaw relation
Usually softened, metal-
reinforced wafer of baseplate or
set up wax in used

22. OCCLUSAL RELATION USING OCCLUSION
RIMS ON RECORD BASES
Used when on or more
distal extension areas are
present
Tooth supported
edentulous space is
large or when opposing
teeth do not meet
In this method the
missing teeth are
replaced by occlusal
rims
McCracken’s- Removable Partial Prosthodo

23. FUNCTIONALLY GENERATED PATH
Is based on the theory that
the patient is the best
articulator for developing
the occlusion.
Miller and Grasso, Removable Partial Prosthodontics; 2nd edition, pg215
Using the removable partial
denture framework
as a base, a dynamic recording
of the occlusal patterns is
generated in the
patient’s mouth under normal
functional conditions.

24. STEPWISE PROCEDURE
Denture base has to be fabricated which is stable and which
will support the wax occlusal rim
A film of hard stick wax is placed on the base before the
occlusal rims are adjusted
The wax rim then has to be worn by the patient for the next
24hrs including in the night
The occlusal rim has to be in positive contact with the dentition in all
excursion so that the functional path of all the cusp are carved in wax
McCracken’s- Removable Partial Prosthodo

25. After 24hrs the occlusal rim is examined, it has to have a
continuous gloss, which indicates functional contact of all the cusp.
The completed occlusal registration is now ready for
conversion to a occlusal template
The occlusal registration is the boxed with modelling clay
after it has been secured on the master cast
Only the wax registration and the vertical stops are left
exposed, rest all in poured with dental stone, which
forms the template
McCracken’s- Removable Partial Prosthodo

26. SELECTION OF AN ARTICULATOR
Based on adjustability,
articulators are
classified as:
Nonadjustable
articulators
1. Kennedy class
III
2. Functionally
generated path
Semi adjustable
articulators
1. Kennedy
class I II IV
Highly adjustable
articulators
1. Used when
extensive
occlusal
rehabilitation is
done
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics

27. Miller and Grasso, Removable Partial Prosthodontics; 2nd edition, pg215
MOUNTING THE CAST ON
ARTICULATOR
The cast have to be transferred to the
articulators
ARBITARY
MOUNTING
MOUNTING
USING FACE
BOW

28. ARBITARY MOUNTING OF
CAST
The cast are properly related
to each other in horizontal
and vertical planes
They are secured using
stick wax
Then they are mounted in
the centre of the
articulator, midline of the
cast aligns with the incisal
pin and occlusal plane
parallel to the bench topMiller and Grasso, Removable Partial Prosthodontics; 2nd edition, pg215

29. FACE BOW TRANSFER
It relates the maxillary
cast to the opening and
closing axis of the
articulator
It also places the
maxillary cast in the
correct horizontal plane.
Facebow should be
compatible with the chosen
articulator.
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics

30. SELECTION OF DENTURE TEETH
Choice of materials
1. Acrylic resin denture teeth
2. Porcelain denture teeth,
.In more recent years
1. Glass ceramics and
2. Composite materials.
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683

31. ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURE TEETH
1. Resilient,
2. Wear-resistant,
3. Natural-sounding in
function, and
4. Aesthetic
5. They are easy to adjust,
can be recontoured
when necessary,
6. Polished with little
effort
1. low abrasion
resistance
2. Proper function of the
occlusal relationships
must be checked more
frequently when
acrylic resin teeth are
used
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683

32. PORCELAIN DENTURE TEETH
1. High abrasion
resistance
2. Exhibit minimal wear
3. Highly Aesthetic
4. match the porcelains
used for fixed
restorations
1. Sound unnatural to
the patient
2. Brittle
3. Chip or crack,
4. Difficult to adjust,
recontour, and polish
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683

33. ARRANGMENT OF PROSTHETIC
TEETH
ANTERIOR TEETH
1. Should be selected using
the manufactures shade
guide
2. Should be done as quick
as possible
3. Natural light should be
used
Shade:-
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics

34. ARRANGMENT OF PROSTHETIC
TEETH cont...
MOLD
Each mold exhibits a
different shape and size and
also different surface
characteristics
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics

35. Mold selection is based on two important factors:
1) The space that has been created by tooth loss.
- If single tooth is replaced….
- If multiple anterior teeth are replaced…..
HOUSE technique
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics

36. 2) Overall form or shape of the teeth.
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics

37. ARRANGMENT OF PROSTHETIC TEETH
POSTERIOR TEETH
1. They should fit into the
edentulous spaces
2. But be in harmony with the
natural existing occlusion also
Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics

38. POSITION OF NATURAL TEETH
It is desirable to place artificial denture teeth
in close proximity to the original position of
the natural teeth..
Landmarks for the anterior teeth
1.Incisive papilla
2.Labial vestibule
Arthur R. Roraff, Arranging artificial teeth according to anatomic
Landmarks J. Prosthet. Dent. 1977;38,2:120-131

39. Landmarks for the occlusal plane
3. Commissures of the lips
2. Retromolar pad
1. Parotid papilla
Landmarks for the posterior teeth
1.Maxillary tuberosity
2.Retromolar pads
Arthur R. Roraff, Arranging artificial teeth according to anatomic
Landmarks J. Prosthet. Dent. 1977;38,2:120-131

40. 1.If a physiologic state exists, maintain the patient’s maximum
intercuspal position.
2.Bilateral simultaneous contacts of the opposing anterior and
posterior teeth should be established in restored occlusion
3. Do not alter a patient’s existing occlusal scheme in
lateral movement unless such alterations are needed
to correct a nonphysiologic condition.
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683
PRELIMINARY OBJECTIVES FOR
ESTABLISHING AN OCCLUSAL SCHEME

41. 4. If the restoration must re-establish lateral guidance,
canine- protected articulation is preferable when the
remaining natural canines are present and not
periodontally compromised.
5.Establish group function or a unilateral balanced articulation
for patients with missing canines being replaced by a
removable prosthesis or periodontally compromised canines
that will be maintained
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683

42. 6.Do not establish nonworking contacts on remaining
natural teeth unless these teeth are opposed by a complete
denture for which bilateral balanced articulation is
desirable
7.When there are healthy remaining natural anterior
teeth, posterior tooth contact during the protrusive
movement is not desirable
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683

43. DETERMINING THE OCCLUSAL SCHEME
The number and positions of the remaining natural teeth in
both the arch in which a removable partial denture is being
fabricated and the opposing arch determine the necessary
occlusal scheme.
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683

44. Class III removable partial denture
If the existing occlusion is
physiologically healthy, the patient is
restored to the existing occlusal
scheme
A group function articulation is
recommended if the patient’s natural
canine is missing or periodontally
compromised
A balanced articulation is
recommended if the restoration is to
oppose a complete denture
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683

45. Class II removable partial denture
Group function articulation
should be avoided when there
are no remaining premolars.
Except when opposing a
complete denture, a balanced
articulation should be avoided
to prevent nonworking
contacts on natural teeth.
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent

46. Balanced articulation is recommended for patients
for whom canine-protected articulation is not
possible to provide bilateral occlusal contacts for
increased denture stability.
Class I removable partial denture
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683

47. Class IV removable partial denture
During excursive movements the anterior artificial
teeth should either disocclude or have passive
occlusal contact.
John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable partial denture occlusion; Dent
Clin N Am 48 (2004) 667–683
A balanced articulation is recommended if the
restoration is to oppose a complete denture

48. CONCLUSION

49. References
1. Stewarts- Clinical Removable Partial Posthodontics.
2. McCrackens- Removable Partial Posthodontics
3. Miller and Grasso, Removable Partial Prosthodontics;
2nd edition,
4. Louis S. Block. Preparing and conditioning the patient
for intermaxillary relations, JPD 1952: 2 ;599-603
5. Davis Henderson. Occlusion in removable partial
prosthodontics , JPD 1972: 27; 151-159
6. John R. Ivanhoe , Kevin D. Plummer; Removable
partial denture occlusion; Dent Clin N Am 48 (2004)
667–683

50. 7. Arthur R. Roraff, Arranging artificial teeth according to
anatomic Landmarks J. Prosthet. Dent. 1977;38,2:120-131