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HCI Lecture # 2 (2).pptx
- 1. HumancomputerInteraction Lecture # 2 Design of Everything Ms. Mariya Hanif Sr. Lecturer (Software Engineering) Department of Computer Science & Information Technology IQRA UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD CAMPUS MARIYA HANIF OPERATING SYSTEM FALL-2021 1
- 2. Design of Everyday Things ◦Donald Norman’s Design Principles ◦ Making Things Visible ◦ Affordances ◦ Natural Mapping ◦ Feedback ◦ Constraints ◦ Mental Models 5/29/2023 Key Objectives
- 3. Frustrations of everyday life! Consider doors, switches, water taps, and stoves. ◦ Doors? ◦ Push doors that are meant to be pulled ◦ Pull doors that are meant to be pushed ◦ Walk into doors that are meant to slide ◦ Psychological principles: In which direction does it move? On which side should one work on? 5/29/2023
- 4. 5/29/2023
- 8. Design of Everything ◦Visibility ◦Affordance ◦Natural Mapping ◦Feedback ◦Constraints Donald Norman’s Design Principles 5/29/2023
- 9. Visibility The more visible functions are, the more likely users will be able to know what to do next. In contrast, when functions are "out of sight," it makes them more difficult to find and know how to use. To indicate what parts operate & how. To indicate how the user is to interact with the device 5/29/2023 Can I see it?
- 10. Don Norman’s Door Example – visibility A plate naturally says “ push me” and a vertical handle naturally says “pull me”, 5/29/2023
- 11. Don Norman’s Door Example When Don Norman’s advice is not followed 5/29/2023
- 12. Sensor technology like auto faucets - not sure how to use - guess where to put hands 5/29/2023
- 13. In buses and it is hard to find how to move seat forward or backwards. 5/29/2023
- 14. Refer to an attribute of an object that allows people to know how to use it. ◦ For example, a mouse button invites pushing (in so doing acting clicking) by the way it is physically constrained in its plastic shell. Affordance provides strong clues to the operations of things – user knows what to do. ◦ Plates: push ◦ Knobs: turning ◦ Slot: inserting things Affordances 5/29/2023 How do I use it?
- 15. Affordances Perceived & actual property of things ◦ Chair: support, sitting ◦ Glass: seeing through, breaking ◦ Wood: solidity, support, carving 5/29/2023
- 16. Perceived and actual properties of an object that give clues to its operation 5/29/2023
- 17. Perceived and actual properties of an object that give clues to its operation 5/29/2023
- 18. Perceived and actual properties of an object that give clues to its operation 5/29/2023
- 19. Natural Mapping Refers to the relationship between controls and their effects in the world. Nearly all artifacts need some kind of mapping between controls and effects, whether it is a flashlight, car. An example of a good mapping between control and effect is the up and down arrows used to represent the up and down movement of the cursor, respectively, on a computer keyboard. Complex input like pressing several buttons together in a certain order is not natural so we easily forget ◦ Taking screen shot in smart phones 5/29/2023 Where am I and Where I can go?
- 20. Natural Mapping Which one represents natural mapping? 5/29/2023 Consider the gas stove in your home. Does it use natural mapping?
- 21. Feedback Feedback is about sending back information about what action has been done and what has been accomplished, allowing the person to continue with the activity. ◦ Various kinds of feedback are available for interaction design - audio, tactile, verbal, and combinations of these. 5/29/2023 What is it doing now?
- 22. Feedback Providing feedback through different means doesn’t cost much but can increase customer satisfaction ◦ What happens when you press a button on touch screen? ◦ Inserting memory card or battery in a camera 5/29/2023
- 23. Constraints The design concept of constraining refers to determining ways of restricting the kind of user interaction that can take place at a given moment. There are various ways this can be achieved 5/29/2023 What can’t I do that?
- 24. Constraints Cultural: Red is a rear light, yellow a front light Logical: Two blue lights, two white pieces, probably go together Physical: Pieces can only be fitted in a certain way 5/29/2023
- 25. References Chapter 1 of The Design of Everyday Things ◦ By DONALD NORMAN 5/29/2023
Notas del editor
- An affordance is the possibility of an action on an object or environment. Though additional meanings have developed, the original definition in psychology includes all actions that are physically possible One object can have multiple affordances
- One object can have multiple affordances. Let's say an affordance of a door is that it opens inward. This is all it does. With no signifier - no doorknob or handle or anything - the perceived affordance is that it may open inward or outward. If you place a push bar on the door (a signifier), it should be clear that you push it to open it inward.
- Source: Preece, J., Rogers, Y., Sharp, H. (2002), Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction, New York: Wiley, p.21
- Courtesy : wikipedi
- Error messages ,, charging battery symbols Source: Preece, J., Rogers, Y., Sharp, H. (2002), Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction, New York: Wiley, p.21
- Source: Preece, J., Rogers, Y., Sharp, H. (2002), Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction, New York: Wiley, p.21